Introduction of Victor Hugo

Introduction to Victor Hugo

Victor Hugo was the leader of the French Romanticism movement and one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. His life spanned almost the entire 19th century, and his literary career spanned 60 years of enduring creativity. His Romantic

novels are wonderfully moving and eloquent, and have a permanent fascination for readers.

Hugo was born in 1802 in the city of Chausson in southern France. Grandfather was a carpenter, his father was an officer in the army of the **** and the country, had been Napoleon's brother, King Joseph Bonaparte of Spain, awarded the rank of general, is this king's close and important ministers.

Hugo was gifted and began to write poetry at the age of 9. At 15, he wrote "The Joy of Reading", which was rewarded by the French Baccalaureate; and at the age of 20, for the publication of his collection of poems, "Ode and Miscellany", King Louis XVIII granted him an annuity.

In 1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the play was not performed, the preface was

considered the manifesto of French Romanticism and became an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It played a great role in promoting the development of French Romantic literature.

In 1830, Hugo's play "Eunanes" was staged in the Grand Théatre de la Cour de France, which had a great impact and established the dominant position of Romanticism in the French literary scene.

"Eunanes" is a story about a noble-born bandit Eunanes who rebelled against the king in 16th-century Spain. Hugo praised the bandit's chivalry and nobleness, and showed a strong anti-feudal tendency.

July 1830, France, the "July Revolution", the feudal restoration dynasty was overturned. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, glorified those revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn those heroes who died in the street battles.

Notre Dame de Paris, published in 1831, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twisted and strange,

tense and vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.

The story takes place in the Middle Ages. "On April Fool's Day, wandering gypsies performed songs and dances in the square, and a gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted passers-by with her beautiful and graceful dance.

At that moment, Claude Frollo, the deputy bishop of Notre Dame de Paris, was instantly enamored of the beautiful Melada, and, with the fire of lust burning within him, fell madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell-ringer, the strangely ugly-looking Quasimodo, to snatch Esmeralda. As it turned out, Fabi, the captain of the French king's bow, saved Esmeralda and captured Quasimodo. He takes the bell-ringer to the square to be flogged, and the kind Gypsy girl brings water to Quasimodo to drink instead of forgetting her former grudge.

The bell-ringer, who was ugly on the outside but pure and noble on the inside, was very grateful to Esmeralda and fell in love with her. Naive Esmeralda falls in love with Fabi at first sight, and when the two go out on a date, Frollo quietly follows behind, and out of jealousy, he stabs Fabi with a knife and escapes. Instead, Esmeralda is sentenced to death for murder. Quasimodo snatched Esmeralda from under the gallows and hid her in Notre Dame de Paris. Frollo took the opportunity to threaten the Gypsy girl to fulfill his lust, and when he was refused, he handed her over to the king's army and the innocent girl was hanged. Enraged, Quasimodo pushes Frollo off the church and falls to his death, and he embraces Esmeralda's body and dies as well.

The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, but also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower class people.

After the July Revolution, France established the "July

Dynasty," which was ruled by the big bourgeoisie led by the financier Louis Philippe. The July dynasty continued to woo Hugo, who was elected to the French House of Bachelor in 1841, and in 1845, Louis Philippe made him Secretary of the Nobility of France, and a member of the House of Peers. Hugo's passion for struggle in his writing waned, and in 1843 he wrote a mystical play, The Garrison Officer, which was a failure when staged and applauded by the audience. Hugo was silent about this and did not write for almost 10 years.

In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July dynasty, and established the **** and state. At first Hugo did not understand the revolution, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the **** and the State, Hugo became a staunch **** andist.In December 1851, Louis Bonaparte staged a coup d'état, and Hugo took part in the anti-coup uprising organized by the **** andists. Louis Bonaparte came to power and established the Second French Empire. He practiced a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile.

During the period of exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle against Napoleon III. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems, and fiercely attacked the dictatorial rule of Napoleon III. During this period, he published his long novels Les Miserables, The Sea Laborer and The Laughing Man.

"Les Miserables" is Hugo's masterpiece. The plot of the novel is roughly like this: Jean Valjean, a poor laborer of peasant origin, once saw his sister's several children crying with hunger, so he went to steal bread, and was unfortunately caught and sentenced to five years in prison. He escaped from prison several times, and when he was caught, he was sentenced to an additional ****14 years in prison, resulting in 19 years in prison for a loaf of bread. After his release from prison, Jean Valjean was looked down upon everywhere, without a job or food, and he vowed to take revenge on society. At this point, a bishop named Miriam converted him, and he resolved to do good and be a good man.

