Yongchang cymbal dance
Baoshan Yi, distributed in the Wafang, Wama, Wayao, Yangliu and Puhuo misty, on the river, Propaganda and other townships. Has a long history and culture, wipe cymbal is the Yi traditional dance and with martial arts nature. In Yi language, it is called "cymbal gathering". It is spread in Wafang's Xu Palm, Sikeshu, Bailongjing, Meilanshan, Yangliuba and other places. The dance is held at weddings and funerals. There are 4, 6, 8 and 10 dancers, and women are not allowed to dance, so the performers are all men, and there are suona, cymbals, cymbals, cymbals, gongs, drums, and snare drums. The performers often wear masks or disguise themselves as the Monkey King, the Tang Monk, the Eight Precepts, the Sand Monk, or the Yi Fairy, or other images. The cymbal player, that is, the leader of the dancers in the main dance, accompanied by accompanists around, because the leader of the dance is extremely active and changeable, and the rhythm is distinctive, the atmosphere is majestic, so it is called rubbing cymbals. It is called "rubbing cymbal" because the dances of the leader are extremely active and changeable, and the rhythm is distinctive and the atmosphere is majestic. It mostly adopts artistic routines such as jumping in pairs, cascading flowers, stirring the feet and erratic feet. On behalf of the Baoshan region to participate in the opening ceremony of the Third China Arts Festival held in Kunming, marching program performance and won the first prize for performance, the organization of the first prize.
De'ang water drum dance
De'ang ethnic group in Baoshan City has a population of nearly 1,000 people, living in Lujiangba Dagoubian, Baizhai, Mangyan. They have a rich and splendid traditional culture. The water drum dance is the unique ethnic dance of the De'ang in Baoshan. It is called "Ghaglendang" in De'ang language, and is mostly held during festive occasions. Leading dancers playing the water drums, cymbals, large mango rate of the crowd dance, water drums are the main props, before playing in the middle of a small hole in the drum body into about a pound of water or water wine, so that the drum surface is wet to the drum skin wet and named, wet water drums can send out a more distinctive sound. The water drum usually weighs 30 to 40 pounds, and the performer puts the water drum around his neck, bends his body slightly, strikes the drum with his hand, slaps the small head of the drum with his left hand, and hammers the large head of the drum with his right hand. Mangy cymbals are used to match, and the dance posture changes with a strong sense of rhythm.
Folklore
A, hit song
Hit song was originally Brown, Yi folk dance, the territory because it accounts for more than 80% of the Han Chinese with the Brown, Yi, by the influence of the hit song is not only limited to the Brown and Yi, the majority of Han and its minority ethnic groups have risen to hit song, the formation of the historical customs of the unity of the various ethnic groups hit song.
Playing songs to lusheng, three strings, scorn string (string), flute as a musical instrument, play the instrument, playing songs began, characterized by rough and generous, enthusiastic, fast-paced, the number of people, less unlimited, men, women and children collectively paddock step jumping, step in step neatly. Songs I that Yi step types of small songs, small companion flip, string flower song, heart and heart will think back (big flip) small flip, flies rub feet, stomping song, accompanied by drowning song, sows eat food, **** rat wolf whistle bee and so on. Some of the songs show labor and life, and some show love. Action to the foot is more, the change of the foot is the main, there are wringing waist, abducting knee, swinging arm, flinging hand, send crotch, stomping feet and so on.
Each song, a circle of the garden or several layers of the garden can be, men and women stand in a row can be inserted into the right or mixed, blowing the reed-sheng, flute, playing the three-stringed for the leader, blowing while playing the side dance, the rest of the men and women with their bare hands with the dance; a variety of forms. In the song-playing, the song-playing and jumping and the male and female song-playing and singing are performed at the same time. Those who do not know how to sing the tune dance wildly, and men and women who know how to sing the tune select each other and sing in pairs. Singing tune does not dance, only with the singing team walking. Singing tune is generally divided into two categories: disk song and free singing. Pan song is a question-and-answer style lyrics are relatively fixed, when singing the quiz have asked can not answer such as the male singing (asked): "days have a few treasures from where the chaos, the earth has a few treasures when the time is clear?" Female singer (answer): "There are three treasures in heaven: sun, moon and stars, and three treasures on earth: water, fire and gold." This kind of beat song tunes mainly include Pan "Twelve Flower Ming", "Twenty-four Flower Ming", "Xiang Gui Flower Name", "Sixty A Zi", "Pangu Dividing Heaven and Earth", "Xiang Zi Pan Tian He", "Building a Big Boat", "Ten Famous Flowers", and so on. Free singing is commonly known as flower song, also known as singing La Ai class singing tune without fixed lyrics, singing now, with the question of singing, more anthropomorphisms, metaphors, hyperbole, singing the benefits of the other side, telling their own modesty, if you sing: "your mother gave birth to you born in the land of silver and gold, my mother gave birth to me born in the rotten ground grass plantain forest".
