Li Chengliang
Wanli Dynasty is the beginning of the Ming Dynasty from the rule of the beginning of the chaos, and later on the death of the Ming, there was a "Ming actually died in the Wanli," said. However, the Wanli dynasty's border affairs were once quite effective, which depends on the first ten years of the Wanli Zhang Juzheng auxiliary administration of the economic foundation, but also depends on the border of the two famous generals: Southeast Qi Jiguang, Northeast Li Chengliang. Although Qi Jiguang's military management skills and peaceful Japanese achievements are more praised by later generations, Li Chengliang's reputation was far better at that time. In the Ming Dynasty, when the generals were greedy and cowardly, and the borders were abandoned, Li had been running across the northern borders for more than forty years, and had defended Liaodong for nearly thirty years before and after the war, and had repeatedly broken the strong and powerful, and had suppressed the nomadic tribes in the northern part of the country, and had made fifteen thousand meritorious achievements, and had expanded the borders for nearly one thousand miles. Qing people made "Ming History", although it is quite disparaging words, but also had to admit that "but the border marshal's success, (Ming) two hundred years have not been".
"Cheng Liang, word Ruqi. Gaozu Ying from the North Korean internal annexation, authorized Shi Tieling Wei Command Commander Commander, so home." ("Ming Shi Liezhuan 126", the same below) There is evidence that Li Chengliang ancestry for Longxi, is after the Tang to avoid the chaos moved into North Korea. However, most of the Li family has been naturalized in North Korea and regarded Li Chengliang as a North Korean.
Despite the fact that Li Chengliang "Yingyi primitive health, has a great general talent", the real reuse is after forty years of age. The Ming history of 126 said: "family poverty, can not inherit the post, forty years old is still a student. The Royal Inspector General of the Imperial Household, the capital into the capital, was to be attacked." Family poverty is not the real reason, because at that time the status of the officer is not high, and are hereditary. Li Chengliang family as a Korean immigrants, more or less will be subject to some discrimination and ostracism, if not the border is not vibrant, many worries, perhaps Li Chengliang even this hereditary officer's position can not be obtained, and from then on obscurity. "When it was, I answer although paragraph plug, and insert the Han Minister Tuban and from the father of black stone charcoal, brother commission is, big commission is, from the brother warm rabbit, arch rabbit, son Buyan Tai Zhou, from the son of Huang Taiji potential party strong. Taining Minister speed handle Ohi, fried flowers, Duo Yan Minister Dong Fox, Chang Ang Zuo. East is Wang Gao, Wang Wu Tang, Qing Jia Flint, Yang Ji Flint's genus, also sometimes peep under the plug." Is the north has not been cut off by the change of trouble to give him a big show of force,
Mu Zong period, Li Chengliang main and Mongolia tribal combat, because of the war success, and eventually became the Liaodong general, "Longqing first year, the barbarians barbarians into the Yongping. Chengliang to aid merit, into the deputy general ...... three years in April, Zhang Pendulum loss, etc. Tun plug down, Chengliang to meet the attack beheaded ...... record merit, into the rank of first class. In September of the fourth year, Xin Ai Da into Liaodong. Chief Military Officer Wang Zhidao died in battle, Mew Chengliang Department Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander of the Commander." Only one year later than Qi Jiguang.
By the Wanli year, Li Chengliang "division will be victorious, the prestige of the region". Liaodong became a solid barrier, large and small nomadic tribes or joint troops, or separate provocations were thwarted, and more than seven hundred miles, built six fortresses in Kuandian, and in Kaiyuan, Qinghe, Fushun and other places to open a trade market, and the establishment of friendly relations with the local tribes.
Ming Dynasty, the northern part of the change from the Mongolian tribes, the Ministry of Tu Ban is the most threatening nomadic forces, often gather other tribes invade the border, and often tens of thousands of riders, Wanli nine years, more than 100,000 riders of the siege of Guangning, but also can not be overcome. Wanli ten years in March, Li Chengliang set up an ambush beheading the barbarians leader speed put Ohio, "speed put Ohio for LiaoZuo suffer twenty years, to be dead", this strong enemy was subdued. Another strong tribe Haixi Yehe Department, after the fragmentation, was conquered in the 17th year of the 10th year of the Wanli calendar, the leader of the Narin Marco Polo to surrender.
