Russian: Московский Кремль
Geographic coordinates: 55°45'05''N,37°37'04E
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Name Meaning
The Kremlin is a Mongolian word for "fortress. " meaning "fortress".
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History
The Kremlin[1] was once the palace of successive tsars and the oldest complex in Moscow. After the October Revolution, it became the Soviet Union's, and later the seat of the Soviet Union's party and government organs. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became a proxy for the Russian government. It is situated on the Borovets Hills at the confluence of the Neglina and Moscow Rivers. Bordered by the Moscow River to the south, the Alexandrov Gardens to the northwest, and Red Square to the southeast, it was built in 1156 with wooden walls, which were replaced by stone walls in 1367. The fifteenth-century brick palace wall (2.5 kilometers in circumference) remains today. On the central church square the Church of the Assumption, the Church of the Angels, the Church of the Annunciation, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great and the Dolomite Palace of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were built, and in 1788 the Senate Building (today the Government Building) was completed. In the 1840s the Kremlin was built. There are 20 towers around the palace walls. Palace towers in the most magnificent Spartak, Nikolai, Troitsk, Paulovitz, Vodovzvod and other towers, in 1937, in the towers on the installation of the five Kremlin red star.
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Main building
Brief description
The Kremlin is located in the center of Moscow, Russia, and is one of the symbols of Russia. Surrounding the Kremlin is a group of magnificent, beautifully and skillfully designed buildings such as Red Square and Church Square. There is also the Privy Council Building, built in the 18th century A.D., and the Grand Kremlin and Arms Gallery, built in the 19th century A.D.. Each of these buildings contains the unparalleled wisdom of the Russian people and is a rare masterpiece in the history of world architecture. Inside the palace there are masterpieces of Russian foundry art: the "King of Cannons" weighing 40 tons and the "King of Bells" weighing 200 tons. The Kremlin has thus become one of Russia's most cherished cultural heritages.
Architectural Features
The Kremlin is an unequal triangle. It covers an area of 275,000 square meters and has a circumference of more than 2 kilometers. Built in 1156, the original Suzdali Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoruky's estate, there are small wooden castle, called the "Tiginets". 1367 in the castle on the site of the construction of white stone walls, and then in the walls around the construction of the towers. In 1935 the towers of Spassk, Nikolai, Troitsk, Borowitz and Waldorf were each fitted with a five-pointed star of different sizes, made of red crystal stone and metal frames, and built with 5,000 watts of power illumination, which made them visible by day and by night.
Symbol of power
A Russian Putin's office building Si proverb describes the majestic and stately Kremlin: "Moscow earth, only to see the Kremlin towering; Kremlin on the Kremlin, only to see the distant sky." The Kremlin is Russia's secular and religious cultural heritage, it is both a political center and the center of activity of the Russian Orthodox Church from the 14th to 17th centuries AD. It used to be the palace of the many generations of kings who ruled the Russian Empire, was the seat of the highest authority and government of the Soviet Union after the October Revolution, and today serves as the presidential palace of Russia (the parliament and government have now moved out of the Kremlin). The Kremlin has been associated with all major political events in Russia since the 13th century A.D., and it has witnessed the entire history of Russia's development from a Grand Duchy of Moscow to the powerful nation it is today across Eurasia.
The Grand Kremlin
A plan of the Kremlin as it appeared in 1917 The Grand Kremlin is one of the main buildings in the Kremlin. Inside the Kremlin walls, the beautiful building with three rows of high windows facing the Moscow River is the Grand Kremlin, which was built on the site of the old palace from 1839 to 1849, and consists of the old Andreyevsky Hall and Aleksandrovsky Hall. The appearance of the Grand Kremlin is imitation of classical Russian style, all the halls and rooms of various architectural styles, coordinated and ornately decorated. The center of the palace is decorated with a variety of floral patterns of the attic, on which there is a higher than the main building of the copper dome, up to 13 meters, and there is a flagpole, the flag is hoisted on holidays. The interior of the Grand Kremlin is rectangular in shape, and upstairs there are 700 rooms with a total area of 20,000 square meters surrounded by terraces. Once upon a time, the first floor was the Tsar's private palace, except for political affairs, and a wide white staircase led to the second floor halls, where there were the Georgiev Hall, the Vladimir Hall, the Ekaterina Hall, and once upon a time the Andreev Hall, where the Tsar used to receive his ambassadors.
