Shepherd's purse is a famous wild vegetable, which has been introduced and cultivated in major cities in China.
Pinyin name j? Cài？
English name Shepherdspurse? Herb? Herb? Yes? Shepherdspurse？
Alias pan spatula, diced cabbage, leek, weeds, cauliflower, health grass, sheep cabbage, chicken heart cabbage, intestine-clearing grass, upper Hubei cabbage, water chestnut, clean vegetables, mustard greens, pillow grass, rice vegetables, chicken feet vegetables, fake water vegetables, ground vegetables, cigarette case grass, Xixi and mountain radish. ?
Source?
Source of medicinal materials: whole herb of Cruciferae Capsella bursa-pastoris. ?
Latin plant animal mineral name: shepherd's purse? Pasteur yeast? Corpsman 【Thlaspi？ Pasteur yeast? l .】？
According to the records in the Sea of Traditional Chinese Medicine, it was first recorded as a cruciferous plant in Qianjin Therapeutic Prescription. Shepherd's purse is full of grass with roots. This product is the same as qi: qi also helps. This kind of grass can prolong life in famine and stop bleeding in war, so it is named after its great merits and full functions. ?
Shepherd's purse ? Young leaves, also called ground vegetables, are a kind of wild vegetables that people like to eat. Originally from China, it has spread all over the world. China has collected wild shepherd's purse for food since ancient times, which was recorded as early as 300 BC. /kloc-end of 0/9? By the beginning of the 20th century, Shanghai suburbs had been cultivated for more than 90 years. ?
At present, major cities in China have begun to introduce and cultivate, but they are still in the range of sporadic production. ?
Moreover, shepherd's purse is changeable, and shepherd's purse planted in different fields is different. It's actually a famous wild vegetable.
-
Types and varieties
At present, there are two main varieties produced:?
Shepherd's purse Also known as shepherd's purse, it is a local variety in Shanghai. The plant collapses and grows, and the spreading degree is 18 cm. Leaves are light green, thick, 10 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, about 18 pieces. The leaf margin is pinnately lobed, nearly entire, the leaf surface is smooth and slightly fluffy, and the leaf color turns dark when exposed to low temperature. This variety has strong cold and heat tolerance, early maturity and fast growth. It can be harvested 40 days after sowing, with high yield, good appearance and delicious taste. Its disadvantages are not strong enough fragrance, weak winter, early bolting, not suitable for spring sowing, and generally used for autumn planting. ?
Shepherd's purse Also known as shepherd's purse, slow shepherd's purse, shepherd's purse with flowers and leaves, shepherd's purse with small leaves, shepherd's purse with broken leaves and so on. The plant collapses and grows, and the spreading degree is 18 cm. The leaves are green, pinnately divided, the edge is deeply cut, long 10 cm, long and narrow, short and small, about 20 leaves. The leaves are green, pinnately divided, smooth and fluffy, and turn dark purple after low temperature. This variety has moderate cold resistance, strong heat resistance and strong wintering ability, which is 10 ~ 15 days later than shepherd's purse. Strong aroma and delicious taste, suitable for spring cultivation. ?
Cultivation techniques (1) Shepherd's purse can be cultivated in the Yangtze River basin in spring, summer and autumn. Sowing in spring from late February to late April; Sowing in summer from early July to late August; Autumn planting is from early September to early October of 10. It is feasible to cultivate in two seasons in North China, and sow in early March to late April in spring. Autumn ploughing from? From early July to mid-September. Plastic shed or solar greenhouse can be cultivated in 10? Sow at any time from the beginning of the month to the beginning of February of the following year. ?
(2) Land Selection and Soil Preparation Because there is little demand for shepherd's purse in the North China market, large contiguous plots are rarely used for planting. Generally use ridges and fields; Greenhouse, greenhouse? East and west sides or south side cultivation. Choose fertile plots with few weeds to plant shepherd's purse. Avoid continuous cropping. Before sowing, apply 45,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare, and apply chelated concave-convex granular fertilizer-commercial light energy organic fertilizer, shallow turning and raking to level the border. ?
