The Zhang family name is one of the largest surnames in China, with a long history and large branches. There were once 43 famous clans in China, which is unrivaled among all the family names.
The Zhang family name, with three distinctive features, one is the name of the earlier, long-flowing; the second is a large branch of the clan, all over the country, everywhere there are Zhang people; three is the talent, countless, from ancient times to the present, there have been Zhang's outstanding people have been contributing to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.
On the ancestor of the Zhang family name, the historical books have the following records: "The fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, Qingyang Sheng Hui, for the bow is, watching the arc star began to make the bow and vector, the main ritual arc star, because of the surname of Zhang (see the "Yuan and family name compilation") "waved to make the arc vector, was awarded the Zhang, after the bow. The name Zhang came from Taiyuan." (see "Surname KaoLiu")
" Zhang, Huang, Li, Zhao, the Yellow Emperor gave the surname." (see "Customs")
"Zhang's family, Shi Shi Jin, Jin is divided into three, and Shi Shi Han, that is, the Jin's male family with the word for the family. Genealogists say that the Yellow Emperor's son Shao Hao, the fifth son of the Qingyang clan swing for the bow, the view of the arc star, the beginning of the production of the bow and vector, the main worship of the arc star, given the surname Zhang. This is not the meaning of the name. According to the Jin have to solve Zhang, the word Zhang Hou, since then the world of Jin has Zhang's, the word because of Zhang Hou to the name of the family, can be undoubtedly also. (See Tongzhi. (See Tongzhi . (See "Tongzhi . Clan")
"Zhang surname out of the Ji surname, to the Zhou and the clan ancestor in Han, its hope twelve, said Xiangyang, Luoyang, Hedong, Shixing, Feng Yi, Wu County, plains, Qinghe, Hetao, Zhongshan, said Wei, said Shu (see Yuan Jiao, "Zhang genealogy of the preface")
From the above records, the origin of the Zhang family name can be traced back five thousand years ago, the Chinese nation ** with the founder Huangdi, the first Chinese Emperor, the first Chinese emperor, the first Chinese emperor of the world, the first Chinese emperor of the world. **The same founder, Huangdi, was a direct descendant of Huangdi. Huangdi's fifth son, Qingyang, gave birth to a son named Wave. This called wave after the Yellow Emperor, is the ancestor of the Zhang surname. So it is not too much to say that the Zhang surname is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor.
The Yellow Emperor's descendant was so smart that he watched the arc of the star in the sky and made a bow and arrow in its shape. Originally, there is a star in the sky called "Heavenly Bow", referred to as "arc". Belonging to the Well, *** nine stars, in the southeast of the star Sirius. Eight stars like a bow, the outer star like a vector, in the dog dog, South Boat two constellations. The History of the Song Dynasty. Tianwen Zhi": "arc yagyu nine stars in the southeast of the Wolf Star, the bow of the sky", waving to see the "bow of the sky", inspired by the "bow of the sky" shape, the first invention of the bow and vector - this important ancient weapon. He was also given the surname Zhang.
However, the original "Zhang" was not meant to be a family name. Because after the invention of the bow and arrow, before using it, the bow had to be opened with force, otherwise, it could not be used. It was for this reason that Wave was named the "Zhang Clan". Since then, some of the descendants of WANG were surnamed Bow and some were surnamed Zhang, and they were divided into two branches because of this reason. This is also the reason why later generations of the Zhang family, when talking about their family name, often explain it as "the Zhang of the bow long Zhang". The Zhang family name, which originated from the Waving family name, has been around for a long time, and is one of the earliest and oldest of the Zhang family names in China.
After nearly 2,000 years, during the Zhou Dynasty, about 3,000 years ago, two more branches of the Zhang family name appeared on Chinese soil. Unlike the other surnames, the two new Zhangs, who also had the Yellow Emperor as their ancestor, came from the states of Korea and Jin, which were founded by the Ji descendants of King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty. In Korea and Jin, some people to Zhang for the clan, that is, "Zhang surname out of the Ji surname, to the Zhou family and the ancestor of the Han", "Jin have to solve Zhang, the word Zhang Hou, since then the State of Jin began to have Zhang". In the Zhang's total source, and add two branches of the source. These two branches of Zhang's origin, later than after the wave of more than two thousand years, but are the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan's, but there is only a difference between the near and far.
About the earliest origin of the Zhang surname, the branch of the Wave, which was passed down directly from the Yellow Emperor, originally originated in present-day Taiyuan. Taiyuan, the source of the Chinese Zhang family, is also the location of the Chinese Zhang clan.