Georgiev Hall
Georgiev Hall is the most famous hall in the Grand Kremlin, a masterpiece of Russian craftsmanship. The hall is oval in shape, with six gold-plated chandeliers hanging from the dome. Each chandelier weighs 1,300 kilograms, and the dome and surrounding walls are painted with huge frescoes of battles won by the Russian army in the 15th to 19th centuries AD. At the front of the hall there are 18 columns topped with statues symbolizing victories. Today, Georgiev Hall is a traditional place for government welcoming ceremonies.
Red Square
Red Square is Moscow's oldest square and is located on the eastern wall of the Kremlin. Although it has been remodeled and constructed many times, it is still in its original state, and the road surface is still the stone road of the year, glazed and shiny, looking neat and rustic. In the 90s of the 15th century A.D., a fire broke out in Moscow, and after the fire, the open space became a square, so it was once called the "burning field", and in the middle of the 17th century A.D., it was called the "Red Square". In ancient Russian, the word "red" also meant "the church in the Kremlin", but the translation of the name only took the first interpretation of the meaning of the word "red", and over time, the word "red" came to mean "red". Over time, the name "Red Square" is so used today.
The square has a total area of 90,000 square meters and is rectangular in shape, long from north to south and narrow from east to west. The large-scale construction of Red Square took place after 1812. Napoleon's army set fire to Moscow, after which the city was rebuilt and Red Square was widened. after the victory of the October Revolution in 1917, Moscow became the capital city, and Red Square became the place for people to hold celebrations, rallies and military parades. Lenin's Mausoleum is located in Red Square in front of the Kremlin Palace wall right in the center.
Perfect church architecture
The Kremlin is also characterized by its church architecture. Inside the palace there is a Church Square, which is surrounded by four churches: the Church of the Twelve Apostles, the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Church of the Annunciation and the Church of St. Michael. But the most beautiful church is St. Vasiliy's Cathedral on the Red Square, which is known as "a fairy tale painted in stone". It was built by Ivan IV and consists of nine towers of varying heights, the tallest of which is the square tower in the center, which is 17 meters high. Although the nine towers are different from each other in style and color, they are in perfect harmony. More rare is that it and the Kremlin's large and small palaces, churches with a special mood, for the whole Kremlin color a lot. It is said that when this church was completed, Ivan IV, in awe, to prevent the designer to design a better, more perfect building, even ordered to gouge out his eyes.
Ivan the Great Clock Tower
People look at the Kremlin from a distance, it is not difficult to find a building stands high in the group of buildings, there is a sense of cranes. This tall building is the Church Square on the Ivan the Great clock tower. It is 81 meters high and was used as a signal tower and watchtower in ancient times. On the left side of the bell tower is the 40-ton Cannon King and on the right side is the famous Bell King. These two behemoths have never been used, but they show the skill of Russian craftsmen in casting.
The Bell King
The Bell King is 5.87 meters high, 5.9 meters in diameter, and weighs about 200 tons. It was cast on November 20, 1735, and is known as the world's largest bell. The wall of the bell is cast with exquisite statues and decorations, such as the statues of Tsar Alexei and Empress Anna, and five images of gods and goddesses. However, it cracked on the first stroke after it was cast. The Encyclopedia Americana called it "the bell the world has never rung". King of Bells
King of Cannons
Built in 1586, this cannon weighs 40 tons and has a 0.92-meter diameter muzzle, which can be climbed into by three people at the same time. On display in front of the cannon are four stacked shells, each weighing two tons. There are also beautiful reliefs on the gun rack, including the Tsar Fedor statue.