The woman sang: "Gold, silver, wealth, Langjia have, rotten ground head grass sister's door".
The song is mostly seen in the night of the marriage in the farmhouse, marrying women (men) home to play the shed day night, marrying women to learn the day of the evening of the guest, the song program for the guest house after the withdrawal of the evening in the shed under the set of three, four tables set three animals pig head set and tea and fruits, the table under the cover of a rooster, where the song playing tunes to stick to the cock crows when the host will slaughter the rooster to wait for the song people.
The song has a long history, more popular after the founding of the country to 1996 during the 10 years, the "Cultural Revolution" period was called "yellow" and banned, the party's Third Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee to be restored after the 80's widely popular, 90 years later, because of their The popularity of video recording, television and VCDs made it less popular, and after 2000, when a new generation of musicians came out, it was back on the rise again.
B, mountain songs
Mountain songs are popular in the whole township, especially along the tropical rivers and valleys. Many young people in the early days of the founding of the country, had a private marriage because of the songs. There are many kinds of songs, in various forms. Singing is a self-pastime in the mountains and fields, is the most common form of mountain songs; singing comfort to seek love, mutual recounting of pain and suffering; group singing comfort to *** with the fun, chorus singing moody. Mountain song is not confined to the style, there is no fixed format, most of the scene to touch the feelings, the encounter and the sense of the present and now sing, sing the lyrics more to raise the love of the main, such as "not to the tea mountain on the price of tea, not to the sister of the school on the knowledge of the sister is famous". The antiphonal singing is largely the same as the floral antiphonal singing in the song-playing tunes. The songs are clear and pleasant to the ear, the voice is high, the dragging sound is too long, the sound is farther away, the singing voice is round and euphemistic, bright and clear, there are special trills and glides, and the female voice is more expressive.
C, folk songs
Folk songs, commonly known as "Xiaoqu" is to seven words and four lines for the first, the lyrics are relatively fixed form of a folk art, in the township from ancient times to the present day is widely spread, both for men and women to talk about love in the vernacular when the young people say, but also can be matched with the sheet music to sing, but also can be used for the mountain songs and singing tunes. Folk song genre remains unchanged, but there are more types, there are men and women in love, marriage, women's song; there are free love love songs; there are talking about the hardships of life's bitter songs; there are songs of praise **** under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the new life, the new atmosphere of the song; there is the loss of a loved one, suffered a disaster of the sad song, and so on. Example of a song. Ode to Chairman Mao, the great benefactor, who saved me from the pit, led us to revolution, and whose kindness is deeper than the ocean.
The women's song - The mast blossomed and loquat grew, my parents married me without discussion, the living were thrown into the pit of the dead, and I was told that my life was not strong. Love Song - The sugarcane is sweet in the month of Lunar New Year. I think of my sister's good favor every day, and when I get a glimpse of her today, I will not eat for three days. The watermelon is red, but the little sister is a pink flower. Bitter love song - Peach red to plum green, unlock the button is difficult to see the heart, husband and wife temperament can not close, mouth to eat the yellow lotus in the heart of bitterness.
In addition to the four lines of the folk song, there are also a number of systematic folk songs such as "December Tea Picking", "Twelve Handkerchiefs" and "December Embroidered Fragrance Sacks".
D, blowing suona
Blowing suona is commonly known as blowing. Suona a large small, are made of copper, commonly referred to as the evil spirits, large for the number, small for the fight. The number is made of two sections, thin and thick, the thin tube can be inserted into the thick tube, the total length of 1.6 meters, the palm of the number (hair number) when the thin tube from the thick tube pull out. No. tube without air holes, high and low volume, through the mouth of the trumpet sound. Playing, mouthed tube is made of wood, trumpet mouth and playing mouthed are made of copper. Wooden tube has scale air holes, and more straw or reed is used to make the mouthed whistle. When playing, the tone is clear, bright, high and mellow. Blowing can be a long period of time without stopping.