Under the name of Madelan, he set up a factory in a city and became a rich man. He provided employment for the poor, fed them, gave them houses, and he was so helpful in every way that he was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, there came to the city a girl named Mundine, who was originally from the countryside, came to the city to work as a laborer, and was lured into giving birth to a daughter. She put her daughter, Cosette, up in the house of an innkeeper, who was a villain, and took advantage of the opportunity to blackmail her, and Mantin was forced to sell her beautiful hair, her beautiful teeth, and sold herself as a whore, and at last was so poor that she fell ill that she died, and Jean Valjean, hearing of this, went at once to take care of her, and promised to nurse her daughter, Cosette, after her death.

Then the policeman Javert was on the hunt for the daughter, and the police were on the lookout for her. At this time, the police Javert is hunting for Valjean, a hard laborer who has disappeared for many years, in the city of Madeleine, he captures a poor worker, believing him to be Valjean, and prepares to send him to prison, in order to save this innocent worker, Valjean steps forward and voluntarily admits his identity. He falls back into the hands of the police and on his way to prison, he manages to escape.

Valjean immediately finds Cosette and takes her into hiding in a secluded convent. As the years pass, Cosette grows into a beautiful young woman who falls in love with a **** and party man named Marius.In 1832, a **** and party-led uprising breaks out in Paris, which is suppressed by the bloody July dynasty, and when Marius is seriously wounded, Jean Valjean risks his life to get him out through the sewers. At this point, Javert blends into the ranks of the insurgents to reconnoiter, is captured and sentenced to death, and it is up to Valjean to carry out the order to shoot Javert, but Valjean sets Javert free. Javert, ashamed before the noble character of Valjean, throws himself into the river.

Cosette and Marius are married and the young people are very happy. Valjean lives a lonely life alone, and at last he dies in Cosette's arms.

Les Miserables exposes the sharp contradictions and the disparity between the rich and the poor in the capitalist society, depicts the painful destiny of the lower class people, and puts forward the three urgent problems of the society at that time: "Poverty makes the men downtrodden, hunger corrupts the women, and darkness makes the children frail," violently attacking the hypocrisy of the bourgeois law. It comprehensively reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the 19th century.

So the novel was welcomed by people all over the world. In the 20th century, it was adapted into a movie many times, which also attracted countless audiences.

The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, and after France's defeat at Sedan, the Prussian army pushed straight into Paris. At this critical moment of national crisis, Hugo returned to his country after 19 years of exile. He gave speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German invaders and defend their motherland. He also used the money he got from his writings and recitation of poems to buy 2 cannons, showing his noble patriotic spirit.

When the Paris Commune rose, Hugo did not understand the revolution. But when the Commune failed, the reactionary government frantically suppressed the members of the Commune, Hugo and angrily condemned the reactionaries of the beast, he called for amnesty for all the members of the Commune, and announced in the newspaper that his own home in the Belgian capital, Brussels, for the members of the exile as a refuge. In response, his home was attacked by a reactionary mob, and he himself narrowly escaped death, but he still stood his ground.

In 1885, Hugo died. The people of France gave the great poet a state funeral. His body was laid to rest in the Pantheon, which is dedicated to the burial of great men.

Biography of Hugo

In the modern world, only Western Europe is the most developed, and France is a center of Western Europe. It became the most powerful feudal monarchy in Western Europe in the 17th century, followed by the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Empire, the July Revolution of 1830 and the February Revolution of 1848, the Franco-Prussian War, the Paris Commune and so on, all of which are known to all, making France the center of the world's attention and influencing Europe and even the whole world.

The 19th century was the most turbulent time in French society, but the turbulent social life is the hotbed of all kinds of literary ideas, so for the development of literature, the 19th century is the most brilliant era in the history of French literature, Hugo, Balzac and Zola and other glorious names, and it is from this that spread throughout the world.

Victor Hugo was born on February 26, 1802, at the height of Napoleon's empire. His father was a general in Napoleon's ministry, and his mother was a supporter of the royal family. The two men separated because of a disagreement, and Hugo followed his mother. He was gifted and loved to read, writing thousands of lines of poetry in his early teens. As a result of his mother's conservatism, Hugo was a royalist sympathizer in his youth and won prizes for his poems celebrating the dynasty and Catholicism, and at the age of seventeen he founded with his brother a publication called The Literary Conservative, which was published in 1922 as a collection of odes, and which was rewarded with a gratuity by Louis XVIII. In 1925 he wrote a poem in praise of Charles X, which was received by the king as an audience and a gift.