The King of Cannons
The Kremlin Treasures
The Kremlin deserves to be called a large museum and a temple of art. There was originally a large arsenal in the palace, which Peter the Great converted into a museum in 1720. The museum houses many valuable artifacts, including items used by successive tsars, fine art crafts, and looted war trophies. Crowns, statues, crosses, armor, gowns and tableware are encrusted with precious stones - the cover of the Gospels alone contains 26 kilograms of gold and countless other gems, while the Golden Throne of the Emperor Gothenburg is encrusted with 2,000 jewels. Walking through the palace is like witnessing the lavish life of the tsars. In addition, the collection of artifacts and treasures in the four churches is extraordinary. The walls of the churches are adorned with icons framed in gold; the icons in the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary are from Greek painters and are of great value; and the caskets of the tsars in the Church of St. Michael are decorated with great splendor.
Kremlin Auditorium
Kremlin Auditorium is in the center of the triangular Kremlin complex, built in early 1960, put into use in October 1961, with a total floor area of 600,000 square meters, is the most spectacular auditorium in Moscow and Russia. This magnificent building of white Ural marble and glass structure unites the features of modern architecture and traditional Russian architectural style.
The Kremlin Auditorium is also a modern theater. There are 6,000 comfortable seats, which radiate outward in a semicircle with the podium at the center. Each seat is equipped with electronic voting and simultaneous interpretation system. The podium that is the stage area of 450 square meters, lighting, sound, scenery and other facilities, and can accommodate a symphony orchestra music pool. Surrounding the theater is a bright and spacious rest hall. The highest floor of the Great Hall The former Senate House is a 900-square-meter banquet hall. 1/3 of the entire building of the Great Hall was built on the ground floor, mainly office space, the entire building **** 800 offices.
The Kremlin's Great Hall is a place where Russia holds important meetings, festivals and awards and honors, as well as a place for ordinary people to enjoy ballet, listen to concerts and watch fashion shows. Russian groups perform here, and famous artists from all over the world also perform here. The auditorium also regularly organizes popular ballet and other performances for the general public and young people.
Overall Description
Within the palace walls, the forest is lush, flowers and grasses flourish, churches tower, the temple is lofty, the government building rises up, a variety of museums are interspersed. Religious buildings in the first of the magnificent Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, built in the late 15th century, its mountain arches and golden towers, with the style of northeastern Russia, has been the Russian emperor held the coronation ceremony place. The Church of the Annunciation, built a little later than the Cathedral of the Assumption, is a beautiful church with nine golden domes and is the place of baptisms and marriages of the royal family's children and grandchildren. The Cathedral of the Angels, built in the early 16th century, is the burial place of the emperors of Moscow Park before Peter the Great.
Features of the buildings
The 81-meter-high Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest building in the Kremlin. Built in the early 16th century, it was originally three-storied and was increased to five-storied in 16 00, crowned with a gold dome. From the third floor upwards, it becomes smaller and smaller, and its appearance is in the form of eight-sided prisms stacked on top of each other. In 1532-1543, a four-storey cubic bell tower was built to the north of it, and in the summer of 1624, the Philatelic bell tower was built in white stone. The lower floor is now used as
Ivan the Great Clock Tower Kremlin Museum, which exhibits gold and silverware and other objects. All the bell towers*** have 21 large bells and more than 30 small bells. If you go up the steps of the Ivan the Great Clock Tower and climb to the top of the tower, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Moscow.
The north corner of the Kremlin is the old Arsenal, now the Weapons Museum; the west corner is the Palace of Weapons, now the Weapons Museum.
The Ureng Palace, one of the oldest palaces in the Kremlin, was built in 1487-1491. It is the most distinctive of the Kremlin's palaces, and the Throne of the Russian Emperor is set here.
The Grand Kremlin is the main palace of the Kremlin, located in the southwestern part of the Kremlin, 1839 ~ 1849 construction, for the two-storey building, the upper floor has a terrace around. In the center of the palace is the attic decorated with various floral motifs, on which there is a bronze dome above the main building and a flagpole, which raises the national flag on holidays. The first floor of the front hall is decorated with marble, malachite and bronze, fine porcelain and furniture of the 19th century; on the second floor there are the Georgiev Hall, the Vladimir Hall and the Ekaterina Hall. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, a statue of Lenin stood on the podium of the hall. In the front of the hall there are 18 columns topped with statues. Before the collapse of the USSR, the Great Kremlin was the venue for meetings of the Soviet government, the Central Committee of the USSR and public organizations.