It is called an internal gas exchange function. Tone unchanged, the momentum is not reduced, mainly because of the special skills of gas exchange. Blowing the tune name , rich in content, wedding and joyous events have welcome tune, waiting for the guest tune, happy tune tune, urging people tune, over the hill tune, attending the tune, pressure shed tune, picking tea tune, call the guest tune, kowtow tune, separated from the mother of the tune and so on. In the funeral, there are cover-up tunes, hanging white tunes, crying mother tunes, funeral tunes, burial tunes and so on.
E. Lion Dance
The lion is divided into a golden lion and a burlap lion, and the lion dance is commonly known as the lion dance. The lion consists of three parts: the head, the body and the tail. The lion's head to do the head type of cement, with multi-layer paper framed, dry off the paper shell. To do the skeleton, painted with pigments and become, the lion body sewn by the white cloth, the lion hair lion tail made of hemp or sisal, and dyed in various colors.
Lions are often used in funerals or to celebrate holidays. Lion dance 3 to 4 people dance a rack, a person wearing a happy head mask, commonly known as the head of Maitreya Buddha or laughing monks, dressed in tumbled fur coat, holding a broom, in front of the lion head to tease the lion, a "Sun walker" holding mosquito broom in the lion after the lion. The performance program started by whirling the hall, known as the opening, Xi head that chanting, to the lion on the yard, performing a variety of fighting and juggling actions, such as on the bench, on the table, embroidery ball, etc., Xi head and walkers perform a variety of boxing and knife, gun, sword, halberd, and so on.
Folk customs
There are two types of festivals: modern festivals and traditional folk festivals. Modern festivals include January 1, New Year's Day, March 8, International Women's Day, May 1, International Labor Day, May 4, Youth Day, June 1, Children's Day, July 1, Party Founding Day, August 1, Army Day, and October 1, National Day. Modern festivals are all anniversaries of major historical events of the World Revolution and the Chinese Revolution, and are mostly celebrated popularly in institutions and schools, while rural areas are dominated by traditional folk festivals. Folk festivals teach a lot, but in the territory of the grand customary festivals only 12.
Spring festivals
A. Spring Festival.
The Spring Festival, commonly known as the New Year, is the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next year alternately, the time of the lunar month of the lunar month small 29, the month of the big 30, the first day of the first month of the following year, the first two, commonly known as the first day of the first year of the New Year, the first day of the first year of the second year of the New Year. New Year's custom is, on the thirtieth day of the New Year need to clothing, the first mattress and so on all washed, cleaned up the family, the New Year's day before the street to buy and purchase glutinous rice noodles, brown sugar, couplets, New Year's paintings, firecrackers, incense and paper fire and other New Year's goods. New Year's Day on the thirtieth day to slaughter chickens, cooking fish, planting incense stakes, New Year's pines, sticking couplets, door god, god of joy and so on. Next year, prepare a tray of tea, wine, rice, meat, etc.. To the temple of the mountain god firecrackers, offerings to the mountain god (commonly known as for the mountain), come back to light green incense, burn paper fire, offerings for the well, the god of the door, the god of the stove, home, etc., before sunset, the whole family ate a section of a sumptuous "reunion dinner", eat the whole family to gather and chat. After 1990, due to the popularity of television, most of the night to watch CCTV "Spring Festival Gala".
The first day of the Lunar New Year, is the beginning of a new year, people get up early in the morning to cook dumplings, first of all, with dumplings for the seven gods and homes of the seven masters of heaven and earth, the doorway, the family hall, the ancestors, Zaojun after electricity to eat dumplings.
On the second day of the Lunar New Year, early in the morning to cook, poop silk, (more bait silk after the 90's) the first offerings to the mountain gods, heaven and earth and home, ancestor Mendao and Zaojun after eating poop silk. Some residents commonly used on the second day of Lunar New Year to open the door of wealth, retreating fire god, dedication of the dragon, in order to seek a new year's source of wealth, the fire god to avoid seeking safety, and seek water wells into the water all year round.
New Year's special food is mainly used in the rice produced by the rice can be burned food, can also be cut into shredded boiled food, there are glutinous rice noodles made of dumplings.
New Year's Day, there is the custom of New Year's greetings, such as the children to the godfather and godmother, the new father and mother to pay tribute to the newly married men and women to pay tribute to their fathers-in-law among the family, the state organs and units there are to the retired, employees to pay tribute to the New Year and so on.
