Introduction to the main attractions of Dawenkou Town
1. Dawenkou Cultural Site
Dawenkou Site is located in the southwest of Dawenkou Town, Tai'an City and across the river The area west of Baotou Village facing each other. In June 1959, under the guidance of the Shandong team of the Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Provincial Cultural Administration Office and the Jinan Municipal Museum conducted the first excavation. An area of ??5,400 square meters was revealed, and Neolithic tombs (133) were cleared. From 1974 to 1978, the Tai'an Regional Cultural Relics Bureau was responsible for the second and third excavations. The final area revealed was 1,800 square meters. meters, 56 tombs, more than 120 ash pits, and 14 house sites were excavated, proving that the Dawenkou site is a prehistoric cultural site with rich cultural connotations.
The tombs at the Dawenkou site are divided into the north and south banks of the Dawenkou River. The ancestors lived along the river, with an existing area of ??820,000 square meters. The terrain is basically a plain area with fertile soil and sufficient water sources. People move there for fishing, hunting, living and farming.
189 tombs were excavated and cleared at the site. Most of the tombs contained varying amounts of funerary objects, mainly including ceremonial utensils, production tools, daily utensils and decorations. It can be seen from the differences in funerary objects that the polarization between rich and poor was already serious among members of society at that time.
The tombs at the site can be roughly divided into three phases: early, middle and late.
Early tombs: There are few types of stone tools and they are bulky. There are many fishing and hunting tools. The pottery is mostly red pottery, most of which are handmade. The painted pottery is very exquisite and has many types.
Mid-term tomb: divided into two phases: the front and middle phases. In the middle and early stages, stone tools were more advanced than those in the early period, including fully ground stone axes, stone shovels, stone adzes, stone chisels, bone awls, bone needles, daggers, fish darts, etc. Among the pottery, there were more gray and black pottery, and painted pottery was distinctive, with red colors. , white, black, and ocher; in the middle and late period, the stone tools have regular shapes and sharp blades, the proportion of gray and black pottery gradually increases, the fast wheel technology was invented, and the firing temperature was higher.
Late tombs: Productivity has been further improved. Stone axes and shovels are more regular tools, with straight and sharp blades, fine grinding throughout, and holes drilled by pipes. The pottery industry is even more prosperous, and the style of pottery has also changed significantly. Most of the utensils are plain, polished or decorated with string patterns, especially the black pottery high-handled cups, which are shiny black and thin, and extremely exquisite. They are the eggshell pottery of the later Longshan Culture. laid the foundation for its emergence.
The Dawenkou tomb site is very rich in connotations. A large number of exquisite artifacts made of pottery, stone, bone, teeth, clams and other materials have been unearthed. Painted pottery is unique, such as painted pottery tripods, painted pottery back pots, etc., especially spiral patterns, octagonal patterns, and triangular patterns are original. In addition, string patterns, rhombus patterns, petal patterns, and hook and loop patterns are common.
Stone tools occupy a very important position in Dawenkou culture. At that time, the main means for people to fight against the work of nature was to use stone tools. They used large stone shovels, stone axes, and stone adzes to cut down trees and cultivate farmland. Handmade using small stone adzes, stone chisels, and stone grinders. Use stone knives and stone rods to process grain. This is a major advancement in human production technology and promotes the development of productivity.
The Dawenkou site is the name of the Dawenkou culture. The State Council announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit. A monument was erected for protection on February 23, 1982. The Dawenkou site provides valuable information for studying the social conditions of the late matrilineal clans in my country, the transition from matrilineal clan communes to patrilineal clan communes, and the disintegration of patrilineal clan society and primitive society in my country.
2. Akashi Bridge
Akashi Bridge, the first ancient stone bridge in Jiangbei, is the only ancient stone bridge on the Dawen River. It is also an ancient stone bridge that is well preserved and can be used normally. In April 2011, it was upgraded from a provincial key cultural relics unit to a national key cultural relics unit.
The ancient stone bridge was built during the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty (1567-1572). The stone bridge starts from the Southwest Gate in the north and ends at Chateng Village in Ningyang County in the south. It spans the Dawen River with a total length of 570.95 meters. The entire bridge* **65 holes, 3.5 meters wide, of which the bridge length is 238 meters.
The stone bridge is an integral stone slab bridge. Each bridge slab is 3.5 meters long and 52 centimeters wide. The bridge deck is made up of five stone bridge slabs connected vertically and horizontally. The stone slabs are all connected with iron hammer-shaped saws and clamps. The bridge piers are built with large stones, and the points facing the water in the east are pointed to reduce water pressure. The bridge piers are connected to the underground stone foundation. The highest one is 1.8 meters and the lowest one is 50 centimeters. The flags on the bridge piers are clearly visible. After the completion of the bridge, it became an important transportation artery between the north and the south. In response to the grand appearance of the ancient stone bridge in Wenkou and the economic prosperity of the ancient town of Dawenkou, the ancients once wrote a poem: The Wen River flows backward, and the apricot willows on both sides spit out the fragrance; the ancient stone bridge The master is like weaving, and there are merchants in the ancient town. Another poem says: The golden sand reflects the sun on the bottom of the water, the fish jumps in the shallow bottom and turns over the waves of flowers, the trilobite rocks are stacked on top of each other, and the dancing swallows play in the water like crazy. In July 2003, the Dawenkou Town Government carried out comprehensive maintenance on the ancient stone bridge.