The predecessor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty was the Jianzhou Jurchen tribe. From the south of the Qing River to the mouth of the Yalu River, the area belonged to Jianzhou Wei, controlled by the female tribe. Jianzhou gradually grew in power, but also became another major threat to the border defense. In the second year of the Wanli reign, Li Chengliang led an expedition to conquer Jianzhou and destroyed the stronghold of Wang Gao, the leader of the Jurchen, who was captured and executed. In the eighth year of the Wanli reign, Li Chengliang defeated another female tribe leader in Jianzhou, Woodang, and expelled him from the northern part of the country, and his tribe declined from then on. Wanli eleven years, Li Chengliang again sent troops to attack Wang Gao's son A Tai, Nurhachu father Takeshi for Wang Gao's granddaughter-in-law, died in this war, Nurhachu and his brother Shurhaqi was captured. The qing historical manuscripts: "tai zu and brother shuerhaqi did not in the soldiers, into the Liang wife qi its appearance, yin vertical return." There is also a wild history that Nurhachi was accepted in Li Chengliang account as a young boy, a few years before escaping. The end of the chronicle of the Ming Dynasty says that although Taksi belonged to the line of Wang Gao, but had already affiliated with Li Chengliang, died in battle as the precursor of this action. Therefore, Li Chengliang sent the land and men left by Taksi to Nurhachu, and gave the Governor's Royal Decree, which made him command the title of Governor. Nurhachu later wings full, unified the female real ministries, after the establishment of the Yuan Jin, the father's ancestral revenge is his so-called "seven great hatred" one of the Ming.
Li Chengliang Zhenbian's brilliant achievements make "the emperor always sacrificed to the suburban temple, by courtiers congratulations, python clothes and gold fabrics years to give thick stacks." Into the title of Ningyuan Burr, and add Prince Shao Bao, too Fu, Shijian Jin Yi commanders and other honorary positions, "son such as pine, such as cypress, such as Svayeng, such as camphor, such as plum are for the general officer; such as Zi, such as Zi, such as Gui, such as the nan, but also the officer to the general." A time when the work of the world, the right hectares Liaodong, became the authentic northeastern marshal.
The power to bring is corruption, Li Chengliang's eminence so that "the children are listed in the lofty rank, the servants are not glorious", his personal is "noble and proud, extravagant". Ming Dynasty political style to the Wanli years has been quite debilitating, the scholars of party camping, bribery, everything depends on talking about favors, climbing relations, drilling square. Although Li Chengliang high power, this aspect is not ambiguous, he gold and silver "to instill the power of the door, the knot Na Shi, Chinese and foreign dignitaries, all full of its heavy yuyin, for the left and right", even if Zhang Juzheng, dictatorship has also received his bribes. The Ming Dynasty History blames Li Chengliang for "caging all the profits of the merchants and people in Liao into himself", which is of course an exaggeration, but Li Chengliang was not only in control of the military in Liaodong, but also controlled the economy of Northeast China, with "military costs, horse prices, salt lessons, market rewards, and yearly dry no cost", and he was a warlord. The first time I saw this, I was able to see the whole thing, and I was able to see the whole thing, and I was able to see the whole thing.
Li Chengliang military and Qi Jiguang different, Qi Jiguang rely on the system to lead the troops, Li Chengliang rely on personal prestige and appeal, the reward for meritorious generals is very thick, rely on allow to glory and wealth to motivate morale. Therefore, later, "Chengliang all war power through the healthy children. Subsequent children Li Pinghu, Li Ning, Li Xing, Qin Deyi, Sun Shoulien generation are rich and powerful, embracing the exclusive city, the twilight hard to revitalize." The early years of the loss of the enterprising spirit, the work gradually from prosperity to decline. First of all, there is the matter of war cowardice, and then rumors of covering up the defeat for the success, killing Liang and risking the success of the behavior, although these are the subordinates, but Li Chengliang can not be blamed. Wanli nineteen years in March, "Cheng Liang ...... make vice general Li Ning and other out of Zhenyi Fort sneak attack board rise ...... division also met the enemy, the dead thousands of people. Cheng Liang and Governor Jianda not to hear." This incident became a fuse, some of its dissatisfaction with the Beijing officials began to make a big fuss, have condemned, Li Chengliang see the situation is unfavorable, petitioned to resign. After twenty-two years in Zhenliao, Li Chengliang was forced to retire to the second line.