After Korea and Jin in the Zhou Dynasty, due to the addition of new lineage sources, the source of the Zhang family name has developed to a number of places, at that time, Korea, "the hope of twelve", as quoted in Yuan Jue's statement, no longer here. At that time in Jin, there were ""fourteen Wangs in Qinghe, Nanyang, Wu County, Anding, Dunhuang, Wuwei, Fanyang, Gandan, Peiguo, Liang, Zhongshan, Kapu County, Hanoi, and Gaoping"". Han, Jin in the state who changed his surname to Zhang, although later than the descendants of the wave, but later on, reproduction is very wide. According to the "Chinese surname House" Zhang paper atlas records, during the Ming Dynasty, Zhang has 43 hope, not only throughout the country, but also become many local prestige, more than the other surnames. These two sources of the Zhang family name in the Zhou Dynasty played a great role in making the Zhang family name a major one in China.
There was also an element of minority ethnicity in the origin of the Zhang family name. This was after the Han Dynasty, due to the strength of Liu Han, part of the minorities changed their surnames to Liu, and a small part of the minorities changed their surnames to Zhang. Some people with other surnames, who admired the large number of ethnic groups with the Zhang surname, also abandoned their original surnames and chose Zhang. Wei Zhi" on the record of Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao, originally surnamed Nie, later changed from the Zhang surname, "read the history of the FangYiJiYao" also "Han ZhuGeLiang give LongYouNa for Zhang's" records. These are all examples.
The Zhang clan is a large branch, and the situation is also relatively complex. As the Zhang family name throughout the country, the Zhang family name all over the world, which makes the Zhang family name in thousands of years of reproduction and broadcasting, has its very complex characteristics, although each of the Zhang family name, have their own center of reproduction, but the ancestors and broadcasting time, route, and most of the other surnames have *** with the same broadcasting ancestor is not quite the same situation. It is in different areas, different times, different routes, moving in different directions.
The Zhang family name has always been rich in talent. From the time of the Warring States lobbying the six countries even across the Qin Zhang Yi began, in the subsequent dynasties, there are Zhang's celebrities on the stage of history. Zhang's "family treasures" of the many, few other clan can be compared with, briefly as follows:
Han, Zhang's name on the top of the list. Whether it is in the governance, the work, or academic, artistic, medical and other aspects, are in the forefront. Early Han minister Zhang Liang, to assist Liu Bang to get the world, out of a lot of strange and good advice. Zhang Qian, who traveled to the Western Regions twice, strengthened the ties between the Central Plains and the ethnic minorities, developed friendly relations between the Han and the people of Central Asia, and promoted economic and cultural exchanges and development. Zhang Heng, a scientist, created the world's first armillary sphere (armillary sphere), which utilized the power of water to rotate, and the geodesic instrument, which measured earthquakes. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical doctor, wrote "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" and "The Essentials of the Golden Chamber", which made significant contributions to the development of Chinese medicine. Calligrapher Zhang Zhi, "the body of the word, a made, and occasionally not even, but the blood veins continue, and its even, the qi veins through the line, known as the" grass ".
After the Han Dynasty, there were Zhang Jiao, the leader of the Yellow Turban Revolt; Zhang Fei and Zhang Liao, generals of the Three Kingdoms; Zhang Zai, scholar Zhang Zhan, literary scholar of the Jin Dynasty; Zhang Ji, poet of the Tang Dynasty; Zhang Hu, Zhang Ji, calligrapher Zhang Xu; Zhang Lei, poet of the Song Dynasty. According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a family of Zhang Gongyi, nine generations living together **** wealth, praised from near and far. The story reached Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, who came to visit him in person. When the Emperor asked him for tips on how to keep the family business and keep the family in harmony, he only wrote more than a hundred characters of "forbearance" as an answer. The Emperor was y touched by the truth he learned from this, and returned to the palace with a satisfied heart. Afterwards, the Zhang Gongyi family adopted "Hundred Forbearance" as their family crest to commemorate this meaningful event. According to the Tang Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, when the ministers celebrated the birthday of Emperor Xuanzong, they offered many exotic treasures, but only the prime minister, Zhang Jiuling, offered a book called "A Thousand Autumns of the Golden Annals". In the book, he discussed in detail the way of rise and fall in the past and present, and intended to advise Emperor Xuanzong to remember the lessons of the rise and fall of the past dynasties when the world was at peace, and to think of danger in times of peace, so as to protect the gods of the earth and grain for all time. Afterwards, Emperor Xuanzong treasured this valuable "gift" and issued a special edict to recognize it. Therefore, Zhang Jiuling's clan also proud, began to "Jinjian" for the hall name.
