I, the teaching characteristics of popular sports dance
(a) focus on physical art training
Sports dance is an "aesthetic" sports, it is both focus on the human body beauty, but also emphasize the artistic athletic projects. This human body beauty we refer to the "artistic" body type, which is characterized by all parts of the body muscle lengthening, fat reduction, limbs long, with good muscle coordination, flexibility to achieve the movement beautiful and moving. It should not only meet the needs of sport dance movement itself, but also conform to the aesthetic concept of modern people. Therefore, through the physical training in the physical beauty of the basic outline to achieve a variety of static postures and dynamic movements of the human body, including standing, walking, sitting, lying and other gestures of beauty, which is indispensable for the dancers.
Specialized training in physical form can provide good physical conditions for technical training in sports dance and lay a good foundation for learning sports dance. Comprehensive physical art training, in addition to the beauty of the human form, but also includes strength, control and endurance training, flexibility, coordination and agility training. With these abilities, the dancers may be able to make comfortable and smooth, large-scale beautiful movements, rich in expressive to complete the incomparable wonderful, complex and novel performance movements. Physical training should be carried out throughout the whole process of teaching.
(2) focus on the foundation, stage by stage, step by step
Sports dance is a self-contained system of dance competition. To master the technical movements of sports dance and grasp the artistic style of sports dance, it is necessary to carry out the study and training of special basic movements, starting from these basic elements, including standing, rising and falling, advancing and retreating, the conversion and movement of the center of gravity, as well as reversing, rotating, balancing, and extending. These movements are separated from the basic technical movements as specialized exercises that help in the learning of the basic technical movements.
The teaching from shallow to deep, step by step, includes two meanings: one is the technical movements from simple to complex, from independent movements to combination movements; the other is the technical requirements from low to high, from upright, footwork, orientation, rotation to rotation, reversal, swing, tilt and so on, according to the different levels of the dancers, different stages of the step-by-step teaching.
(C) double teaching
Sports dance is a double dance, which requires us to design and consider the teaching content and method from the characteristic of "double" in the whole teaching process. Student learning "group" characteristics, making the learning process more difficult and complex, generally take a single person to learn, double practice method, that is, the technical movements and dance steps first by a single person to learn and master, and then two people with practice to adjust and improve. Whether the action is mastered, the action is completed good or bad, the level of action is ultimately through the two-person dance embodiment and show out. Pairwork is the most important form of practice in sports dance, and it is also the most skillful, complicated and difficult practice. The man must guide and imply to the woman under the premise of decisiveness, initiative and accuracy in the choice of dance steps, change of orientation, grasp of dance styles and presentation, etc. The woman, on the other hand, must make agile and appropriate moves. The woman, on the other hand, should make agile, appropriate and accurate response, and obey and follow naturally and actively. This is the basic condition for the pair to cooperate, and also the basic factor to decide to cooperate harmoniously and beautifully. Therefore, this also requires a relatively fixed partner. The higher the level, the more so. At the same time, this also requires teachers in the teaching process in addition to let the students correctly master the single technical movements, but also to the pair with the completion of the beautiful and comfortable, wonderful and smooth movements as the main content of the teaching and an important form.
(D) the integrated beauty of teaching
Sports dance is a combination of the beauty of dance, music, clothing and other elements, so in teaching, should emphasize the principle of this "beauty". Music can give people imagination and expressive power, cultivate a sense of rhythm and rhythm of action, beautiful music will stimulate students' interest in learning, enhance their confidence in completing the action and the desire to perform. In the melody of the music, the image of the beauty of movement and music constantly appears. Clothing beauty is also an important aspect of sports dance, in teaching and training should also emphasize the principle of "beauty". Suitable training clothes can highlight the beautiful lines of the human body, show the dance style, more reflective of the effect of dance movements, constitute a coordinated, harmonious and perfect whole, thus improving the learning effect and accelerating the teaching process.
In sports dance competitions and performances, the beauty of the action, music, clothing, and more to create the perfect mood of sports dance, fully embodies the characteristics of the beauty of sports dance, giving people a new aesthetic experience.