During the Soviet era, several new white buildings were constructed in the Kremlin, including one that housed Stalin's office. 1959-1961 saw the construction of the Kremlin's Congress Hall, a modern marble-and-glass structure with 800 suites of rooms, of which the 6,000-seat Congress Hall and the 2,500-seat Banquet Hall were the most magnificent. Important state events were often held here, which made it the "second largest theater in the USSR", and in 1967 a full-length statue of Lenin was erected in the Kremlin's gardens. A large part of the Kremlin's parks and monuments are open to the public and are crowded with tourists.
The famous "Kremlin bells", which originated from the autoharp in the Spasskaya Tower, were installed in 1851-1852. It is connected to the chronometer of the Observatory, which is the most accurate.
The tower is 67.3 meters high, and the gate below is the main access to the Kremlin, although in the past all those entering should take off their hats or be punished by bowing 50 times.
West of the Kremlin is the Alexander Garden and the Tomb of the Unknown Martyr. Newlywed couples come here to lay flowers.
The Maneesh underground shopping mall and square have now been built to blend in with the gardens. Fountains and statues are everywhere. The Tomb of the Unknown Martyrs, on the other hand, is solemn and was built just before Victory Day in 1967 to honor those who died in World War II. The tombstone has a long flame that has been burning since it was lit. The tombstone is inscribed with the words, "Your name is unknown, your achievements will live forever." When foreign leaders come, they come here to lay flowers. There's also a changing of the guard ceremony for National Post No. 1.
To visit the Kremlin, you have to pass by the "Kutafia Tower". First of all, you will see the Conference Building, a modern building with 6,000 seats and a luxurious interior, which, in addition to meetings, also serves as a place for high-level performances.
Further ahead, you will see the Cannon King and the Bell King. The Cannon King has a history of more than 400 years, weighing 40 tons with a diameter of 0.92 meters. In front of the cannon, there are four shells piled up, each weighing 2 tons. On the frame of the gun there is a beautiful relief with the image of Tsar Fedor. It was never used because it was too heavy and too big.
The King of Bells, deservedly so, weighs 202 tons, is 6.14 meters high and 6.60 meters in diameter. It is four and a half times heavier than the Yongle Bell in Beijing. It took two years to cast in 1735, but because of the fire, the bell fell off a piece, weighing 11.5 tons. The bell was cast with the statues of Tsar Aleksei and Empress Anna, as well as statues of gods and goddesses.
Next to the King of Bells is the Ivan the Great Bell Tower built of white stone. It is 81 meters high. It used to be the highest point in Moscow. Inside the building hangs a dozen ancient bells of various sizes. Whenever they ring, they can be heard from a long way away.
A little further on is Church Square, the oldest square in Moscow, where the white stone church is the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, (also known as Ussitsky), where successive grand dukes and tsars have been crowned. Built in 1480, it was constructed by an Italian architect.
On the right side of the square is the Church of the Annunciation, also known as Blagoveshchinsky, near the banks of the Moscow River. Small but most charming, it is the palace's house chapel and the place where royal weddings are held, and it retains some of Russia's oldest iconostasis frescoes.
On the opposite side of the Church of the Angels is the tombs of the kings. After moving the capital to Petersburg, the emperors were buried in Petrograd's "Peter and Paul Cathedral".
The Grand Kremlin, the palace of the tsars, is domed by a white, blue and red Russian flag. It now houses the office of the Russian president, but unfortunately no tours are allowed. Otherwise you might have bumped into Dmitry Medvedev!
A little further down, there's the Hall of Arms and the Hall of Diamonds, which is actually the Array of Valuables of the Russian Tsars, built in 1851. It used to be a place where weapons were manufactured and stored. Famous items in the collection are: the crown, the solid gold scepter and standard, Ivan the Terrible's ivory throne, Tsar Alexei's diamond treasury, as well as Ekaterina II's wedding gowns, saddles and sabers encrusted with precious stones. There is also a 17th century "Bible" with 3017 jewels on a silver cover. It's all worth a fortune.