(3) The seeds of shepherd's purse are very small, so we must be careful in the whole sowing. ?
①? Soil preparation? Shepherd's purse has strict requirements on plots, so it is necessary to choose plots with small weeds, and the border should be thin, flat and soft. The soil particles should be as fine as possible to prevent the seeds from leaking into the depths and not easily coming out. The boundary is 2 meters wide and the deep ditch is high, which is convenient for irrigation and drainage. ?
②? Sowing method? Shepherd's purse is usually sown, but it should be uniform. When sowing, 1 ~ 3 times of fine soil can be mixed evenly. After sowing, tread lightly with your feet to make the seeds closely contact with the soil, so that the seeds can absorb water and emerge early. If the mustard sown in early autumn adopts the new seeds harvested in the same year, we should try to break the dormancy of the seeds, usually by low temperature treatment, soil stratification or accelerating germination in a low-temperature refrigerator at 2 ~ 7℃. After 7 ~ 9 days, the seeds begin to germinate and can be planted. When sowing in summer, the border can be watered with 1 ~ 2 water two days before sowing. In order to prevent the difficulty of seedling emergence caused by high temperature and drought, covering with sunshade net after sowing can reduce soil temperature, keep soil moisture and prevent thunderstorm erosion. ?
③? Sowing amount? Seeds need 0.75 ~ 1 kg for spring sowing, 2 ~ 2.5 kg for summer sowing and 1 ~ 1.5 kg for autumn sowing every 667 square meters. ?
Shepherd's shepherd's purse seeds have a dormant period, so the new seeds of that year should not be used, because they have not escaped from the dormant period and are not easy to emerge after sowing. ?
(4) Field management In normal climate, all seeds can be sown within 5-7 days of spring sowing; Sowing in summer and autumn can be realized in three days Water frequently before emergence to keep the soil moist for emergence. Pay attention to proper irrigation after emergence, maintain a certain humidity, avoid drought, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season. In the rainy season, if the soil splashes on the leaves or heart of Chinese cabbage, it should be washed off in the morning or evening to avoid affecting the growth of shepherd's purse. In autumn, shepherd's purse should be properly watered before winter to prevent it from growing white, so as to ensure safe overwintering. ?
Shepherd's purse cultivated in spring and summer is usually topdressing twice because of its short growth period. The first time in a true leaf; The second time is 15 ~ 20 days later. Apply 22,500 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine liquid per hectare, or good and fast potassium sulfate organic irrigation fertilizer 120 kg, or urea 150 kg. Autumn sowing shepherd's purse has a long harvest period, and it needs topdressing once for each harvest, and can be topdressing for 4 times, and the application amount is the same as that of spring sowing shepherd's purse. ?
Shepherd's purse is small, easy to mix with weeds, and it is difficult to weed. Therefore, try to choose plots with few weeds for cultivation, and cultivate weeds frequently in management, so as to pull out early, small and small, and don't wait for weeds to overwhelm or hurt seedlings. ?
Shepherd's purse planted in spring and summer grows rapidly. The days from sowing to harvesting are generally 30-50 days, and the number of harvests is 1-2 times. Shepherd's purse sown in autumn takes 30-35 days from sowing to harvesting, and then it is harvested 4-5 times continuously. The Yangtze River basin can be postponed until next spring. ?
When harvesting, select the big plant with 10 ~ 13 true leaves to harvest and dig out the roots. Leave the middle and small seedlings to continue to grow. At the same time, pay attention to the dense places first, and then pay attention to the sparse places, so that the remaining plants are evenly distributed. Timely watering after harvest is helpful for the remaining plants to continue to grow. The yield per hectare is 37500 ~ 45000 kg. ?
[6] Pest control The main disease of shepherd's purse is downy mildew, which is rainy in summer and autumn? Section, it is easy to happen when the air is wet. At the initial stage, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution can be sprayed for control. ?
The main pest of shepherd's purse is aphid. After aphid damage, leaves turn green and black, lose edible value, and easily spread viral diseases. Should aphids be used in time when they are found to be harmful? 40% dimethoate 1500 times solution; Or biological drug matrine; Or 80% dichlorvos 1000 times. ?