After Li Chengliang left his post, there is no competent person in Liaodong, "ten years between the change of eight marshals, the border is more relaxed". Li Chengliang eldest son Li Rusong is also a generation of famous generals, Wanli mid aid North Korea, Ping Bo Bay's two major battles are the main generals, and all with a complete victory. Wanli 25 years, despite a lot of criticism, "the word of the road back to the chapter to fight, the emperor set not to report", and finally let Li Rusong as Liaodong General. Unfortunately, Li Rusong was killed in battle with the Mongol tribes a year later. The situation in Liaodong is not optimistic, so Li Chengliang was forced to come back to the mountain, this time Li Chengliang has been eighty years old.
At this time, Liaodong, has not been the same time, Jianzhou female true ministry under the leadership of Nurhachu increasingly powerful, has made the four sides of the ministries afraid to serve, difficult to shake. Li Chengliang had to change the strategy, turn offense into defense, give up the Kuandian area, the local residents moved into the interior, the purpose of one for the wall, the second is to create a buffer zone conducive to attack and defense, curbing the invasion of female real. This move in the strategy is not at fault, but the capital of the speech of the officials have heard the outcry, have accused Li Chengliang give up the country, loss of power and humiliation of the country, which also includes later than Li Chengliang more conservative than the town of Liaodong, the famous minister Xiong Tingbi. However, this time the emperor to stand on the side of Li Chengliang, on all sides of the accusation, "Emperor Su favor Chengliang, all stay in the next."
Li Chengliang resumed his post, the main caress, advocating for the northern ministries of the official civil trade exchanges, "the ministries of the delayed city to appreciate the benefits, and compete for money." Since then, nearly nine years of time, Liaodong stability without war.
In June of the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Wanli, Li Chengliang passed away, "on the order of the public funeral". A famous general was buried in the white waters of the Black Mountain, where he spent his life, and the dynasty that buried him was destroyed by civil strife half a century later, and was buried under the iron horse of the new nation from this land.
Yelu Liuguo
Yelu Liuguo (1165--1220), the Jin Dynasty people of Xinxing (ancient Yinzhou), the ethnicity of the Khitans, was originally the Jin north side of the thousand households. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Mongols Temujin (Chenggis Khan) to build the Mongolian state, the Jin Dynasty on the territory of the Liao Dynasty remnants of the Khitan people have doubts, vigilance, fear of its echo with the Mongols; therefore, the territory of the order, where the Khitan people living, must be two households of female folder a household of the Khitan. Yelu Liuguo can not stand Jin this discrimination and fled, non Shen (1212) years in Hanzhou (now Changtu eight side of the city), Long'an (Jilin Nong'an) around the flag gathering of the Khitans and Jin confrontation. The surrounding Khitan people responded, gathering more than 100,000 people in a few months. Yelu Liuguo was elected as the marshal. When the Mongolian army attacked the gold, Yelu Liuguo immediately to the name of the Khitan army to cast Mongolia, Chenggis Khan allowed it to remain in the same place.
In the following year, the gold sent general Pu Xian Wan Nu siege Yelu Liuguo, Yelu Liuguo and its battle in the return to the county (now Changtu four sides of the city) area, routed the gold soldiers, Yelu Liuguo take advantage of the situation all the counties of Liaodong; into the Liao King, "so the capital of the Hampyeong (now the Kaifeng), the name of the central capital". At that time, some people advised Yelu Liuguo to make himself emperor, but Liuguo refused, saying that he had been subjected to Mongolia, and would never make himself emperor. Later, Yelu Liuguo again broke the gold Tokyo (now Liaoyang), then, with more than ninety cars of gold and silver to see Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan praised him for his "righteousness and obedience", and appointed him King of Liao, stationed in Hampyeong, and gave him a golden tiger talisman. Gengchen year (1220) Yelu Liuguo died at the age of 56. His son inherited the title, once with Genghis Khan's western campaign, won the favor, and then moved to Guangning (now Liaoning Province, Beining City).