The teaching method of popular sports dance
The teaching method of sports dance refers to the way or means by which teachers teach a certain range of sports dance knowledge, technology and skills to students in the teaching process. Scientific selection and use of teaching methods is of great significance for teachers and students to successfully complete the teaching task and improve the quality of teaching.
(I) Complete and Decomposed Method
1. Complete method refers to the complete teaching of the movement learned by the teacher, that is, from the beginning to the end of the movement is not divided into paragraphs, directly taught to the students, after a complete explanation, a complete demonstration, a complete exercise, to master the movement of a method. This method is widely used in the teaching of sports dance, suitable for movement difficulty and the level of students to adapt to the easy to learn movements, and students generally already have a certain foundation, mastered a certain amount of individual movements, and then on this basis for the complete movement of learning.
The advantage of the complete method is that it enables students to establish a correct and complete concept of movement at the beginning, and does not affect the structure of the movement and the connection of the movement in the practice; the disadvantage is that it is not easy for students to master the details of the movement and the more difficult aspects.
2. Decomposition method
Decomposition method refers to the teacher to learn the action, according to its technical links into several independent parts or paragraphs, the teacher one by one each part of the decomposition of the method taught to students. That is, through the decomposition of the explanation, decomposition demonstration, decomposition practice, to master the movement method. The decomposition method is mainly used for the teaching of more complex movements, such as complex individual movements, combined movements, complete sets of movements.
The advantage of the decomposition method is that it simplifies the complex movements, does not make the students feel afraid when they start to learn, and facilitates the mastery of the details of the movements, improves the learning efficiency, and strengthens the confidence of learning. However, the decomposition method is easy to make the action and action disconnect, the connection technology has been damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to transition to the complete method to teach.
The use of complete method and decomposition method of teaching should pay attention to the following points: (1) in the study of simple structure of the movement, the complete method of teaching.
(2) in the learning of more complex movements, can be used to slow down the complete practice method, to be established by the students after the concept of movement, and then according to the normal speed of complete teaching.
(3) for the more difficult and complex movements, often pre-breakdown of the movement into a few partial movements were taught, to be basically mastered by the students of the decomposition of the movement, and then the complete movement of the teaching.
In the process of teaching practice, the complete method and the decomposition method is closely integrated, cross use, decomposition of the purpose is to complete the mastery of technical movements, this method is also in other teaching methods.
(2) Explanation and demonstration method
1. Explanation method is the most important and commonly used method in the teaching process. Explanation is a kind of audible "demonstration", is an effective way to enable students to establish the correct concept of movement. Through the explanation to the students to explain the task of learning, action, practice methods, to help students correct errors, and then clarify the technical key and ideological education.
The basic requirements of the explanation method: (1) the explanation should have a clear purpose and relevance. To focus on teaching tasks, teaching content, for different students and different learning stages, targeted, clear what to say, how to say.
(2) The explanation should be scientific. The action taught should be correct, the terminology should be standardized and accurate, and the content of the explanation should be logical.
(3) The explanation should be inspiring. Through prompting, questioning, so that students with the teacher's explanation to think and answer questions, a better understanding of the action and "eat through" the action, on the basis of what has been learned to consolidate the old knowledge, access to new knowledge.
(4) The explanation should be vivid. Explanation of the language of the strong and weak and slow, tone of voice, appropriate gestures and eyes, will enhance the infectious power of the language, so that the language is more vivid, image, easy to understand, memorable, to help students image thinking, stimulate the students' interest in learning and emotions.
2. Demonstration method
Demonstration method is a direct action by the teacher, it is the most vivid and realistic way of visual teaching. Demonstration than explanation can be more clear, more specific, more image of the action will be displayed in front of the students, conducive to student observation and imitation, the establishment of the correct performance and concept of action, demonstration combined with explanation can better reflect the effect of demonstration.
The basic requirements of the demonstration method: (1) the demonstration should have a clear purpose. According to the teaching task and the level of the students, so that the students with the teacher's demonstration, while watching and thinking, to understand the details of the movement and technical key.
(2) The demonstration should be correct. The teacher's demonstration requires standardized and accurate movements, clear and skillful, beautiful posture and rhythm, leaving a deep impression on the students and making them eager to try.