In 17th-century France, Louis XIV, the "Sun King," became a role model for monarchs, and classicism, which served absolute kingship, was born. Classicism advocates rationality, glorifies the princes and nobles, from court etiquette to noble salons, from food and clothing to speech and behavior, all to pay attention to nobility and elegance. As a result of the influence of classical culture, everything in France became an example to be imitated by the courts of European countries, and people in the upper class were proud to speak French. Thus the reign of classicism in Europe lasted for a couple of hundred years until it was overthrown by romanticism in the 1820s.

It was in the 1920s that Victor Hugo gradually shifted from a conservative standpoint to Romanticism. 1827, Hugo published his play Cromwell, in which he violently attacked all the precepts of Classicism in the preface, advocated that everything that exists in nature can be the subject of art, and put forward the aesthetic principle of contrasting the beautiful with the ugly, which made the preface a manifesto of the Romantic literary movement. The staging of his play Ernani marked the triumph of Romanticism over Classicism. A series of his plays were in opposition to the rules of classicism, such as Marillon de Lormer (1831), which celebrated the love between a young man of commoner origin, Digger, and the prostitute Marillon; The King Takes His Pleasure (1832), which wrote of a commoner girl who falls in love with the king in disguise; and Mary Tudor (1833), in which the queen falls in love with a favorite minister, while Luy Brace (1838), with which the queen falls in love, is actually a man who is in love with the king in disguise. queen falls in love with a servant, and so on.

In the meantime, he published a number of books of poetry and novels. Among them are the exotic "Oriental Collection" (1829), which sympathizes with and supports the Greek national liberation struggle; "Autumn Leaves" (1831), which describes the family life and inner feelings, and expresses sympathy and compassion for the poor and the suffering; "Twilight Songs" (1835), which hails the July Revolution and sings of love; "Heartfelt Voices" (1837), which satirizes the rich class and preaches philanthropy, and "Light", which attempts to guide the people spiritually. (1837), which satirized the rich class and promoted philanthropy, and The Collection of Light and Shadow (1840), which attempted to guide the people spiritually. The contents of these collections of poems covered a wide range of subjects, including politics, philosophy, the motherland, the family, love, and miscellaneous feelings, while focusing on innovations in the form of verses and language, with a touch of Romanticism. His novel The End of a Death Row (1829), which calls for the abolition of the death penalty, and Notre Dame de Paris (1831), which contrasts the ugly but kindly bell-ringer Quasimodo with the moralistic but cruel and despicable Vice Bishop Frollo, have become household names, and are well known to the ****.

Hugo supported the July Revolt of 1830 and, as the financial bourgeois rule of the July dynasty consolidated, adopted an attitude of compromise with reality. He was elected to the Académie fran?aise in 1841, and in 1845 he was made a member of the French Chamber of Peers by Louis Philippe, who conferred on him the title of "Secretary of State of France". On the one hand, he was active in politics, but on the other hand, his eldest daughter drowned in a lake while boating with her husband shortly after their wedding, and he suffered a heavy blow to his spirit, so he did not publish any works for nearly 10 years.

Hugo always wavered between a constitutional monarchy and a *** and system of government. He supported Louis Bonaparte in the presidential election of 1848 and later became the leader of the center-left faction in the National Assembly. 1851 Louis Bonaparte staged a coup d'état and restored the imperial system, calling himself Napoleon the Third. Hugo made speeches and inspired the people to revolt, but after being suppressed, he was forced to disguise himself as a typographer and fled to Belgium, and then lived in Jersey and Guernsey in England. This experience caused a fundamental change in Hugo's thinking. During his 19 years of exile, he wrote diatribes exposing Napoleon III, such as Little Napoleon (1852), and at the same time, in close coordination with the real political struggle, he published poems such as The Collection of Punishments (1853), which satirized Napoleon III's perfidy, The Collection of Quiet Observations (1856), which had a variety of themes, and the large-scale epic Legends of Ages (1859), which were changed into a new form of poetry. 1859) and other poems, change the expression of personal feelings for the expression of national feelings, the expression of patriotic feelings, blowing the horn of the struggle against authoritarian rule, glorifying the light and progress, while using the expressive across the line, boldly change the syllables of the staccato, so that these feelings of exuberant, imaginative, colorful, image-rich poems become masterpieces of Romantic Poetry, and Hugo has become the outstanding fighter for democracy and the immortal national poet of France. French immortal national poet.