(7) Leave seeds for shepherd's purse. Leave the seed for the field and choose the high and dry line. A land with good water and moderate fertility. Sowing time in the Yangtze River basin is from the end of September to the beginning of 10. The sowing amount per hectare is about 22.5 kg. After sowing and seedling emergence, combine with thinning seedlings to eliminate pests and diseases. Weak seedlings and residual seedlings. There will be a plant selection in the next spring, and weak and inferior plants and plants without the characteristics of this variety will be selected. All characteristic plants are pulled out, seedlings are fixed, and the spacing between plants is maintained at 12cm x? 12 cm. Topdressing once after seedling, applying decomposed human excrement 15000 kg, or quick-acting potassium sulfate or organic seaweed fertilizer or phosphorus-potassium fertilizer150-225 kg per hectare. And pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. ?
Collect the seeds of wild shepherd's purse? There are many kinds of wild shepherd's purse, the common ones are:
(1) Broad-leaved shepherd's purse: it looks like a small wavy vegetable, with flat leaves, spreading degree up to 18 ~ 20cm, deeply split leaves at the base, smooth leaves, greener leaves and higher fresh vegetable yield. ?
⑵ Hemp leaf (mosaic) type shepherd's purse: the leaves grow flat, the plant spreading degree can reach 15 ~ 18 cm, and the leaves are pinnately divided, deeply concave and finely divided like flying lotus (Carduus? Crisp? Leaf shape, green, good edible flavor. ?
⑶ Purple leaf shepherd's purse: the leaf grows flat, the plant spreading degree is 15 ~ 18 cm, and the leaf shape is between the above two. No matter whether the fertilizer and water conditions are good or bad, it grows on shady or sunny slopes, highlands or depressions, with purple petioles, slightly fluffy leaves, strong adaptability and good taste. ?
The method of selecting seedlings and collecting seeds is: in winter or early spring, you can select seedlings in the field, dig and put three kinds of shepherd's purse respectively, or choose one according to the purpose of seed selection. Then, after fertilization and fine soil preparation (pay attention to the isolation between different types), plant seedlings in sporadic cooked soil and vegetable fields, and pay attention to watering and fertilization after survival to prevent aphids and make plants bloom and pod normally. When the seed pods are yellow and the seeds are eight-ripe, the seeds will be harvested to avoid being scattered by "fried pods" after over-ripening. Spread the recovered seed pods on the film to dry and knead, and take out the dried seeds and keep them carefully. ?
Choose to keep the seeds?
Artificial cultivation of cultivated vegetables for seed selection can quickly increase the number of cultivated vegetables seeds and expand the planting area. The establishment of reserved fields can save a lot of trouble in collecting seeds in the wild. According to many years of experience in seed selection and seed retention in Shanghai, the following points should be paid attention to in seed selection and seed retention of shepherd's purse. ?
1. Selected seed field? Generally, the late sowing field 10 planted from late September to early June is selected as the dantian. The mustard field with high purity, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests in Gao Shuang was selected as the seed reserve. ?
2. Adhere to forest selection criteria? Spring Festival is coming. When picking shepherd's purse in reserved fields, we should focus on selecting and keeping good seed plants. For example, in Dantian, healthy plants that meet the characteristics of shepherd's purse are left, some non-shepherd's purse are picked, and plants with poor growth and small pests and diseases are picked out for listing. Keep the spacing between seed plants at 65,438 0.5 cm, so that there is a uniform growth space among seed plants, promote their balanced growth and improve seed yield. Shepherd's purse Shepherd's purse is a wild vegetable with various varieties. Only by insisting on plant selection can we effectively improve the purity of varieties and ensure the high quality and high yield of the next cooked commercial vegetables. ?