The Kremlin Wall Necropolis
The Kremlin Wall Necropolis (Russian: Некрополь у Кремлёвской стены) is a section of the Kremlin wall in Moscow, which encircles the perimeter of the Kremlin and overlooks the famous landscape of Red Square. Red Square. The former Soviet government buried several nationally and internationally renowned ****producer leaders here for remembrance and veneration.
The first people to be buried in Red Square on November 10, 1917, were those who were awarded medals by the Military Revolutionary Committee for their revolutionary achievements during the October Revolution in Russia. Later, the Russian government buried 238 soldiers of the Red Army in the two cemeteries, and in the fall of September 25, 1919, several high-ranking Bolsheviks were buried here, including Vladimir Zagorsky and some members of the ****-production party who were killed during the White Terror.
Dorogomilovsky Soviet "People's Committee for Post and Telecommunications" building bombing victims Vadim Podbelsky, the American journalist John Reed (reporter), the Secretary of the Moscow City Council Feodor Artyom, a former Soviet diplomat. Vaclav Vorovsky and Peter Voikov, as well as many other prominent people, are also buried here.
In 1924 Lenin's tomb became the center of the "Red Square Cemetery of the Kremlin". The "Red Square Cemetery" is behind Lenin's Tomb and can be reached on foot from the Kremlin Tower Complex
(Kremlin Wall Cemetery see right)
. Many famous people are buried here, including: Yakov? Sverdlov, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Mikhail Voronzhi, Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin, Marshal Zhukov, Andrei Zhdanov, Joseph Stalin, Kliment Voroshilov, Semyon Bujuni, Mikhail Suslov, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko. The cemetery also contains their tombstones and monuments. On both sides of the Senatskaya Tower, the Soviet government placed the ashes of many famous people. They include leaders of the Soviet ****production party and of ****production parties around the world from 1925 to 1984, political and military leaders, scientists and cultural figures, writers. Some of the deceased Soviet astronauts, such as the first Earthling to go into space, Gagarin, as well as the space experiment program was killed in the Union 1, the Union 11 Soviet astronauts are buried in the large cemetery, presided over the "Soviet space program" of the Chief Rocket Engineer Sergei Korolev is also buried in this.
In 1967, Soviet authorities built and opened the Tomb of the Unknown Martyrs next to the Kremlin wall in Alexander Park.
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The Kremlin in World War II
During World War II, Stalin had been in the Kremlin to direct the fight against German fascism in the Patriotic War, in the German planes bombardment, the Kremlin has not suffered any major damage, can not be said to be a miracle. A few days ago just declassified the Russian State Archives preserved 64 years of top-secret documents unveiled the creation of this miracle of the biggest contributor: careful camouflage.
A month after the outbreak of the Patriotic War, for German pilots, the Kremlin suddenly and mysteriously disappeared from Moscow, often unable to find the target and complete the bombing mission. At the time, the Kremlin was the seat of the Soviet government and was the primary target of the German fascists when they bombed Moscow. The archives have preserved a picture of the targets that German pilots had to have before carrying out their bombing missions, with three main targets clearly marked: Kremlin 1 (Stalin's seat of office), the Grand Kremlin, and Lenin's Tomb. However, during bombing missions, even on clear, cloudless days, most fascist ace pilots were not only unable to locate the above targets, but could not even spot the Kremlin.
It turned out that, on Stalin's orders, the "chief magician" Beria was responsible for the execution, and for 30 days after the beginning of the war, the Kremlin did a great deal of magic, and was carefully camouflaged.
On June 26, 1941, Major General Spiridonov, Commander of the Kremlin Police, delivered a secret letter to Beria, Vice Chairman of the People's Commissariat of the USSR, beginning with the words "According to your instructions", reporting on the concept of camouflage, the main purpose of which was to camouflage the city of Moscow on the basis of the overall background to increase the number of enemy planes to look for the Kremlin in the event of an approaching air raid. The main purpose was to camouflage the Kremlin on the basis of the general background of the city of Moscow, to make it more difficult for enemy planes to locate the Kremlin in the event of an approaching air attack, and to minimize the possibility of dive-targeted bombing of individual buildings within the palace. The main measures were the elimination of the glitter of the golden domes of the churches in the palace with the help of paints and powders, and the laying of a variety of simulacra inside the palace and on the nearby squares to confuse the enemy.