Hugo's will was firm, and in 1859, Napoleon III granted him an amnesty, but he refused to return to his country. During his exile, he completed his masterpiece Les Miserables, which exposed the "ignorance and poverty" of the society, showed his deep sympathy for the working people, and was a magnificent picture of history. The Sea Laborer (1866) is a novel about a fisherman, Gilliat, who fights for his love at sea, overcomes the winds, waves and octopus reefs, but later realizes that his fiancée is in love with a young priest, and ends his life in the sea water in order to fulfill other people's happiness, which is an ode to the spirit of self-sacrifice for others. The Laughing Man (1869) is based on England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, and contrasts the ugliness of the feudal aristocracy with the goodness of the laboring people through the misery of Guan Boren, a descendant of the aristocracy. These novels are rich in content, touching in plot, and imbued with the passion of romanticism that declares war on injustice, and thus have a shocking artistic power.

He also paid attention to the oppressed people of the world during his exile. 1860, the British and French forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, he wrote a letter denouncing the allied forces as robbers and condemning them for their criminal act of destroying the oriental culture; 1862, the French army invaded Mexico, he wrote a letter to call on the Mexican people to resist; 1863, he supported the Polish people's resistance against the Russian Tsar; 1868, he hosted the World Peace Congress in Lausanne, Switzerland. In 1863, he supported the Polish people in their struggle against the Russian czar; in 1868, he presided over the World Peace Congress in Lausanne, Switzerland. All these show that the humanitarianism he preached was not just empty talk, but was carried through and practiced.

When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870 and Napoleon was captured and collapsed, Hugo returned to France and was warmly welcomed by the people of Paris. He immediately threw himself into the battle to defend his country, delivering speeches, visiting the wounded, donating money to buy cannons. When the Paris Commune was suppressed, he appealed for amnesty for its members and offered his house in Brussels as a refuge for them, for which he himself was expelled by the Belgian government. At the same time he wrote his last full-length novel, The Ninety-Three Years (1874), about the Marquis de Lantenac, the leader of the counter-revolutionary rebellion, who was arrested while fleeing to save his three children from a fire, and for which Guo Wen, the commander of the army of the **** and the State, privately released the marquis, and was consequently sentenced to death by a court-martial. But the judge who sentenced him to death, Shemulden, was also very conflicted in his heart, and finally shot himself at the same time as Guo Wen was executed. The novel preaches the idea that "above all the problems of the world, there is the infinite mercy of the human heart", which should be said to be of progressive significance at the time when the uprising of the Paris Commune was brutally suppressed and the members of the Commune were facing the threat of death.

Hugo still insisted on creation in his later years, and completed the collection of poems "The Art of Being a Grandfather" (1877), "Legends of the Ages" of the second and third collections (1877, 1883), etc. On February 26, 1881, 600,000 Parisians marched in front of his window to celebrate his 80th birthday. In his will of 1883, he announced that he would give 50,000 francs to the poor, and that he wished his coffin to be carried to the cemetery in a poor man's funeral carriage.When he died on May 18, 1885, the government and people of France honored him with a magnificent state funeral, and a procession of two million people from France and all over the world carried his body into the Cemetery of the Greats

1827: "Cromwell" ( Cromwell) (play)

1829: les Orientales (poems)

1830: Hernani (play)

1831: Notre-Dame de Paris (novel)

1838:Ruy Blas (play)

1853:les Chatiments (poems)

1856:les Contemplations (poems)

1862:les Miserables (novel)

1869:L'Homme qui Rit (novel)

1859-1883:la Legende des siecles (poetry)

1874:Quatre-Vingt- Treize (novel)

1864: Quatre-Vingt- Treize (novel)

1864:Quatre-Vingt- Treize (novel)

1864:Quatre-Vingt- Treize (poem) Treize) (novel)

Victor Hugo

Victor? Victor Hugo (l802-1885) is one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature and a leader of the French Romantic movement. His life spanned almost the entire 19th century, and his literary career lasted 60 years, with an enduring creative force. His Romantic novels are wonderfully moving, eloquent and powerful, and have a permanent fascination for the reader.

Hugo was born in 1802 in the city of Béchancon in southern France. His grandfather was a carpenter, and his father was an officer in the army of the **** and state, and had been awarded the rank of general by Napoleon's brother, King Joseph of Spain? Bonaparte, and was a close and important adviser to that king.

