The origin of gymnastics, rules

Origin of Gymnastics 1. Origin of Gymnastics (from the holistic view of the sport of gymnastics on the origin) 1.1 "Gymnastics" word verification and development of the overview of the word "Gymnastics" from the ancient Greek Gyma's (naked), because the ancient Greeks performed all kinds of physical exercise activities in the nude. This is because the ancient Greeks performed all kinds of physical exercise activities in the nude. The 5th century BC, the Greeks to exercise all physical activities, such as running, jumping, throwing, climbing, wrestling, dancing, horseback riding, military games, etc. collectively referred to as "Gyma'szin", the word is the modern English Gymnastics or French This word is the etymology of the modern English Gymnastics or French Gymnastique. Ancient Greek philosopher Plato used the word Gyrnnastike more often in his book Dialogues, and interpreted it in both a broad and a narrow sense. The broad interpretation is: "a system of theories and methods of physical training"; the narrow interpretation is: "physical therapy", "fitness techniques". In the Book of State, he emphasized that the goal of gymnastics is to make people healthy, perfect and physically strong, and also to cultivate people's will and make them brave and tenacious. In the Book of Laws, he specified that gymnastics was an indispensable part of the educational system. In the second half of the 16th century, H. Mercurialis, an Italian doctor of medicine and bibliomedical scientist, made a detailed study of gymnastics and physical exercises in the original Greek and Latin dictionaries, and in his book "Gymnastics", he discussed in detail various forms of human movement and divided gymnastics into military, medical and athletic gymnastics. At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, Gutzmutz, who was honored as "the ancestor of German gymnastics", made a detailed discussion on the concept and field of gymnastics in the first part of his book "Gymnastics for Young People", in which the concept and field of gymnastics were discussed in detail, and the concept of Gymnasium and the field of Gymnastics were discussed in detail in the book "Gymnasium". Gutzmutz, in the first part of his book "Concept and Scope of Gymnastics for Young People", discussed the concept and scope of gymnastics in detail, interpreting the Greek word Gymnastike in a broader sense to mean "sport", which encompasses physical education and physical training from the point of view of the development of the person. In the early 19th century, F. L. Young, the "father of German gymnastics," created a system of national gymnastics based on apparatus exercises and military games.In 1816, Young published a book entitled "German Gymnastics," and in order to purify the German language, he changed the original Gymnastike to Turnen, called those who took part in the sport Turnener, and made preliminary stipulations on a number of gymnastics terms.In the middle of the 19th century, Spies, the German theorist of physical education and the founder of school Sports founder Spies organized the remaining gymnastics terminology. At the same time, the Swedish gymnastics system began to take shape under the initiative of P. H. Lin. Soon after, Denmark also created a gymnastics system. During this period, some Eastern European countries also developed a variety of gymnastics exercises and created and improved a variety of gymnastics equipment. 1862, the Czech "Sky Eagle" school of gymnastics was born, its founder was Dr. M. Dirch, a professor of aesthetics in Prague, who emphasized that gymnastics movements should be graceful and lively, and that set movements should be compactly choreographed, and also emphasized the wearing of gymnastic uniforms. Gymnastics uniforms. This series of reforms, the formation of competitive gymnastics played a great role in promoting. 1881, the European Gymnastics Federation was established. 1896, on the basis of the European Gymnastics Federation established the International Gymnastics Federation. 1.2 The origin of the world gymnastics and sports activities in ancient Greece Gymnastics originated in ancient Greece, "gymnastics" and "gymnasium" these words from the Greek "gymnazein The words "gymnastics" and "gymnasium" come from the Greek word "gymnazein", which means to exercise (in the nude). In ancient Greece, gymnastics, weightlifting, and track and field combined to form a formal and systematic form of exercise for young men. Ancient Greek students had to learn running, jumping, weight lifting, throwing, wrestling and gymnastic training. Every city in ancient Greece had one or many gymnasiums for people to train in. Ancient Greece often held some rituals, celebrations and other activities, which activities generally include the content of gymnastics (such as dance, games, unarmed exercises and some practical movements), in addition, Ancient Greece is a martial arts country, military training is an important part of their lives, as long as it is the young men of Ancient Greece are required to serve in the army