From ancient times to the present, the Zhang surname **** out of 63 prime ministers, 56 generals. In addition, such as thinkers Zhang Zai, Zhang style contribution to Confucian theory, Buddhist monk Zhao (commonly known as Zhang) on the sublimation of Buddhist thought, as well as Zhang Tianshi's Taoist lineage and so on, are of great significance. Another example is Zhang Xueliang's anti-Japanese military advice, Zhang Fulin's space exploration, etc., are also in the world, the history of the major events. These are all significant contributions of the Zhang family name to history and culture.
Today, the Zhang surname is ranked No. 3 among the 100 major surnames.
About the character Zhang~
Zhāng
①to separate; to unfold: to open one's eyes; to open one's mouth; to open up; to open one's bow and shoot arrows.
② to look at; to look at: to look east and west.
③ Expand; Exaggerate: expand; exaggerate; bluff.
④ To indulge; to be wanton: to be arrogant.
⑤ To furnish; to lay out: to hang up; to spread out; to put up lights and colors.
6 Quantitative: a mouth; a sheet of paper; two tables; three beds.
⑦ Store opening: new; open.
8 Surname.
See the article "Zhang surname".
Su Zhang: Zhang Shicheng in Jiangsu province at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty
△Zhang Guan Li Dai: zhāng guān lǐ dài Zhang's hat is put on Li's head, which is a metaphor for getting the wrong object or the wrong fact.
〖Example sentence〗He often puts Zhang Guan Li Dai in his storytelling, making everyone laugh.
△Zhāng kǒu jié shé 张口结舌： zhāng kǒu jié shé 张着嘴巴说不出话来。 It describes a person who is speechless because he or she is unable to speak or is nervous and afraid.
〖Example sentence〗When Xiao Ming's lie was exposed by his mother, he immediately became speechless.
△Zhangwang: zhāngwàng to look through a small hole or gap; to look around or far away.
〖Example sentence〗After hearing the noise, he poked his head out of the window and looked around, but he didn't find anything unusual.
△Zhang Tooth and Claw: zhāng yá wǔ zhǎo describes the appearance of rampant ferocity.
〖Example sentence〗The criminals came with sharp knives and claws, but they were knocked down by the police in a few strokes.
△Zhang Yang: zhāngyáng To spread the secret or things that don't need to be known to the public.
〖Example sentence〗This matter is strictly forbidden to be publicized, lest the opponents take precautions.
More information-
Zhang <move> 形声. From bow, long. Original meaning: to place a string on a bow
Same as original meaning
Zhang, to apply a bowstring. --Shuowen (说文)
一張一弛。 --Rituals? Miscellaneous Records
Luqin Zhang's character Zikai. --Zuo Zhuan?
The good bow is difficult to open, but it can reach the high and the deep.
The good bow is hard to open, but it can reach the high and the deep.
The way of heaven is like the opening of a bow, isn't it? The higher is suppressed, the lower is raised. --Lao Tzu
By opening my bow, I am holding my vector.
When I open my bow, I hold my vector. Xiao Ya? Jiri"
Another example is: zhangman (张弓使满).
Golden rod plucking rosewood groove, the strings are newly opened to a higher pitch. Zhang Ji "Palace Lyrics"
And such as: Zhang Thur (adjust the strings on the Thur); Zhang strings (on the strings of the zither; tighten the strings of the zither)
open the bow; pull the bowstring
More open the empty strings. --
Zhang (张)zhāng
⒈安上弦在弓。 〈引〉Draw the bow: ~ bow.
The instrument is strung: to change the strings to ~.
The instrument is strung: ~ open. The big ~ flag drum. The outline is ~.
Sung sung: stretching, expanding, exaggerating. Expanded. Sunglasses To make a false statement.
Be careful: Behave. Being a good sport: sung~.
Selective furnishings and arrangements: a big ~ feast. Wastefulness.
Borrowing, looking: east ~ west.
To open a store: to open. Four ~ newspapers.
Sneakers Name of a star. One of the twenty-eight constellations.
1) panic: ~ Huang lost their heads. ② exaggerated, show off: ~ Huang its words.
Application form (1) set up a net to catch insects and birds.
The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you have the right person to take care of you.
Zhang zhàng
1. The tent. 2. Referring to the display of curtains and tents. See "zhang zhàng". 3. Swelling. 4. (Today read zhāng) to exaggerate; to expand; to flaunt.