Hugo talented, 9 years old began to write poetry at the age of 10 back to school in Paris, graduated from secondary school into the law school, but his interest lies in writing, 15 years old in the College of France to write the "reading music" by the French Baccalaureate awards, the age of 17 in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition" won the first place, 20 years old, published a collection of poems "Ode to the book", for singing the praises of the Bourbons. At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems called "Ode", which was rewarded by Louis XVIII for his glorification of the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, and he wrote a large number of exotic poems later on. Later, he was disappointed with both the Bourbons and the July dynasty, and became a ****harmonist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and plays. He wrote a large number of novels with a distinctive character and carried out his ideas.

In 1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the play was not performed, the preface is considered to be the manifesto of French Romanticism, and became an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It played a great role in promoting the development of French Romantic literature.

In 1830, Hugo's play Eunanes was staged in the Grand Théatre de la Cour de France, which had a great impact and established the dominant position of Romanticism in the French literary scene.

"Eunanes" is a story about a noble-born bandit Eunanes who rebels against the king in 16th-century Spain. Hugo praised the bandit's chivalry and nobility, and showed a strong anti-feudal tendency.

Notre Dame de Paris, published in 1831, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twisted, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.

The story takes place in the Middle Ages. "On April Fool's Day, wandering gypsies performed songs and dances in a square, and a gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted passers-by with her beautiful and graceful dance.

Then, Claude Frollo, the deputy bishop of Notre Dame, was struck by the beauty of the girl. Frollo was instantly enamored of the beautiful Melada, and with the fire of lust burning within him, he fell madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell-ringer, Gazimodo, who was a strange and ugly-looking man, to snatch Esmeralda. As it turned out, Fabi, the captain of the French king's bow, saved Esmeralda and captured Gazimodo. He took the bell-ringer to the square to be flogged. The kind Gypsy girl, not minding her former revenge, instead brought water for Gazimodo to drink.

The bell-ringer, who was ugly on the outside but pure and noble on the inside, was so grateful to Esmeralda that he fell in love with her. Naive Esmeralda falls in love with Fabi at first sight, and when the two go out on a date, Frollo quietly follows behind and out of jealousy, he stabs Fabi with a knife and escapes. Esmeralda, however, was sentenced to death for murder. Gazimodo snatched Esmeralda from under the gallows and hid her in Notre Dame de Paris. Frollo took the opportunity to threaten the Gypsy girl to fulfill his lust, and when he was refused, he handed her over to the king's army and the innocent girl was hanged. Gazimodo, enraged, pushes Frollo off the church and falls to his death, and he embraces Esmeralda's body and dies as well.

The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, but also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower class people.

After the July Revolution, France established a great bourgeoisie led by the financier Louis Philippe. After the July Revolution, France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie led by the financier Louis Philippe. The July dynasty continued to Hugo, Hugo was elected to the French Baccalaureate in 1841, and in 1845, Louis Philippe made him a member of the French House of Bachelor. In 1845, Louis Philippe made him the Secretary of the French Nobility and a member of the House of Peers. Hugo's passion for struggle in his writing diminished, and in 1843 he wrote a mystical play, The Garrison Officer, which was a failure when it was performed and applauded by the audience. Hugo was silent about this and did not write for almost 10 years.

In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July dynasty, and established the **** and state. At first Hugo did not understand the revolution, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to eliminate the **** and the State, Hugo became a staunch **** andist.In December 1851, Louis Xavier Bonaparte staged a coup d'état. Bonaparte staged a coup d'état and Hugo participated in the uprising against the coup organized by the ****heists. After Louis Bonaparte came to power, he established a new government. Louis Bonaparte came to power and established the Second French Empire. He practiced a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed those who resisted. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile.

During the period of exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle against Napoleon III. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems, and fiercely attacked the dictatorship of Napoleon III. During this period, he published his long novels Les Miserables, The Sea Laborer and The Laughing Man.

Under the name of Madeleine, he set up a factory in a city and became a rich man. He provided employment for the poor, fed them, gave them houses, and he was so helpful in every way that he was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, there came to the city a girl named Mundine, who was originally from the countryside, came to the city to work as a laborer, and was lured into giving birth to a daughter. She put her daughter Cosette in the house of an innkeeper, who was a villain, and took advantage of the opportunity to blackmail her, and Mantin was forced to sell her beautiful hair, her beautiful teeth, and sold herself as a prostitute, and finally became so poor that she was sick and dying, and Jean Valjean heard of this and immediately went to take care of her, promising to bring up her daughter Cosette after her death. At this time, the police Javert is hunting for Valjean, a hard laborer who has disappeared for many years, and in the city of Madeleine, he captures a poor laborer, believing him to be Valjean, and prepares to send him to prison; in order to save this innocent worker, Valjean steps forward and voluntarily admits his identity. He falls back into the hands of the police and on his way to prison, he manages to escape.