"Pull godfather"
Baoshan region, many local folk popular in a primitive way of friendship, from the point of view of folklore, the formation of this custom, and the backwardness of social production, and people in trouble when they are eager to be able to get outside the family to help this kind of The "help psychology" is related, so it is most common in the mountain villages where there is a lack of medical care and simple folk customs. In Baoshan City, Wanyao, Wama, Wafang and other mountain townships, "godfather" usually have two kinds of "pull" method, one is to recognize the target, consultation and marriage. That is, the mountain dolls can run away when the parents will be looking at their own neighboring villages and villages of people who know the wish, if the other party agrees, they will choose an auspicious day, kill chickens and cook meat, inviting friends and relatives, kowtow, take the name, to complete a should be "send name" formalities. It is said that the doll "inheritance" to the godfather, a change of name, it is not the son of the family, even if the "life" with a little disaster or something, but also to resolve the open.
Interestingly, there is another "pull" method - "listen to God's will, forced to pull hard to force". Using this method of marriage, can only be carried out on the second day of the New Year to the Lantern Festival this time. Want to "pull the godfather" of the family often choose a double day, by the man with a rooster, bacon and other food, before dawn to the village outside the small bridge and narrow road so that pedestrians must pass through the place of the horizontal pull a thin white line, and then in the vicinity of an ambush: no matter who, as long as you pass by this place and tripped off the white line, that is recognized as the in-laws, the ambusher will be darting! The ambushers will run out, bow their hands and call out "in-laws". "God's will" is difficult to disobey, usually, the visitor can only agree, otherwise it is to take the blame. So we buried pots and pans and cooked on the spot. After eating and drinking, then enter the village to "recognize the door" and hold a worship ceremony. If the visitor is a woman, of course, she is the "godmother"; if unmarried men and women, it is the "godbrother", "god sister", "godbrother "Godbrother", "God-sister", "God-brother", "God-sister", "God-brother", "God-sister"; if it is not coincidental that the livestock is a cow, a horse, a goat, a dog, or something else, then it will also be "pulled" - replaced by the owner to fulfill all the formalities and obligations. Formalities and obligations, only to take the name of the animal must be tripped according to the title to set, such as horses, dogs and so on. Whether people intend to choose or "fate" set, dry relatives once formed, the two sides will be close as a family, take care of each other, the year under the festival, but also should visit, to treat each other with the love of brotherhood and sisterhood, get along with the good, and even the love of even a few generations, passed on as a good story.
More amazing is that in Tengchong County, some of the mountain townships, there is a "pull" tree as "godfather" custom, and there are many people have been worshipped since childhood, a strange tree for the "godfather! ", because their parents believe that the ancient trees in the sky, deep-rooted and leafy, the shade is very wide, once worshipped as a "godfather", will be able to bless the dolls disease-free, long life. Particularly pious people will also ask the clergy to help count a tree "willing to" collect, if "willing", then choose an auspicious day on the offering incense, three worship nine kowtowed to have performed a great gift, only to be considered on the knot "people tree dry relatives ". At the end of the day, you have to give the child a name with branches and leaves. As this custom has been along for a long time, so Tengchong territory many well-known ancient trees - such as the small West of the Lei Ta tree, hit Tho's large oak, and Shun's "double cedar", the horse station goose feather tree, the boundary of the head of the "Ginkgo King "and so on, all of them "knee" bustling, with many living or long gone "godson", "goddaughter", and many of them are called Shumao, Shurong The name Shumao, Shurong, Shushou, Shusheng, as well as Shumei, Shuxiu, Shufang, Shueying, and such "evergreen" names.
B, the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival, commonly known as the Spring Festival, is the first of the 24 solar terms of the year, and is the beginning of the spring of the new year. Whether it is the Spring Festival before the Spring Festival, or the Spring Festival after the Spring Festival, just the morning of the Spring Festival, people are used to the same as the first day of the New Year, cooking dumplings, cooking fire for the Mountain God, the family hall, heaven and earth, the doorway, the cooker to seek the blessing of all the gods and goddesses of peace for a year.
C, Lantern Festival.
No Lantern Festival is the first full moon of the New Year, the festival in the township rarely Xing over, that is, when Xing over is not grand, only in the Lantern Festival night cooking dumplings to eat, and no other activities
Tang later, due to the introduction and prevalence of Buddhism, Baoshan Dam edge of the mountains and waters of the construction of a large number of Chanyuan Buddhist temple one after another. These religious places, in addition to the Taibao Mountain "temple even cloud", spectacular, the rest are not very large, but the incense is thriving. Especially the annual temple fair in each temple, attracting a large number of believers and non-believers of all kinds of people. Baoshan's temple will have a customary time provisions, perhaps because the first month of the agricultural season, families have free and happy to participate in the cause of the temple will be mostly concentrated in the people need to "stroll through" these days held. These temples will be a variety of names, but the total up to see there is a **** the same theme: praying to God, praying for luck. These things in the deep roots of feudalism in the old Baoshan is very some of the market - even today, devout men and women are also a lot of people, freedom of belief.