Origin of the surname Zhang
On the character Zhang
Zhang is a pictogram, the whole looks like a person who wants to shoot with an open bow
Zhang, traditional Chinese character for eye, from the bow and the long left and right together, Zhang people in the family name of Zhang, when they introduce their own family name to others, are said to be From a philological point of view, "bow" is also central to the word "Zhang".
The character Zhang has not been found in the oracle bone inscriptions, but there are many in the jinwen and stone inscriptions, and their writing styles are different. Although these Zhang characters are written in different ways, they have one basic feature, which is that they are inseparable from bow, vector, long, and especially from bow, and it can be said that there is no Zhang without bow. In terms of the evolution of the character, Zhang was first a combination of bow and vector. Bow and vector are naturally associated, and if there is a bow, there is bound to be a vector, so there is no need to emphasize it, so later on, the vector gradually withdrew and gave way to the long, and finally stabilized into the union of the long bow. The long bow then indicates that this bow is even more powerful and mighty than the average bow.
The word "zhang" has many meanings, and the new edition of the Hanyu Da Zidian has 21 meanings, and general dictionaries have more than 10, such as "exaggerate", "open", "strong", "prosperous", "posting", "see", "look", "expand", "set up" and so on, but most of them are derived by descendants, and there are not many meanings in the earliest dictionaries. The Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining and Analysing Characters) says: "Zhang, applying bowstring is also. From bow, long sound." Guangya Shiyi San (廣雅-释诂三)："Zhang, shi yi." There is also another meaning, which is found in Zhou Li - Qiu Guan: "To take birds and animals is said to be Zhang." Hu Sansheng in the note "Ziji Tongjian - Han Mingdi level seven years" in the "hard work Zhang arrest, not the basis of the preferential pension," also said: "Zhang, set up also, set up for the machine trap, in order to wait for the birds and animals is said to be Zhang."
There are three main sources of the Zhang family name:
One, from the Yellow Emperor, waved for the ancestor
According to the "New Book of Tang Dynasty - Chancellor of the lineage of the table" contained: "Huang Di son of the Shao Hao Qing Yang's fifth son waved for the bow, the beginning of the production of the bow and vector, the descendants of the surname of Zhang." This branch of the Zhang Clan was passed down directly from the Yellow Emperor, and first originated in Qingyang in the State of Yincheng, near Jinshi in the southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, with subsequent clans coming out of this area.
The Zhang family name is an ancient family name, which originated in a distant legendary era. It is said that the ancestor of the Zhang family name was "Wang", who was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (or the son of the Yellow Emperor), and a great inventor who invented the bow and arrow and the netting (gu). The bow and arrows and the net net as the new production tools at that time, so that people can hunt more birds and animals, catch more fish and shrimp, but also be able to reduce the fierce beasts to their own harm. The tribe of which WANG was a member had been producing bows and arrows and netting for generations, so his descendants adopted the name "Zhang" as their family name.
The recognized ancestor of the Zhang family name, Emperor Huangdi, was the leader of the Huaxia tribal confederation in the ancient legendary era, who ruled the world with virtue, benevolence and faith, chose the wise and appointed the capable, and punished the stubborn and fierce, and created a peaceful and prosperous world of songs and dances.
According to the Century of Emperors, the Yellow Emperor was born from his mother, a woman of the highest peak clan, who was attached to a treasure to feel the electricity. "(Yellow Emperor) mother said attached to the treasure, see the big electricity around the Big Dipper cardinal star, shine the countryside, sense attached to the treasure, pregnant twenty-four months, born Yellow Emperor in Shouqiu, long in Ji Shui, there is a holy virtue, subject to the country in Yuxiong, living in the hill of Xuanyuan Yuan, so because of the name, but also for the number." Later generations deduced two legends from this.
One legend is: the yellow emperor was born on the occasion of the emperor of the sky, when it was the age of Shennong, Shennong's uncle has a son named Shaodian, he is a bear country (in today's Henan Province, Xinzheng County, the territory of the country) of the king. At that time, the Shaodian clan was exchanging marriages with the highest peak clan. So Shaodian took Attachment Bao, a daughter of the You (Bug Qiao) clan, as his wife. One day, Shao-Dian and Attachment Bao were carrying wooden ploughs to plant in the fields, and as they were walking, the sky suddenly darkened, and suddenly the stars filled the sky exactly as they did at night. At this time, the attached treasure raised his head to look up, only to see the sky above a flickering electric light like a snake from time to time around the seven stars of the Big Dipper, in an instant, the four fields covered with a layer of rich green light. Shortly afterward, she felt something in her abdomen move violently, which made her cry out, but when Shaodian hurriedly turned around to inquire, she said there was nothing. Since then, Attachment Bao became pregnant. After 24 months from the day of her pregnancy, one day in her third year, she gave birth to a boy at the hill of Xuanyuan (said to be in Qufu, Shandong Province), northwest of Xinzheng. Since he was born in Xuanyuan, he named the boy Xuanyuan. Legend has it that Xuanyuan could speak when he was first born and was very elfin. When he was still a child, he saw people constructing houses on trees and said, "It is neither convenient nor safe to build houses on trees, wouldn't it be better if they were built on the ground?" Soon after, Shennong heard of Huangdi's opinion and was greatly dismayed. So Huangdi built a house on the ground for him to see, and Shennong was convinced.