Cosette and Marius are married and the young people are very happy. Valjean lives a lonely life alone, and at last he dies in Cosette's arms.

The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, and after France's defeat at Sedan, the Prussian army pushed straight into Paris. At this critical moment of national crisis, Hugo returned to his country after 19 years of exile. He gave speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German invaders and to defend their motherland. He also used the money he got from his writings and recitation of poems to buy 2 cannons, showing his noble patriotic spirit.

In 1885, Hugo died. The people of France gave the great poet a state funeral. His body was laid to rest in the Pantheon, which is dedicated to the burial of great men.

The first Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded in 1901, but Hugo died in 1885, so despite his great literary achievements, he was not awarded the Nobel.

Quotations

The widest thing in the world is the ocean, wider than the ocean is the sky, and wider than the sky is the human heart.

The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who labor; in fact, these two kinds of people are one kind of people, for thought is also labor.

On top of an absolutely correct revolution there is an absolutely correct humanism.

Man holds three keys to his intelligence, one unlocking numbers, one unlocking letters, and one unlocking notes. Knowledge, thought, and fantasy are in them.

What the world lacks is perseverance, not stamina.

Boldness is the price paid for making progress.

It should be believed that one is strong in life.

The avenue of art is thorny, and that's a good thing; regular people shy away from it, with the exception of the strong-willed.

Whoever wastes their time, their youth will fade, and life will abandon them.

Laughter is like the sunshine that drives away the winter from people's faces.

It is better to refuse than to agree.

It is the human heart that releases infinite light, and it is the human heart that creates infinite darkness.

Books are the tools of the soul.

People can only survive with material things; people can only live with ideals.

Footsteps can not reach the place, vision can reach; vision can not reach the place, the spirit can fly to.

One more school, one less prison.

Life is to face the smile.

Man has two ears, one to hear the voice of God and one to hear the voice of the devil.

I would rather open my future by my own strength than to seek the favor of the powerful.

The first hunger of mankind is ignorance.

History

Born February 26, 1802, in Besancon, eastern France.

1819 Founded the biweekly journal Conservative Literature with the romantic poet Vigny and others***. First poem published in the journal.

1822 First collection of poems, Ode and Miscellaneous Poems. Married Edna at St. Sulpice Cathedral.

1825 Awarded the Medal of Honor for the coronation of Charles X. He was a member of the Order of Merit.

1827 Became a leader of the Romantic movement with the publication of the rhymed play "Cromwell" and the famous Romantic Manifesto.

1831 Completed the novel Notre Dame de Paris, a masterpiece of Romantic literature.

1841 Elected to the Académie fran?aise, he openly expressed his support for the constitutional monarchy.

1843 After the failure of his play Les Burgraves and the accidental death of his daughter Leopoldine, he stopped writing and turned to the political arena.

1845 Becomes a member of the aristocracy and is created Count Hugo.

1848 Founded the newspaper Le Chronique.

1850 Arrested and imprisoned, Hugo fled Paris under the name of Langevin.

1851 Louis Bonaparte declares an empire in a coup d'état and Hugo is forced into exile.

1853 A collection of satirical and political poems, The Book of Punishments, is published.

1862 The monumental social novel Les Misérables was published.

1868 Hugo's wife Edna dies.

1870 The Third **** and Government are established, ending nineteen years of exile and returning to Paris.

1871 Elected deputy to the National Assembly.

1876 Hugo was elected senator.

1883 Completes the third volume of Legends of the Century.

1885 On May 22, Hugo died in Paris. On June 1, Hugo's coffin was placed under the Arc de Triomphe for the public to admire, and he was buried in the Cemetery of the Greats in Paris.

Major works

1827: Cromwell (plays)

1829: les Orientales (poems)

1830: Hernani (plays)

1831: The Monster of the Clock Tower (Notre Dame) (The Notre-Dame de Paris (novel)

1838:Ruy Blas (play)

1853:Les Chatiments (poems)

1856:les Contemplations ) (poetry)

1862:Les Miserables (novel)

1869:L'Homme qui Rit (novel)

1859-1883:la Legende des siecles (poetry)

1859-1883:Legends of the Century (poems) siecles) (poem)

1874:Quatre-Vingt-Treize (novel)