Of course, there are believers, there are unbelievers and half-believers, and the vast majority of the participants are actually more interested in the scenery and the hustle and bustle. According to legend, the first day of the first month to fifteen for the Buddha in charge of the world, the world is not divided into rich and poor are equal, so the New Year's Baoshan people are not happy to collect debts, which is undoubtedly a good "preferential policies" for those who have a hard time home: they can temporarily put aside the hidden worries of the debtors to the door, with all the people as old as the young and carefree! Wander the temple fair. Nowadays, people's quality of life has been improved, the temple, has become the urban and rural people leisure vacation a kind of excursion activities.
Baoshan's temple fair a variety of interesting. The grandest temple is the Jade Emperor Pavilion on the mountain, Doom Pavilion, the newspaper Temple and more than thirty temples and nunneries when the prosperity of the Xishan "joint meeting", for two days in a row, incense flourished, the flow of people, lively and extraordinary. Today, although the temple sparse will be dispersed, but the first day of the New Year, the second board the Taibao Mountain has become a new custom of urban and rural residents, is the temple of the "aftermath" of it.
Residential Characteristics
Village Yi is a farming and animal husbandry ethnic groups, the distribution and location of villages have their unique heritage. Yi villages are located at an altitude of 2000~3000 meters in mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas, along the gathering and living, generally choose the sunny foothills, built along the mountain, to the mountainside, mountain beams at the majority of the foot of the mountain, the valley area less. Yuanyang County Records: "Yi people live in the magnificent mountains, rich in resources in the mountainous areas, villages based on the mountains, surrounded by terraced fields layer by layer, behind the village there are mountains for grazing, in front of the village there are fields for farming, most of the villages have a ditch from which to flow through."
Folk dwellings in the southwest of China, the Yi ethnic group is widely distributed. Therefore, the types of their dwellings to adapt to the natural geographic environment and climatic conditions of different regions, or by the influence of other ethnic groups, and appears to be more complex, but the Yi folk dwellings in the various ethnic groups have a broad representation. Generally speaking, the types of Yi dwellings can be divided into the following categories: tiled houses, earth palm houses, flash piece houses, palletized wooden houses, thatched houses and so on.
Residence customs of the Yi people to implement a husband and wife system of small families, children after marriage to build another housing, self-supporting households, only the youngest son with his parents to wish the Yi family compound spacious for production and life, especially in the organization of red and white celebrations, can be a wide range of guests. Indoors, the main room of the hall against the wall where the ancestors are enshrined in heaven and earth in the table, the table set with incense burners and tigers, lions, statues; placed in the center of the Eight Immortals table for the reception of guests; the left side of the year-round fire, by three stones into, commonly known as the "pot", for warmth, hot water, baked tea, around the fire is the family sat around the place of deliberation. The main room on both sides of the room for the son in law's bedroom, and storage of valuables. Generally, the eldest son lives on the left and the second son lives on the right. The elderly, children and guest rooms are located in the side rooms. Behind the main door to do the mill, the main room upstairs is the granary, downstairs for the stables.
Autumn Festival
A, "July half" to send the ancestors.
Annual lunar July 1 to 14, 15 for the "Ghost Festival", meaning that the deceased ancestors home and descendants of the "reunion", each family on the first day of July with a meal and incense money and paper fire will be received from the gate back to the table for the ancestors on the spirit place to be provided, before each ton of food. To be supplied, in every ton of food before the first to the table with vegetables and rice to the ancestors before the letter to sacrifice low a number of family members can not use the meal. Have been insisted on until July half, that is, July 14th, 15th. To the July half of the dead ancestors to return to the Yin, each family to do poi, kill chicken cooking meat to do a ton of hearty lunch, the first solemn sacrifice, will be sent out of their ancestors out of the gate "home".
B. Mid-Autumn Festival.
The fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar is the traditional folk festival of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, that is, for the middle of each year in the middle of the month of August. Mid-Autumn Festival night, the moon is the brightest, the fullest, the moon is also the most beautiful, people look at the jade disk-like moon, naturally associated with the family reunion, alone in a foreign land for the foreigner, but also expect to use the mirror-like moon to send their own hometown and loved ones of the feelings of nostalgia. This is why the Mid-Autumn Festival is called the "Festival of Reunion".