Another legend has it that soon after Attachment Bao and Shaodian were married, they migrated to Shouqiu in Qufu, Shandong Province. In an early winter night, the attached treasure alone to the countryside to walk, she looked up at the starry sky, the feeling of homesickness arose, suddenly, the sky appeared a silver-white lightning, only to see that the lightning circled around the Big Dipper pivot star a few times, and then quickly from the sky and the ground, quickly disappeared. At this time, the astonished Attachment Bao suddenly felt a strange sensation on her body. It was not long before she realized that she was pregnant by the induction of thunder and lightning. Thereafter, after 24 months, she gave birth to Huang Di in Shou Qiu one day in the winter of the third year. The newly-born Huang Di had a bulging forehead bone shaped like the sun, and his face had the appearance of a dragon, and his hands and feet also resembled dragon claws and toes. What is more strange is that the Yellow Emperor has four faces, legend has it that this way the Yellow Emperor can always have eyes to see the four sides, ears to hear the four directions, observation, understanding of all situations, in order to better camera action. The Yellow Emperor babbled at birth and soon walked. He left Shouqiu when he was about ten years old and traveled around to learn from masters and visit famous mountains and rivers.
The Yellow Emperor lived in the era of primitive clan communes, when the social structure of the land of China manifested itself in clans - tribes composed of several clans - and tribal alliances composed of several tribes. The clans, tribes and tribal alliances were often at war with each other for their own interests. Huangdi started out as the leader of the Ji tribe, but in the course of his long campaigns, he gradually built up his own prestige, eventually completing his rule over the other tribes, and sitting on the throne as the leader of the tribal alliance.
The war against Emperor Yan, Chiyu and Interceptor is the yellow emperor to the three milestones on the road to the alliance. According to the literature, Huang, Yan two emperors were originally siblings, "Guoyu - Jin language": "the former Shaodian married in the highest peak of the clan, gave birth to the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di. Yellow Emperor to Ji water into, Yan Emperor to Jiang water into. Cheng and different virtues, so the Yellow Emperor is Ji, Yandi is Jiang,...... different surnames are different virtues, different virtues are different types." The New Book - Yiyang said, "Yandi, Huangdi same mother and half-brother also, each half of the world." When Emperor Huangdi became the leader of the Ji tribe and began to flourish, Emperor Yandi's tribe was already on the road to weakness and decline, and the clans conquered each other and tyrannized the people, while Emperor Yandi was unable to quell the wars and protect his subjects, so Emperor Huangdi rose up to teach his people to use the dry spears in order to conquer the brutality. As a result, all the clans came to worship and submit to the Yellow Emperor. Yandi moved to Zhuo Lu (Zhuo Lu in Hebei Province, or Yuncheng in Shanxi Province), but he continued to act in a tyrannical manner, which was described as "no kinship, no establishment of literature, and a cold heart for the wise" (Yi Zhou Shu Shi Ji Jie Xie). It was under this circumstance that the Yellow Emperor once again "revitalized his virtue and cultivated his army", and decided to have a duel with the Yan Emperor at Zhuo Lu. According to documentary records, the allied forces of the clans and tribes led by the Yellow Emperor with bears, warriors, wolves, leopards, torsos, tigers and other totems waved war flags made of feathers of birds, cuckoos, eagles, kites and so on, and fiercely attacked Zhuo Lu, while the Yan Emperor retreated to the Hanquan, which was one mile to the east of the city. After a bloody battle, the Yellow Emperor "killed Yandi and the others", and "the world was ruled". The defeated Yandi tribe was forced to move to the south and east, and gradually integrated with the Miao barbarian group in the Yangtze River basin. Huang Yan war victory established the Yellow Emperor on the original Yandi sphere of influence of the middle reaches of the Yellow River region of leadership, so that he ascended to the Central Plains tribal alliance (some say "central emperor") position.