The red stars on the towers and the crosses on the churches in the Kremlin were covered with sheaths, and the towers as a whole and the domes of the churches were painted black and covered with sacks. With reference to the dimensions of the Kremlin walls, various camouflage models were built, imitating part of the outlines of Red Square and Manezh Square. The houses in the palace were camouflaged to look very much like theaters, and some of the buildings in the Taynets Garden were covered with cloth roofs. The bright yellow color of the buildings on the front of the Kremlin and the mostly green tops of the various buildings inside were very conspicuous in comparison to the predominantly red and maroon tops of the buildings in the city of Moscow. According to the general concept of camouflage, all buildings were painted in the background colors of Moscow architecture, and only after the war were they restored to their original appearance.
Also, between the Borovets Gate and the Savior Tower, sand was sprinkled all over and a thoroughfare was laid out, which looked to pilots from the air like an ordinary highway. The bend in the Moskva River next to the Kremlin also changed its usual shape, and between the Moskva Lets Bridge and the Boulder Bridge, another wooden bridge was constructed, which, despite the fact that no pedestrians were walking on it, looked like the real thing from the air. The shape of Lenin's tomb also became unrecognizable, with huge red banners covering the podiums on the left and right, and a huge wooden model of a 3-story building built directly above.
This 3-storey model was temporarily dismantled for the famous parade on November 7, 1941, when Stalin stepped up to the podium at exactly 9:00 a.m. and delivered a 5-minute speech, and the Red Army officers and men on parade marched directly from Red Square to the battlefield. However, due to the strict secrecy of the parade preparation operation, the news documentary team responsible for filming Stalin's parade scene was not notified in advance, and as a result, missed Stalin's speech, and only photographed the troops on parade scene. A week later, in the Sverdlovsk Hall, Building 1 of the Kremlin, a wooden model of Lenin's tomb rostrum was constructed, and Stalin, once again wearing a military coat and a large-brimmed military hat, repeated his famous parade speech for the cameras. Later, this "fake" footage was brought to the screen several times, but viewers did not know that it was not the "real" original speech of Stalin's Red Square parade.
The Kremlin's camouflage during the Patriotic War may be considered "child's play" in the face of today's sophisticated weaponry and modern air and space reconnaissance systems, but at the time it was very effective. After the camouflage, the number of air raids by the Luftwaffe on the Kremlin was significantly reduced - only five in 1941, three in 1942, and none after that, thus preserving this unique building in the world, and the German fascists' attempts to eliminate the top leadership of the USSR were unsuccessful. As for the fact that some fascist pilots were still able to find targets and bomb the Kremlin, it was mainly due to the fact that sometimes the rain washed away part of the camouflage, the snow made the color camouflage ineffective, exposing the architectural contours of the Kremlin, and it is possible that the German fascists got information about the target through spies operating in the city of Moscow. The Palace of Weapons Between 1941-1942, German aircraft*** dropped 152 aluminum heat bombs and 15 fragmentation demolition bombs on the Kremlin, the first bombing was on July 22, 1941, when a bomb weighing 250 kilograms landed on the Grand Kremlin and failed to explode, penetrating the roof and the ceiling of Georgi Hall and falling to the floor. In all the bombings, the Kremlin did not suffer much damage and did not start a single fire, except for the deaths of 100 guards, the breaking of many doors and windows, and the disruption of communications. And 15 percent of the German planes that rushed toward the Kremlin were shot down under the attack of anti-aircraft weapons deployed on Arbat Street, the Tver Street Garden and other locations.
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Restoration
On November 27, 1978, experts in Moscow restored the Kremlin building. The entire restoration project continued into the 1980s.