Gao Qipei
Gao Qipei, born in 1660, died in 1734, Tieling (now Liaoning). He was born in 1660 and died in 1734, a native of Tieling (now Liaoning). Affiliated with the Han army, his father, Tianjue, to the shade of Suzhou governor, Palace to the Ministry of Justice, Minister of Salt Transportation in Zhejiang. After his death, his posthumous name was Keqin. He was good at painting birds, flowers, animals, figures and landscapes, and his concise and strong place was close to Wu Wei of the Ming Dynasty. Especially known for finger painting. Nephew and grandson Gao Bing wrote a "finger painting" a description of his painting method and anecdotes. His paintings include Goka Independence, Rice Praying Mantis, Pine Shade Xiaoqi, and Finger Painting Characters (10 pages). Out of the Hunt, silk, finger-painting with colors. Vertical 141 centimeters, horizontal 77 centimeters. Now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum. This picture depicts the scene of hunting in the field. In terms of compositional treatment, the upper part of the picture is painted with two old trees, occupying one-third of the picture, in the method of "interception". The two old trees are both intercepted a section of the trunk, this close-up view is limited, but evocative. The next two-thirds of the picture depicts the hunter's hunting scene. The hunter's appearance is vivid. The hound is following the horse, staring back at the prey with alarm, and its posture of probing and cocking its tail is also very evocative. This picture is also characterized in the performance technique, the character folds, dogs, horses and other lines of the silhouette, sketched with nails, fine and strong, randomly flying, both clumsy and live. From this picture, we can see that the author's finger ink is extremely handy, without leaving the slightest trace of fingerprints and ink traces, seeking to run in the rules, and properly play the finger ink painting specialties.
Painting spring pond not see the sloping bank, the surface of the mandarin ducks swimming in the willow, willow branches fluttering in the wind, birds flying up and down. Finger ink sketchy, thick and thin baking, so that the picture produces a sense of movement of the lower left self-titled "early summer of the Kangxi nonce, Tieling Gao Qipei finger painting", nonce for the fifty-first year of the Kangxi period (1712), the painter was forty-one years old when he was made.
Wei Xiejun
Wei Xiejun (1812-1889), Tieling people. Initially named Changtai, the word Ziheng, also known as Boyang, Gongyin, No. plowing stone old man, also known as Zhiting, the old farmer, the mountain man, alias Tiemin, Jiumei Jushi. Because of the admiration of Zheng Banqiao (Zheng Banqiao name Zheng Xie), he changed his name to Xiejun. Wei Xiejun juvenile study, life good learning. He was fond of ancient literature, good at calligraphy and better at writing poems. Xianfeng years for the county school for the tributary (Xiu Cai), had done five years in the Simatai House Secretary, and then back to Tieling in the city south of the red apricot village (today's Tieling County, Li Qiandu Township, red apricot Tun) dozens of acres of land, while farming, while the love of the landscape, writing and painting poetry. Lasted more than 30 years, into more than 3,000 poems, authored the "Nine Plum Village Poetry", "Xiangxue Zhai Notes", "Dream Plum Xuan Miscellaneous Writings", "Deserted History Chronicles" and so on.
In the third year of the Tongzhi era (1864), Wei Xiejun, who was 52 years old, went to Beijing to take the examination with great hesitation and ambition, but failed to achieve the desired result. Although the examination failed, but the examiner on its calligraphy but high evaluation. Wei Xiejun calligraphy to Song Huang Tingjian and Ming painter Dong Qichang for the clan, good at regular script, fine cursive, smooth, vigorous, refined penmanship, handsome and superb. The examiner wrote down on his scroll "character vibration of the nine states" criticism. For a while, "word shocked nine states Wei Xiejun" became the same name as "the text pressure three rivers Wang Erlie", and even became the folk recitation couplets. Wei Xiejun life attack poetry, but with calligraphy widely known in the dynasty, in the northeast is famous.
Wei Xiejun old age seclusion in mountain villages, do not walk in the city, often curved staff in the mountains, daily to teach for fun, willing to be a poor scholar, do not compete for fame and fortune, planting flowers to learn the word, until Guangxu 15 years (1889) 77 years old and died, has always been living as a hermit. He wrote in his poem "Idle Habitation": "I cover the door of my house as a corrupt scholar, and I do not want to compete for fame and fortune. The broken hedges are mended with thorns, and the old house is newly thatched with reeds and rushes. Planting trees and flowers is a work of art, and writing three pages of characters is considered as work. If you want to prevent poets and friends from coming to your house, you should prepare a pot of wine for your bedside."