The main forms of the Mid-Autumn Festival in our hometown are to offer the moon and eat moon cakes. The first street on August 15th. People go out to the street to buy mooncakes and other sweets and fruits. On the night of August 15, the mooncakes and other sweets and fruits are put back in the hall or living room, and the whole family gathers to catch up with each other and share the offerings.
C. The 9th Day of the 9th Moon.
The first nine days of September on the lunar calendar for the traditional Chongyang Festival, "Chongyang" originally from the "I Ching" "to Yang lines for nine", will be nine as the number of Yang, the two nine-heavy for the "heavy nine", the sun and moon And Yang, two Yang heavy, so the name Chongyang. Because the "nine" and "long time" homophonic, so the ancients thought this is a special celebration of auspicious days.
Chung Yeung Festival in this township has a commemorative significance, but there is no specific activities, in the folk only "Chung Yeung Festival Valley" habit, that is, to the Chung Yeung Festival on this day, grain farmers prepared tea and rice, money paper fire, tea and wine two gas to the crop side of the build a table, set up offerings for the field of the mother of the two gods, in order to thank the two gods to protect the crops of the intention, in order to seek the golden harvest of October smooth harvest, in addition, the people of the country, the people of the countryside. October smooth harvest, in addition, people will also Chanyang Festival rain or no rain to predict the climate of the future winter, "rain or no rain to see Chanyang (September 9)", "rain or no rain to see Chanyang, thirteen (September 13), thirteen no rain a winter dry".
Winter Festivals
A. October Tasting Festival.
Entering the lunar October, the township realm of crops have been harvested, historically, there is a custom around the tenth of October to taste the new rice, that is, the newly harvested paddy sun-dried milled into rice, net cooking a pot of white rice, and some will be pounded into a new rice white poop for heaven and earth, the ancestors, Zaojun, in order to celebrate the harvest of new grains and look forward to the next year and then a bumper crop. This festival is mostly seen before the reform and opening up, nowadays, adjusted the structure of planting industry, the main production areas of tobacco and sugar cane less rice, tasting new festival also gradually fade.
B, kill the year pig.
Killing the New Year's Eve is not a traditional festival in this township, but it is a more common and very grand custom of life.
Every year, every family should feed the 2-3 fat pigs for self-feeding, at the end of the autumn harvest into the winter season (mostly before and after the winter solstice festival) for slaughter, meat by a variety of special treatment after storage, for the next year to eat throughout the year, the day of the killing of the pig in addition to the neighbors invited each other to help each other, the guests were happy to support the scene, lively and extraordinary. This seems to be another very grand traditional festival in terms of the bustling scene once out of the blue.
Shidian "New Year's Eve dinner" invites you every day over the New Year since entering the winter, Shidian County, every household will begin to the traditional "New Year's Eve" and busy, kill the New Year's Eve pig in Shidian after hundreds of years of continuation, has slowly formed a custom to kill the head of the New Year's Eve pig and how many relatives and friends has become a part of this festival. The number of heads of pigs and the number of relatives and friends have become a symbol of the good harvest of the farmers here.
Clothing, food, housing and transportation habits.
Fabric and dress
In this township although there are some minorities, but because of the Han influence, for a long time, there is no distinction between the various ethnic costumes, dress basically uniform.
A, fabric.
The old into the weaving cloth and imported foreign cloth is mainly, after the founding of the country with the development of the national light industry, began to use cotton products made of cotton, mainly white cotton, such as the need for color, and then dyeing, the cotton into the dyeing tank into the boiling dyeing, mostly divided into green, blue, black, red. 60's, the fabric has a great deal of development, the market began to sell high-quality khaki cloth, Beijing, such as blue and other grass velvet cloth, etc. In the 70's by the cotton products began to be used. In the 70's, cotton products began to evolve into chemical fiber products, such as polyester Liang, polyester card, polyester Lun and other materials cloth. After the reform and opening up, the fabric and the development of woolen products, leather products, chemical fabrics have become almost "one world".
B, dress.