Built in 1156, the Kremlin's architectural form is a blend of different Byzantine, Russian, Baroque and Greco-Roman styles. This ancient citadel now serves not only as the seat of the Russian government, but also as a storage palace for Russian art treasures through the ages. The Kremlin is an imposing group of buildings in the center of the Russian capital, Moscow, on the banks of the Moskva River. "Kremlin" means "inner city" in Russian, it is the palace of the Russian emperors, after the October Revolution in more than 70 years has become the center of political activity in the former Soviet Union.
The Kremlin is the oldest palace in Moscow. 1156, Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoroki, in his fiefdom, built a small castle in wood, named "Dzerzhinets", and later expanded it several times, and then became the size of today. In fact, the Kremlin is a complex of mainly churches. Walking into the palace gate, there is the central church square paved with red stone. On the square stands three gold-domed cathedrals, next to the 15th century built the most prominent large Kremlin, which is a completely according to the Russian tradition of the construction of the Palace, also known as the Dolomite Palace, the second floor of the Dolomite Hall, the outer walls of the Dolomite Hall are to the Dolomite white stone, hence the name, was the Royal Wedding and the Czar to receive foreign ambassadors in the place. The tallest building is the white and gold-domed Ivan the Great Clock Tower, built in 1505-1508, which is 81 meters high and contains more than 50 bronze bells. Outside the Bell Tower there is the largest bell, 6.14 meters high, 6.6 meters in diameter, weighing more than 200 tons, with bas-reliefs, portraits and inscriptions engraved on the surface, which carries sound for 50 kilometers, and is the "King of Bells" in the world. It is the 18th century by more than 200 Russian craftsmen spent two years casting, is a monument to the Russian casting process, it is said that in order to get the best sound, in addition to copper and tin, but also added a few kilograms of gold and silver. With the bell king is accompanied by a 5.34-meter-long, 0.89-meter caliber, 40-ton "Cannon King", the ancient copper-cast cannon from 1540 to start building, until the completion of 1586, in the middle of the change of eight tsars, has not yet been used, a huge mouth of the cannon at the same time can be climbed into the two, three people. Next to it is the imposing Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, with its five golden domes gleaming with gold, where the tsar was crowned and where the great literary figure Lev Tolstoy was excommunicated. To the west is the Church of the Annunciation, and to the south is the Cathedral of the Angels, which is the burial place of Moscow's emperors before Peter the Great, and where Ivan the Terrible is buried. In the west corner of the Kremlin is the Palace of Weapons, which is now the Museum of Weapons and contains a collection of ancient Russian shields, swords and other weapons. In addition, there are large gardens in the palace, with many flowers and trees. The entire palace city plane is triangular, covering an area of 275,000 square meters, the perimeter of the vermilion battlements, the palace wall walks on 15 high and low, different shapes of the towers, five of the highest towers on the top of the installation of a 6-meter-diameter red crystal five-star, regardless of the day and night, the red star will always shine in Moscow.
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Tourist information
Opening hours: 10:00 - 18:00 every day except Thursday
Tips: 1. No one is allowed to enter the building in shorts or improperly dressed;
2. Tours of the Government Office Building and the Parliamentary Office Building are not permitted.
Route: Take the subway and get off at Alexandra Gardens station.
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Best time to visit
Russia has a temperate and subcold continental climate. Winters are long and cold, summers are short and cool, and the spring and fall seasons are very short. The best time to visit is usually summer or winter. Sometimes the winds are too strong in summer, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is so great that it is best to bring a thin jacket just in case. It is also a good idea to visit in the short fall, from mid-September to early October, though the peak season for sightseeing and shopping is over, and you can still enjoy Russian art performances! Located at a high latitude, the climate is complex and varied, with both temperate, subfreezing and boreal climatic features, spanning natural zones of tundra, coniferous forests, forest-steppe and steppe from north to south.
Most areas of the climate of the continental strong, only the northwestern coastal areas with oceanic climate characteristics, the Far East region of the Pacific coast has a monsoon climate characteristics. Russia's rainy season is mostly in the summer, with the most rain in July and August. The Russian Federation winter is dry and cold, the temperature are below zero.