(3) The demonstration should pay attention to the angle and position. The choice of location is based on the principle that all students can see clearly. According to the specific action to choose the appropriate angle and direction, is conducive to the students to observe and intuitively grasp the direction and angle of the action prescribed.
(4) The combination of demonstration and explanation of correct and incorrect comparisons. In the demonstration of the correct action at the same time, the demonstration of the wrong action, positive and negative comparison, so that students know the wrong place to correct the wrong action (pay attention to do the wrong action, do not over-exaggerate). Demonstration and then combined with explanation, while demonstration and explanation, will enhance the interest in learning, accelerate the mastery of technical movements, to achieve better teaching results.
(3) Leading and guiding method
1. The leading method refers to the teacher leading the students to do the action together, the teacher plays the role of demonstration. This is a commonly used method in teaching.
The requirements of the leading method: (1) the action is often modeled in the mirror. Mirror demonstration is conducive to the teacher to observe the students to master the movement. For the direction, rotation requirements of the combination of movements, or to lead students to practice, often using the back of the demonstration led.
(2) Control the speed and rhythm of leading. In the more complex movements and movements with a certain degree of difficulty, you should slow down the speed or use slow rhythm music. When encountering faster and more difficult movements in combination movement learning, the beat or rhythm of the movement can be changed or prolonged under the premise of reasonable structure. When the students are correctly and skillfully mastered, then reach the required normal speed.
2. Guiding methodThe guiding method is a method in which the teacher replaces the boy (or girl) as the dance partner to guide the girl (or boy) in teaching. Through the teacher's overall guidance, students can feel more clearly and directly the technical requirements and requirements of the action, in grasping the action can be more specific, more accurate, especially in the development of movement, music processing, artistic expression and dance style grasp, etc., to give students a more comprehensive and finer guidance, to achieve the effect of fine-tuning is to cultivate a high level of dancers commonly used methods. This is also the so-called "small class" or "private class" in the sports dance teaching refers to the main form and method.
(4) Repetition and Cueing Method
1. Repetition method refers to the teaching method of practicing repeatedly according to the main points of the movement. Whether it is a single movement, a combination of movements and sets of movements, purposeful repetition is an important way for students to learn, improve and consolidate their movements.
The basic requirements of the repetition method: (1) the repetition of individual movements: one is to practice according to the decomposition of body parts. For example, the practice of ascending and descending lifting order. The other is to connect the individual movements to repeat the exercise. For example, the waltz "left and change step", "right and change step" connected to the repetition of forward and backward exercises.
(2)Repetition of combination movements: one is to select a section or a few movements from a complete combination or a complete set of movements, or to design a few movements for teaching purposes, to repeat the small combination of exercises; the other is to carry out a class of movements, such as the standard dance, "and back to the left" to connect the "sliding axis turn step". Another kind of practice is to practice one kind of movement, such as the series of repetitions of left turn from "parallel back left turn" to "sliding axis turn step" in standard dance. Through these exercises, it helps students to improve the proficiency of movements and improve the quality of movements.
(3) Prevent the repetition of wrong movements. In the teaching process, repetitions are carried out in order to improve the quality of the movement, so that the wrong movements can be detected and corrected in time to prevent the stereotyping of the wrong movements.
(4)Reasonable arrangement of the number of repetitions. Through the repetition of exercises, the requirements to achieve the stage of the teacher's established quality requirements, so as not to reduce the quality of practice, but also suitable for the student's loading capacity. Too few repetitions can not achieve the effect; too many repetitions, easy to make students lose interest in practicing.
2. Cue method
The cue method refers to a teaching method in which the teacher uses brief language and simple actions to prompt the essentials, correct errors, and guide students to practice.
The basic requirements of the cue method: (1) the rhythmic instructions. In order to help students master the action and music, commonly used beat password, sometimes supplemented by sound, such as available high-five sound prompting action rhythm and rhythm of the strong and weak.
(2) the action of the connection of the prompt. In order to help memorize, can be in the previous action is about to end, timely prompting the following connection action. This is a method used when the student is not skilled in the movement or to help him or her grasp the correct rhythm of the movement.
(3) Cues to technical movement and gesture expression. Cue in the dance students to pay attention to the place and to achieve the effect, such as "shoulder guide", "head up", "extension" and so on. The language of the prompts should be in line with the music, sound and emotion, and play an infectious role in the students.