Dressing out with the progress of the times and changes in abnormal, each period of time have each period of clothing characteristics. 70's, men to Zhongshan suit, women to sister dress mainly. 80's, clothing changes, experienced a "big collar", "small collar", "big collar", "big collar". After the 80's, the clothing changed a lot, through "big collar", "small collar", "big suit", "small suit", "jacket", "bell-bottomed pants ", "woolen sweater", "new-style Zhongshan suit", "living fashion collar", "leather jacket", "sheepskin jacket", "sheepskin jacket", "sheepskin jacket", "sheepskin jacket". ", "wool sweater", "trench coat", "lotus dress", "straight barrel pants "Modern new clothing. Clothes are divided into tops (outerwear), cotton clothes, woolen clothes, shirts, underwear; women also have corsets; pants are divided into pants, fleece pants, underwear.
The evolution of footwear is more prominent, the old days are mainly straw shoes, 50-60 years to do their own cloth shoes are mainly popular in the seventies "spray line bottom" cloth shoes. The development of the national plastics industry, the early eighties, the popularity of a variety of styles of rubber shoes, plastic shoes and leather shoes made of artificial leather, pigskin. 90 years after the new bottom of the new generation of plastic, wool with wool knitted by themselves with a crochet hook slippers, the state of the production of plastic slippers, sandals, new white rubber shoes, sneakers and so on.
Food and Drinking Habits
A. Food.
People eat food is roughly divided into staple food, side dishes and snacks three categories. Staple food is divided into rice, vegetables, meat, oil, intestines, eggs, salt, etc., drink to rice-based. 80's before the less paddy fields in the area with cornmeal made into a noodle fruit to participate in the rice steamed rice. 90's after the opening of the grain market. Lack of rice areas can buy rice, from the history of eating to date, the noodle fruit to say goodbye to its history, eating a wide variety of vegetables, according to the source of self-grown vegetables, commercial vegetables, self-enrichment of meat dishes, wild vegetables; according to the production of vegetables have dried radish, water edamame, bones, pickles and other salty dishes, fried vegetables, fried vegetables, mixed vegetables, boiled vegetables, pickles, and so on. Meat to pork as the main, livestock and poultry meat as a supplement, wild animal meat for the "mountain treasures". Pork is divided into the main, partially used rapeseed, walnut and other vegetable oil. Intestines only with pig intestines after washing, with tofu mixed with pig's blood, lean meat and blessing material into. After cooling and drying, there are two kinds of tofu sausage, sausage to tofu sausage is more common. Eggs have chickens, ducks, geese and poultry, with the largest number of eggs, edible stewed, boiled, fried, invasion and other methods.
Staple food is divided into two meals at night, breakfast 10:00 to 11:00, dinner time is 17:00 to 18:00, family construction work or busy farming can be eaten 3 meals. Side dishes original poi, noodles, rice, cold noodles, etc., after the increase of bait, instant noodles, buns, doughnuts, sugar cake, etc., generally for breakfast, lunch, evening meal.
Snacks include pine seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts, pumpkin seeds and other nuts, but also candies, fruits and so on. They are usually consumed during casual conversations, festivals, visitors, weddings, funerals, construction and other major events.
B, cigarettes, alcohol, tea consumption.
The township has had the habit of smoking since ancient times. Before the reform and opening up of the smoke is mostly self-grown tobacco, commonly known as grass tobacco, take mature tobacco leaves with curtain clamped sun-drying cut into silk, both the smoke into the earth canister fire smoking, but also with paper will be rolled into a size of the head of the smoke fire smoking, but also can be added to some of the smoke and oil cut into fluffy tobacco with water pipe tobacco fruit and smoking tube smoking. 1993 after the extensive cultivation of baking tobacco, tobacco termination. late 70s popularity of" Tianping", "Tianping", "Tianping", "Tianping" and "Tianping". Tianping", "Red Cherry", "Wuzhi Chuncheng", etc.; in the 80's, "Bijie", "Chongjiu ", "Tianqi", "Camellia", etc.; from the 90s onwards, "Red River", "Tsui Chun Cheng From the 90s, "Red River", "Zhui Chuncheng", "Red Plum" became popular, and after "Zhui Chuncheng" stopped production in 2005, it was changed to "Red Mountain Tea", "Great Harvest", etc., high-grade cigarettes "Hongtashan", "Zifang Yunyun", "Yunyun cigarettes", "Expedition" refined "Red River", "Panda" and so on. Smoking is mostly male, female sporadic.
Drinking has a long history, the types of bagasse wine and bagasse wine made from bagasse, rice, wheat and other food crops with grain wine; after 1990, bagasse wine discontinued to grain-based wine. The wine is mostly consumed during meals and drunk when hosting guests, meeting friends and celebrations.