3. Shanxi Guild Hall
Shanxi Guild Hall, also known as Guandi Temple, is located on the west of Nanmenli Road in Dawenkou Town. It is one of the famous attractions in Dawenkou Town. It is a provincial key protected cultural relic. The whole building is divided into two courtyards, the Guandi Temple in the north and the Theater Courtyard in the south, with a total area of ??2283 square meters. According to the inscription on the construction of the Shanxi Guild Hall, the hall was expanded on the basis of the Guandi Temple in the 24th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1759). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanxi merchants spread all over the country. Dawenkou was an important commercial town, and the Akashi Bridge blocked the north-south traffic. Shanxi merchants who were good at commerce were optimistic about this prime location and built a guild hall here to entertain Shanxi officials and merchants, or to exchange banknotes. , or a gathering of fellow villagers, hence the name "Shanxi Guild Hall". Shandong Dawenkou Real Estate Co., Ltd. started renovation in June 2011, with a total investment of approximately 4 million yuan. It was basically completed by the end of June 2012, and is awaiting acceptance by relevant departments.
4. Wenhe Ancient Ferry
Wenhe Ancient Ferry is one of the eight original scenic spots in Tai'an, because Dawenkou is home to the five major scenic spots of Mouwen, Yingwen, Shiwen, Chaiwen and Panwen. The intersection of Wen River and Wen River was the easiest place for ancient people to cross the natural barrier of Da Wen River. It was also the only way for the ancient north-south post road, and the Wen River ancient ferry was formed. The ferry is a famous commodity distribution center in history. The once busy scene was like a beautiful picture. This scene was first recorded in "Taian Chronicle" during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty.
According to textual research, the ancient ferry of Dawen River has been formed in ancient times. The Tai'an County Chronicle records: "At Dawenkou in the south of the city, the waters of Huimou, Ying, Shi, Chai, Pan, and Naihuan reach Yuji, which is the Qilu Conduit. path".
5. Wenjiang City Ruins
Wenjiang City, also known as "Wenjiang Terrace", is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. It is located 500 meters northeast of Dawenkou Town and close to the Dawen River in the southeast. It is adjacent to the Wenhe Ancient Ferry, one of the eight scenic spots in Tai'an. It was built by Duke Huan of Lu (in power from 711 BC to 694 BC) to facilitate the return of his wife Wen Jiang. A relative of Qi Province (Wen Jiang was the second daughter of Duke Xi of Qi and the wife of Duke Huan of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period), the palace was built at the junction of Qi and Lu. Experts speculate that the site was destroyed in the war, and now only an earthen platform 1-1.8 meters above the ground remains, covering an area of ??22,500 square meters. It is a site from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period. "Shui Jing Zhu" records: "There is Wenjiang Terrace sandwiched between water in Wen today." The cultural accumulation in Wenjiang City is relatively clear, and pottery fragments, Han bricks, pottery bean handles, tiles, cloth-patterned tiles, etc. can be seen everywhere.
6. Yuntingshan Site
The Yuntingshan Site is a provincial cultural relic protection unit. It is located in the north of Majia Dawu Village, Dawenkou Town, 3 meters away from the Dawenkou Town Residential Area. kilometers. Yunting Mountain has an altitude of 141.5 meters and a surrounding area of ??4 square kilometers. Although this mountain is not among the "Three Mountains and Five Mountains", it is a place where the emperor granted Zen. It faces the north and south on the same central axis as Dai Temple and Nantianmen. Historical records record that "in ancient times, emperors were granted Zen status on Mount Tai, and they often meditated in Yunyun and Pavilion Mountains." Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty's "Ji Taishan Inscription" says: "In ancient times, the seventy-two emperors who were granted the title of Mount Tai were either Zen Pavilions or Zen Yunyun." The twelve emperors whose names are recorded in history books are: "Wuhuai, Fuxi, Shennong, Yandi , Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, and King Cheng of Zhou. "According to expert research, in ancient times, the emperor Feng Chan first set up an altar on a raised hill in the south of Mount Tai, Yunting Mountain. Then he drove up to Mount Tai to complete the ceremony of enshrining Zen.
7. Kangqian Palace
Kangqian Palace (Imperial Camp) is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. Kangxi visited the south of the Yangtze River six times and Qianlong visited the south of the Yangtze River twice, all staying here. The Royal Camp site is located 200 meters west of Weijiazhuang in Dawenkou Town (this site originally housed a temple of four sages built in the Song Dynasty). It was built in the 18th year of Kangxi (1679 AD) and ended in the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684 AD). ), completed before Kangxi's first southern tour.
8. Juping County
During the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Juping County was established and belonged to Taishan County. The Later Han Dynasty was a marquis state, the Jin Dynasty was still a county, and the Northern Qi Dynasty was abolished. The cultural accumulation layer of the Juping County Site is relatively obvious. Tiles, pottery beans, and pot pieces from the Han Dynasty are mixed in the soil layer. There are broken tiles, broken bricks, pottery beans handles, etc. everywhere around the city. This is also rare in other accumulation layers. of. In recent years, many tomb sites of the Han Dynasty have been discovered in and around the Juping County site. It is planned to restore the architectural style of the Han Dynasty in Juping County and the Han tomb sites, rebuild the castle-style Juping County of the Han Dynasty, and divert water into the city to form the Juping County of that time. The large water surface with rippling blue waves presents the cultural characteristics of the Han Dynasty to the world.