3. Do a good job in managing farming? Early fertilizer and water management and weeding. Insect control measures are the same as those in commercial shepherd's purse fields. However, after removing impurities in February, it is necessary to topdressing the decomposed fresh water fertilizer 1 time in time to promote the seed plants to grow well and make their roots deep and leafy, nutritious and healthy. After bolting and budding, phosphorus, potassium and silicon fertilizers should be supplemented. Combined with pest control, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be added to pesticides or sprayed well and quickly. This can not only enhance the stress resistance of seed plants, but also help to bear more pods and promote grain fullness. Usually, it is especially necessary to check frequently to prevent aphids. Even if the seed plants have entered the stage of pod setting and milk ripening on April 20, aphids should still be controlled once, otherwise the seeds will not be full because of the rampant aphids, leading to seed failure. At ordinary times, we should also do a good job in canal repair to prevent waterlogging caused by long-term rainfall. ?
4. timely seed collection, timely threshing, drying and storage? The maturity of shepherd's purse seed plants is generally at the end of April and the beginning of May. When the flowers of seed plants have withered and the stems are yellow, the seeds rubbed out of the pods have turned yellow, which is nine-ripeness. Harvest is the most timely at this time. If the harvest is too early, the seed maturity is not enough, the yield is low and the quality is poor. The harvest is too late and the seeds are scattered and wasted. Generally, harvest in sunny morning, and don't harvest at noon, so as to avoid cracking pods and scattering seeds. In the process of harvesting and drying, you should rub the seeds at any time, then spread them thinly in the bamboo plaque, and don't turn your hands when drying. The quality of seeds threshed for the first time is the best. A little threshing, in a normal year, the output of 667 square meters is generally 25 ~ 30 kg. ?
Timely seed collection is the key to keep shepherd's purse seeds. Generally, when the flowers on the seed plants have withered, the stems are yellow, the seed pods turn from green to yellow, and some seeds scraped off the fruit pods are yellow, it is the appropriate time to collect seeds. Harvest in the sunny morning, cut and dry 1 hour, rub off the seeds and dry. Don't expose the seeds to the sun to avoid reducing the germination rate. ?
The seeds with moderate maturity are orange and bright, and the seeds with excessive maturity are dark brown. The service life is 2 ~ 3 years. "The peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the spring is at the head of the stream." Xinjiaxuan is both lyrical and realistic here, and the vitality of shepherd's purse really exceeds the imagination of ordinary people. ?
Key points of high-yield cultivation shepherd's purse is a cruciferous plant and a kind of wild vegetable that people like to eat. It has high nutritional value, can be fried, cooled, brewed and boiled, and has various practical methods. Shepherd's purse is a cold-tolerant vegetable, which needs a cold and sunny climate. The planting method is as follows:
1. Weed in time. Shepherd's shepherd's purse plants are short, so it is difficult to weed at ordinary times, so it is necessary to weed in time. The grass is pulled by hand, and the big grass is picked with a knife. ?
2. Hydrate and moisturize. Shepherd's purse seeds are small and are greatly affected by soil moisture. Pay attention to watering and moisturizing before emergence, and it is advisable to water in the morning and evening. Shepherd's purse has a high planting density and needs a lot of water, so it should be watered lightly and frequently. ?
3. Base fertilizer is used to raise seedlings. Apply chelated concave-convex granular fertilizer-commercial light organic fertilizer. Topdressing promotes growth. The growth period of spring and summer sowing is short, and topdressing is usually twice. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, the first topdressing, topdressing with 0.3% urea solution, quick-acting potassium sulfate organic fertilizer, biological seaweed fertilizer, etc. The second topdressing is suitable for 7 ~ 10 days before harvest. Autumn sowing has a long growth period, topdressing 4 times, and watering human and animal manure every time. Spraying silicon potassium treasure in time will make the stems of plants strong and the plants flourish. At the same time, it can improve the disaster resistance, reduce the dosage of pesticides and fertilizers, and reduce the residual poison.
4. Se-enriched shepherd's purse industry can be developed with unique advantages. ?
5. Wash the mud. In summer and autumn, if there is mud splashing on the leaves or heart of Chinese cabbage after a thunderstorm, it should be washed away with a watering can in the early morning or evening, otherwise it will affect the growth. (Zhongxin Science and Technology Network)