The habit of drinking tea has a long history, both the picking of young leaves of the tea tree by the pan frying hand rubbed sunlight and machine drying and machine drying of boiling water both for the tea to drink. Traditional drinking sun-dried green tea, after 1990 to drink roasted green tea-based, brand "Wanxing Penhao", "Montenegro Silver Peak", "call flower tea", "Xinxin" and so on.
Three, housing habits
A, house-style building.
The township residents live in a typical single village alone, in addition to most of the pendulum field village, wine room village, a part of a house more than one outdoor, most of the township for a household a yard, residential housing is divided into residential housing and production of two parts of the house. Housing, including people live, put food and all kinds of property storehouse, hall, kitchen, etc.; production room refers to the stables agricultural products processing, baking room, and so on. Most villages have 4 houses per family per courtyard, namely the main house, the left room and the sky room, attached to the house has a kitchen, rich poultry stables, ovens, toilets and so on.
House style most for the building 4 columns landing, no building three columns landing wooden floor tile cover, high beams before and after the speech beams short, two sides of the tile building houses, each building more than the left in the right three frames, upstairs and downstairs **** 6 rooms. The main room is the main room, into the Shun area is large, higher than the other rooms, the main room in front of the yard. The left and right sides of the courtyard for the compartment (also known as the ear room), and the main room corresponds to (courtyard) the lower side of the sky room. The specifications are the Mingrokugaeha and Jogyeonggugaeha.
B, building steps.
Building a house is one of the most costly things for every family in terms of human, financial and material resources, and it is called "building a big house". A house from the foundation to the house to go through three major stages. The first is the preparation stage, i.e., digging the foundation, taking stones to build the cornerstone, and picking up wood, etc. The second is the building stage, i.e., the construction of the house. The second stage is the house building stage, i.e., after the wood is ready, the carpenter is invited to make the roof frame by selecting an auspicious day for starting the work, and the neighbors are invited to set up the standard, put up the beams, and then build the walls and nail the rafters and cover the tiles. The third stage is the decoration stage, which is to ask carpenters to use square boards to make detailed decoration on the new house, and to build the door. Finally, choose an auspicious day to enter the house.
Baoshan Dialect
Yunnan dialect, in general, belongs to the northern dialect. The tundra of the Ming Dynasty played a decisive role in the formation of the Yunnan Chinese dialect. Gradually enriched knowledge of history and culture, finally realized that the formation of the Yunnan dialect, and the migration of the Han Chinese people and the formation of today's ethnic pattern is closely related to the Yunnan dialect is in fact the history of the Central Chinese dialect, the study of these dialect words, can explain many historical and cultural issues. Unfortunately, some of the recorded information, most of the loss in the successive political movements, can only be the existing sporadic records, slightly organized, interpretation, the formation of this paper.
The replacement of taboo words in dialect
In the dialect, there are some other words that are not willing to be said directly, such as urine, feces, and dead people. Including direct taboo words such as "tiger", "wolf" and so on. Change a method, said euphemistically, more subtle. Neither fearful, nasty, unpleasant and elegant and subtle. For example: men and women, young and old together, avoid saying foul language with reproductive organs.
"Pregnant" as "body is not idle" or "body is not light", women's "sanitary period" The first child was born in the mother-in-law's house. When you have your first child, you go to your mother-in-law's house and write to her, saying "to announce your good news". "When an old man dies, it is said to be an "old man's death". When a young person dies, he or she is said to be "gone". A child's death is said to be "not big enough to see". When a child dies, he or she is said to have died at an early age. When asked if they are sick, they say, "It's hard to be there". "Critically ill" is said to mean "no way!" I said, "I can't do it! When you go to the toilet to urinate or defecate, you say, "I'm going out". When you go to a funeral home as a guest, you say "burn paper". When a grandparent dies, the grandchildren's death is said to be a "happy occasion". When their daughters get married, it is said that they will be in a period of hygiene, so they will be in a state of "bumping into the door". The elderly call their daughters-in-law "talkative" because they love to gossip about other people, and chew their tongues. Female elders call their daughters-in-law "girls". "Bad luck" is a term used to describe a daughter-in-law who has had a lot of trouble. "A house on fire is called a "water hazard". Seeking blessings to get rid of illnesses is called "playing the blessing". If you don't pay attention to the taboo words, you are said to be "talking out of turn". It is taboo to say "jackals, wolves, tigers and leopards" when going out to catch a horse. When you set up a house, do not say "down".