(4) Prompts with body movements. Can be body movements, gestures, facial expressions and eyes, etc., in the use of movement, gestures should strive to achieve appropriate, accurate and timely, to enable students to clearly understand the teacher's intentions. Use expressions and eyes, such as smiling, nodding, looking at each other, etc. to motivate students to enter a good state of dance.
Additionally, beginners of popular sports dance should pay attention to:1. not to be too eager for quick success
Generally, beginners of dance, out of the love of sports dance, are always eager to master all the dance skills as soon as possible, and so they pursue the number of dance movements, while ignoring the quality of the movements, i.e., the degree of standardization of the dance movements. The disadvantage is that although students learn the most dance movements in the shortest possible time, most of the dance movements are not standardized enough, and the inertia of the human body will make it very difficult to correct the non-standard dance movements after getting used to them. Therefore, in the learning of sports dance movements, from the beginning should be strict requirements for their own, try to make the dance movements more standard, step by step in order to learn.
2. Can't pursue the combination of flower step too early
Part of the students in the study of sports dance, the basic movements have not been fully mastered, and the movement is not standardized enough, then began to pursue the combination of flower step. In fact, the combination of flower step is built on solid basic movements, only to lay down solid basic skills, in order to target their own characteristics to a higher level.
3. Gesture is very important
Dance is a kind of human body movement art, most of its artistic characteristics and beauty are relying on the body posture expression, sports dance is the same. Elegant and generous, free posture will make the dancers refreshing, refreshing the audience. In sports dance exercise, should always keep the head up, chest, abdomen, waist, shoulders flat, knee relaxation, thighs and buttocks clamped up the correct posture.
4. Get rid of the shadow of the similarity of form and God is not the same
First-time learners of sports dance, often think that the dance as long as the mastery of the action can be. In fact, dance is not only a combination of body movements, but also a comprehensive performance of movement and charm. If you are only satisfied with the dance movement to learn, will lead to jumping sports dance to no life, no spirit, lack of charm and mood.
5. Can not ignore the dance music (dance music)
Music is the soul of the dance, dancers are always accompanied by beautiful music melody dance. Beginning physical education dance students, should strengthen the music training, learn to grasp the rhythm of the music, appreciate the style of music, do not pay attention to the dance action, resulting in action and music out of touch.
6. Don't change partners too often
It's normal for both dancers to have poor initial coordination due to different levels of learning and physical coordination. Considering the age, height, sense of rhythm, basic dance skills and other factors, beginners should be careful when choosing a dance partner, once selected should help each other, learn from each other, and strive to learn and practice to understand each other, adapt to each other.
7. Do not figure easy
Some people think that sports dance is a kind of recreational dance, sports dance performances seen on TV, most of the dance steps are smooth, harmonious atmosphere, it is thought that sports dance is very simple to learn, and the process is quite pleasant. In fact, the basic skills of sports dance training is quite hard, if not diligently practiced, it is difficult to achieve the imagined level of grace and elegance. Therefore, before learning sports dance, you should set your mind right. You should know that any skill comes through hard learning.
8. From the hobby
Some beginners, learning sports dance is a whim, three minutes after the heat will feel boring, or out of some kind of pressure to learn, so learning will be rootless. As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher, only from their own interests, in order to learn sports dance in the process of spontaneous efforts to study, careful taste, dance will be both the shape and spirit, spilling.
Three, popular sports dance music teaching
Music is the soul of the dance. Sports dance and music are complementary, inseparable, the two have a natural marriage relationship, *** with the creation of the perfect mood of sports dance. Learning dancers not only to learn technical movements and artistic skills, but also have a good cultural literacy and music literacy, in sports dance teaching, music education and dance education should be synchronized.
(I) The role of music teaching on sports dance
1. The difference between sports dance music and appreciation of music
Appreciation of music is as an independent form of the main body of the musical work exists, it is the composer's response to the feelings of the objective object, and will be expressed in the musical work of this reaction, through the performance of musical instruments and human singing to the audience. It is the composer's response to the feelings of objective things. Every music work has its period characteristics and historical background as well as the profound ideological content it expresses. Sports dance music in the dance process, not let the audience simply to appreciate the music, to experience the music works expressed by the ideological content, but play a mutual support, *** with the performance of a mood or a style of role, so that the music and action in the mood, strength, speed, and each other, each other, and enhance the artistry of the dance action and viewability.