for a certain period of time, or else they can not become Greek citizens. The origin of gymnastics in ancient Greece may be related to the following activities: 1.2.1 Festivals and Ritual Celebrations Sports activities as a part of the Greeks' life are shown in many places in the epics. At that time, the Greeks' sports activities were mostly in the form of sports competition, and there was no fixed place and fixed date, only in the death of heroes, welcoming foreign guests, banquets and festivals were held, and the people did not know about many exercise programs specially designed to make the body healthy and strong, and they carried out a number of sports compatible with the environment of production and labor and war, such as archery, swimming, dancing, climbing and so on. Later, with the various celebrations and events, they were able to enjoy their own sports. Later, with the increase in a variety of celebrations, sports projects have become more and more diversified, sacrifices to the gods has become an important part of the people's festivals inseparable, and the Greeks every festival to the gods, and often dance, singing and sports competitions to the gods to pay tribute to the form of sports and somersaults, diving, etc., which are closely related to some of the contents of modern gymnastics. 1.2.2 Military Training Activities in Ancient Greece Among the ancient Greek countries, Sparta was the Parexcellence (the most) martial country, considered to be the most predatory city-state at that time, and the ruling class practiced a kind of universal military system. In the view of the ancient Greeks, war required people with strong character, quick action and cruel nature, so the ruling class practiced all kinds of ways and means to cultivate human resources to meet the needs of war, and they regarded the honoring of military force and physical training as the top priority for every citizen of the city-state. In Sparta, children before the age of seven were brought up and educated by their parents in accordance with the requirements of the state, and during this period they learned useful physical activities, such as playing with rollers, stilts, and swings. When the children reach the age of seven, they are unified by the city-state nation for formal military training, learning dances with military overtones and so on. As they grew older, the number of physical training (military) activities they engaged in gradually increased, and somersaults, wrestling, and wrestling were essential. Although war is cruel, but it is to a certain extent to promote the development of sports activities (including some of the budding activities of gymnastics), so that people's physical fitness. 1.2.3 Ancient Greek nude sports The word gymnastics comes from the Greek word "gymnazein", its original meaning is "nude", so it can be seen, gymnastics and nude sports in Ancient Greece has a close relationship. Ancient Greeks were famous for their love of beauty, and thus were y artistic in all areas of their lives. In the minds of the Greeks at that time, the display of healthy body is a kind of reverence for God's exceptionally pure and noble activities, for this reason, at that time there was a study of the human body posture and movement of the study, called the "Ogaisdik", specializing in teaching people a wonderful gesture and dance to honor the gods, and the flow of the wind, the Greeks will show off the naked body, as a consolation to the gods, and the Greeks will show off the body of the body. The Greeks regarded the display of a naked and beautiful body as a supreme and elegant activity to comfort the gods. Ancient Greeks this unique style will produce a special concept, just as the ancient Greek philosophers commented that: in the world of all things, the only fit and naked human body has the most proportional, the most harmonious, the most solemn and the most beautiful features. It was believed that nudity was an excellent opportunity for athletes to reveal their feelings of purity and elegance, that their ancestors were the creators of beauty, and that their children should be a worthy successor. Therefore, the content of physical education in ancient Greece and physical training is closely integrated, some dance and hand movements are indispensable content. "Nude sports" is a major feature of the ancient Olympic Games, it has continued to the ancient Olympic Games will end of the period, as for the "nude sports" began when, so far, there is no accurate material to confirm, but according to the history of the development of culture and art in Ancient Greece Situation, it can be initially concluded that as early as the sixth century BC "nude movement" has been prevalent, people called the ancient Greek culture and art for the "force of the times". So in the sculptors, artists and craftsmen's works, about the image of the athlete, are naked, and portrayed in a realistic, muscular, robust and powerful. (Quoted from Modern Gymnastics Teaching Theory and Methods by Han Hongfei, P42-45) (

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