The history of China from 1919 to 1949 can be roughly divided into the following stages:
I. The Rise of the Democratic Revolution
At the initiative of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Xing Zhong Hui (Society for the Promotion of Chinese Culture), together with the Huaxing Hui (Society for China's Development), the Guang Fu Hui (Society for the Restoration of Virtue), and a number of other revolutionary groups, formed the Chinese Allied Society in Tokyo, Japan, in 1905.
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, under the leadership of the revolution, the revolutionary army struggled valiantly, invincible, and quickly occupied the city of Wuchang. The revolutionaries changed the name of the country to the Republic of China and elected Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president of the Republic of China. However, the victorious fruits of the Xinhai Revolution were stolen by Yuan Shikai.
In March 1912, Yuan Shikai was inaugurated as the provisional president of the Republic of China in Beijing. The Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen was a great bourgeois democratic revolution in modern Chinese society, which overthrew the feudal monarchical autocracy that had ruled China for more than 2,000 years. It was a great transformation and progress of Chinese society! Although this revolution did not change the nature of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, it opened the way for the development of new revolutionary struggles in the future.?
Two, the rule of the Northern Warlords
On May 4, 1919, more than 3,000 students in Beijing held a demonstration in front of Tiananmen Square. The May Fourth Patriotic Movement was a patriotic movement that was thoroughly opposed to imperialism and thoroughly opposed to feudalism. In this movement, the Chinese proletariat began to enter the political arena and showed great strength; the advanced intellectuals of China played an important role.
The May Fourth Patriotic Movement, which took place after the October Socialist Revolution in Russia, was part of the proletarian world revolution and gave impetus to the propagation of Marxism.
Third, the development of the National Revolution
In January 1924, the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) held its first national congress in Guangzhou, and pursued a policy of alliance with Russia and cooperation with the Soviet Union and the Chinese ****production party. The two sides began their first cooperation, kicking off the National Revolution.
On July 1, 1925, the National Government was established in Guangzhou, and on July 9, 1926, the National Government began the War of Northern Expedition, and the National Revolutionary Army rose up from Guangdong, and in the consecutive victories in Changsha, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai, successively eliminated the old Beiyang warlords, such as Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang, and the National Revolution entered into a climax.
With the victory of the Northern Expedition, the conflicts between the state **** and the leftist and rightist factions of the KMT became increasingly intensified, and on April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek staged a counter-revolutionary coup d'état on April 12, which led to the first public breakup of the cooperation between the state ****. On July 15 of the same year, Wang Ching-wei put forward the slogan of "Better to kill a thousand people in vain than to let one person miss the net" for the massacre of the ****-producers and revolutionary masses, which was known as the "July 15th" counter-revolutionary coup d'etat. July 15th" counter-revolutionary coup. From then on, civil war replaced unity, and dictatorship replaced democracy. The National Revolution failed.
The failure of the National Revolution was due, on the one hand, to the fact that the international imperialists jointly supported the right wing of the Kuomintang in staging a mutiny, and the counter-revolutionary forces greatly exceeded those of the revolution; on the other hand, it was due to the fact that China's ****-producing party was still in its infancy, and it lacked experience in the struggle. At the later stage of the National Revolution the leader Chen Duxiu again made the mistake of right-leaning capitulationism and gave up the leadership of the revolution, so that he could not effectively organize the people's resistance when the enemy launched a sudden attack.
V. Ten Years of Confrontation between the State***
On August 1, 1927, the Nanchang Uprising, led by Zhou Enlai, Tan Pingshan, Ye Ting, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and other C***s, was a revolutionary uprising in the period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, succeeding Sun Yat-sen's Wuchang Revolutionary Uprising, in which the C***s, in conjunction with the leftist faction of the Kuomintang, fired the first shot in the armed resistance against the reactionary faction of the Kuomintang, and opened the door for the C***s. On September 9, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and created the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. It opened up a new situation of armed rule by workers and peasants.
On September 18, 1931, the September 18th Incident broke out. The contradiction between Japan and China further intensified, and the rise in the status of the Japanese military department of the Japanese domestic main war, resulting in Japan embarked on the road of full-scale invasion of China, for the full outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan laid the fuse. Japan's Kwantung Army occupied the three northeastern provinces of China, and the use of defection to Japan's former Qing dynasty emperor Puyi in the northeast to establish a puppet regime in Manchukuo, the implementation of 14 years of colonial rule.
In October 1934, the main force of the Central Red Army began the Long March. In November of the same year and April of the following year, the Red 25th Army in the revolutionary base area of the EYA and the Red 4th Army in the revolutionary base area of Sichuan and Shaanxi started the Long March, and in November 1935, the Red 2nd and 6th Army Corps in the revolutionary base area of western Hunan and Ezhou also left the base area to start the Long March.
In June 1936, the Second and Sixth Army Corps formed the Second Front Army. In October of the same year, the First, Second and Fourth Front Armies of the Red Army met victoriously in Huining, Gansu Province, ending the Long March. The Red Army's Long March lasted one year, and covered eleven provinces, covering a distance of about 25,000 miles. the Xi'an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and established the idea of a united front for the anti-Japanese nation.
Sixth, the war of resistance against Japan
In 1931, the Japanese invasion of China launched the September 18th Incident, completely occupied northeastern China, and set up the pseudo-Manchukuo, and since then, one after another in northern China, Shanghai and other places to create trouble, provoked the war, the national government adopted a policy of compromise to avoid the expansion of the conflict. July 7, 1937, the Japanese army in the vicinity of Peking provoked the Lugouqiao Incident, the war of China and Japan broke out in full force. After Japan launched the Pacific War on Dec. 7, 1941, the national government in Chongqing formally declared war on Japan on Dec. 9. On Aug. 15, 1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered to the Allies.
The Chinese battlefield was one of the main battlefields of World War II. The Chinese people's war of resistance against Japan is an important part of World War II. The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan is the greatest war of national defense in the history of the Chinese nation, the just war of the Chinese people against the aggression of Japanese imperialism, an important part of the world anti-fascist war, and the first war of national liberation in which China has achieved a complete victory in its resistance to foreign invasion in modern times.
VII. War of Liberation
The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), under the leadership of the Chinese *** Party and with the support of the broad masses of the people from August 1945 to June 1950, fought a war to overthrow the rule of the Kuomintang (KMT) and liberate the whole of China, during which it *** wiped out the Kuomintang army of more than 6.25 million, destroyed the Kuomintang's reactionary regimes at all levels, and fundamentally overthrew imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism in China.On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China were proclaimed.
References:
Chinese Modern History (Chinese History) -Baidu Encyclopedia
Liberation War - Baidu Encyclopedia
Anti-Japanese War - Baidu Encyclopedia
Country*** Civil War_Baidu Encyclopedia