2. The role of music in the teaching of physical education dance
(1) helps to cultivate students' sense of rhythm. Melody is the soul of music, rhythm is the basis of music, rhythm is accurate to reflect the rhythm of movement. To learn to distinguish the beat and listen to the rhythm, the rhythm of listening to the right, action and music can be coordinated.
(2) It helps to cultivate students' ability to feel music. Each piece of music has its own different style, all show a certain emotion, all have a certain musical image. And each of us has an innate ability to perceive music. To deepen this ability, to make the perception sharper and the feeling more profound is a learning process to be carried out later in life. In the process of listening to music, you should be able to feel what kind of mood the piece shows and what kind of emotion it expresses, and through the changes in the melody and rhythm of the music, it will be blended to correspond to the changes in strength, speed and amplitude of the movement to stimulate the expressive power and creativity of the students.
(3) It helps to cultivate students' imagination and expressiveness. Music is infectious, beautiful music can stimulate people's emotions, cause beautiful imagination, improve the excitement, so that people spontaneously ask themselves to pursue and express the beauty. A piece of music used in sports dance is limited by time and length, and cannot be like a symphony or concerto to show a major theme and profound theme, but it can show a kind of emotion, reflecting a style. We can imagine and express these different moods according to their joyfulness, lyricism, excitement, and boldness. It is only by being imaginative about music that we can feel the beauty of music and embody that beauty.
(4) It helps to improve students' musical literacy. The need for music is a basic need in the cultural life of mankind, beautiful and elegant music contains subtle noble sentiments, is a powerful means of shaping the human soul, and plays an inspiring, purifying and sublimating role in the human spirit. When the beautiful and healthy music and human inner perception of **** Ming, it can make people produce a noble, righteous, moral feelings, produce the love of life, life and the world, and increase the power to fight for it. Therefore, the continuous improvement of music literacy is also a means to continuously improve the quality of people themselves.
(II) Musical personality in sports dance teaching
Sports dance is always inseparable from music in the process of competition, training and performance, and the music's melody, rhythm, intensity and timbre, structure and characteristics have a great revelation and help to the human emotional changes and human body movement. Similarly, as the soul of sports dance music, with its beautiful melody, distinctive rhythm, colorful style to make the content and artistic expression of sports dance teaching more rich and moving.
1. Rhythm is clear
Rhythm is one of the most important elements of music in sports dance. The rhythm of music refers to the same length or different tones, organized according to certain laws. And the rhythm of dance means that when the dance movement is carried out, there is the rhythm of time, that is, the length, strength and the relationship between each other, through alternation and repetition, change and contrast to the dance movement to the law. Sports dance is different from other dances in that it does not emphasize the ideological content, but rather expresses the basic skills of the human body and dance techniques through the rhythm of music. An important feature of dance is rhythm, and rhythm is the basis of rhythm, leaving the rhythm, rhythmic movement is gone. Therefore, rhythm belongs to music as well as to dance, as long as there is rhythm and beat you can dance.
2. Melodious
Sports dance is a kind of human movement art, is a "beauty" of the sport. Although as long as there is a rhythm can dance, but such a dance will be boring, stiff, and dance in the melody of beautiful movements, can inspire students' rich imagination, play the students' delicate artistic sensibility, so that the rhythm of the dance and the rhythm of the music cleverly combined together, with music to promote and express the dance movements and the articulation between the movements. Music melody can enhance the emotional color, move the heart, cultivate sentiment, so that sports dance has a richer, more beautiful, harmonious form of expression.
3. Outstanding style
Sports dance not only requires the rhythm of the melody of the music, but more importantly, it is important to express the music in the dance. In highlighting the flow of specific rhythms, and strive to achieve the perfect combination of dance image and music image. This is also the pursuit of a higher level of sports dance aesthetic needs, the **** sexualized beat form to a subordinate position, the personalized image of music and rhythmic characteristics into a more prominent position.