Ren Fuchen
Ren Fuchen (1884--1918) was the first Bolshevik in China. He was the first Bolshevik in China, a great ****productivist fighter who took part in the October Revolution in Russia, an outstanding leader of Chinese laborers, and the head of the Red Eagle Regiment of the Red Army of Soviet Russia. Ren Fuchen was born in Hejianxin Village, Zhenxibao Township, Tieling County. When he was a teenager, he studied at the famous Yinguang Academy in Tieling, and lived, studied and worked in Tieling, Shenyang and Harbin successively.At the beginning of the 20th century, China was in an abyss of extreme crisis due to internal and external troubles and sufferings. The dark reality y inspired the young Ren Fuchen's sense of mission to save the country and the people. When Ren Fuchen was 17 years old, he worked as a clerk on the Russian-built Middle East Railroad and learned Russian. 1908, at the age of 24, while working as a Chinese language instructor at the Russian Officers' Academy in Harbin, Ren Fuchen became acquainted with young officers of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), which was still in a secretive state, and came into contact with the theory of the proletarian revolution, and secretly joined the "Poor Party", as the Chinese workers called it at the time. In that year, he secretly joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks), which was then called the "poor party" by Chinese workers, and embarked on the path of revolution.
In 1914, the First World War broke out, and according to the rules of the Allied Powers, Russia called a group of Chinese laborers in China to go to Russia to log and mine. Ren Fuchen was commissioned by the Bolshevik Party to take 2000 Chinese laborers to the Alabayevsk mine in Perm Province in the Urals region of Russia in his capacity as a member of the Foreign Office, and to carry out revolutionary activities among the Chinese laborers.
In 1917, when the Great October Revolution broke out, Ren Fuchen was instructed to organize the Chinese workers in Russia into a "Chinese regiment" to be integrated into the Red Army of the Soviet Union, and to take part in the defense of the new Soviet regime. After the October Revolution, the struggle in Russia was extremely fierce, and battles were especially frequent. The "Chinese Regiment" was formed more than a year ago and fought hundreds of battles. Because the Chinese Regiment was especially capable of fighting, it was often sent to serve as the main force in the most critical and arduous battles, and became a heroic unit in the eastern theater of the war that most terrified the enemy, and was therefore named the "Red Eagle Regiment" by the Soviet Central Committee. The newspapers "**** Proletarian" and "Urals Worker" at that time said that "the Chinese regiment is one of the best Red Army companies on our front". Late on the night of November 29, Ren Fuchen, who was the commander-in-chief of the Ural region's Viya battlefield, died in a fierce battle with the white bandits of Golchak, and sacrificed his youth for the establishment and consolidation of the first socialist regime of mankind.
After Ren Fuchen's death, the great revolutionary mentor Lenin received his wife and children and praised him as a brave warrior, excellent commander, and a good Bolshevik. 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai said about Ren Fuchen: Comrade Ren Fuchen sacrificed his life for the cause of the liberation of the proletariat as early as during the October Revolution, and he was a martyr of ours, and his revolutionary performance was the glory of our country. On November 2, 1989, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the former USSR held a ceremony in Beijing to posthumously award the Order of the Red Banner to Ren Fuchen, the hero of Chinese internationalism. On November 28, 1993, the Tieling Municipal People's Government held a grand unveiling ceremony for the completion of the statue of Ren Fuchen at the Tieling Martyrs' Cemetery. The leaders of the municipal party committee and the municipal government said in their speeches: Ren Fuchen is a great internationalist warrior, a hero of the proletariat, a good son of the Chinese people, a vanguard of the youth of Liaobei, and the pride of the people of Liaobei!
Zhao Benshan
Born on October 2, 1957 in Tieling Kaiyuan City, Lotus Village, Shizui Gou, crop farmers grew up in the folk acting wizards. Zhao Benshan's comedy sketches known to women and children, famous overseas, for many years to win the first prize of the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, known as the audience as the "red comedian" "King of the sketches" "God of the earth". He has been honored as "Red Comedian", "King of Sketch", "God of Earth", "Oriental Chaplin", "Chinese Comedian" and so on. He has high artistic virtues and does not forget his hometown, and has donated hundreds of thousands of dollars for the disaster area and for the construction of roads for his hometown's hope project. Liu Laogan", "Liu Laogan Ⅱ", "Ma Dashai" series of TV dramas as the director and protagonist, in addition to directing and acting in the "rural love" story, "Mr. Guandong", China's film and television comedy a big step forward. Zhao Benshan is now Tieling City Folk Art Troupe national level actors, members of the Chinese Opera Association, Liaoning Provincial Association of Opera Artists vice chairman, member of the National Youth Federation, Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Tieling City Ambassador.