Sports dance ten kinds of dance, each dance has its own unique style, and its music has its own distinctive features. It is this music style, dance style of the interplay, will be colorful sports dance performance to the fullest.
(C) the method of music appreciation
1. the ability to listen to the music language music is a kind of auditory art, is the use of sound as a means of expression. Therefore, when appreciating music, the first step must be to understand the various elements of music, as well as their combination according to a certain law to produce the sound effect. Composers create music, there is a set of expression of the system, that is, the language of music. The language of music includes many elements: melody, pitch, rhythm, beat, tempo, intensity, register, timbre, harmony, polyphony, modulation, tonality and so on. The ideological content and artistic beauty of each musical work can only be expressed through various elements. Melody, also known as tune, is the most important means of shaping the image of music and the soul of music. Pitch is to be able to hear the highs and lows of the melody in the music when appreciating the music, and to hear the different kinds of voices that appear in the musical work. In terms of strength, one can hear the contrast between strength and weakness, between majesty and softness when the musical work is sung or played, and the change of strength and weakness of the tone plays a very important role in the shaping of the musical image. Rhythm refers to the relationship between the length and strength of the tones when they are performed, and it is important to be able to hear the different high and low tones, the different lengths of the tones and the different strengths of the tones. There are many different combinations of beats, so it is important to be able to hear whether the music is in 4/4, 3/4, 2/4, or any other beat. In terms of tempo, it is important to be able to tell whether the piece is fast, soothing, or moderate. In terms of timbre, it is important to distinguish between the timbre of different vocals and the timbre of various instruments, while contrasts and variations in timbre can enrich and enhance the expression of the music.
2. Overall Perception of Music
In a musical work, several basic elements of music do not function in isolation. These basic elements, according to the needs of the emotional content of the music, cooperate with each other, according to a certain law composed into a melody. The melody develops continuously to form a certain musical structure. In large-scale instrumental music, multiple voices are played by a variety of instruments. Between the voices, according to the changes in the theme of the piece, together with different harmonies, polyphony and overall effects, different musical images emerge.
When we are enjoying polyphonic music, it is important to listen to how the voices are combined and how the various instruments work together. Through these different combinations, through these harmonies, tonality, and the color changes that can be produced by the cooperation of the various instruments, and what kind of musical effect is produced, so that one has a more complete feeling of the effect of the music. This overall feeling of the piece plays a very important role in music appreciation. A piece of music in the presentation of the theme, the development of the theme, the end of the theme is a gradual display, which in fact is also the content of the music expressed in the statement process. Therefore, when appreciating music, we should follow the process of music, and try to feel the overall structure of the music, in order to understand the ideological content of the music.
3. Memorization of music
Music is the art of time, and music unfolds and manifests itself with the passage of time. This temporal character of music makes the memory of music play an important role in the appreciation of music. In a musical work, the composer will often use the same kind of musical material, repetition, development or change; or with a variety of musical material contrast or juxtaposition. If the appreciator lacks the ability to memorize the music, and has no impression of the musical themes that have appeared in the piece, he can neither well appreciate the music that appears later, nor gain an overall impression from the contrast and development of the music before and after. If the appreciator can well activate his musical memory and listen and feel the music as it progresses, he will be better able to gain an overall impression of the music.
4. Understanding the content of ideas expressed in music
Music is an art that is good at expressing and stimulating emotions. All musical works express the different emotional experiences of composers under the influence of a certain social life, in the rough life experience. For example, Beethoven's "Symphony of Fate" embodies the spirit of Beethoven's lifelong struggle with destiny and never give in to it, and shows a thrilling picture of the grandeur of the battle with destiny.
Given this characteristic of music, it is decided that when we appreciate music, we should understand the background and characteristics of the era of the musical works, and understand the composer's life experience, so that we can appreciate the emotions expressed by the composer in the musical works.
Musical works also have their ideological content, this is because musical works are the reflection of social life in the composer's mind, the German musician Schumann once said: "All the great events of the times moved me, and then I had to show it in music." From this it seems that understanding the content of the ideas expressed in music is an important part of appreciating music.
In vocal works, music is combined with lyrics to **** the same expression of ideological content. Because the lyrics are clear, specific and intuitive, it is easy to understand the ideological content of the musical work. Instrumental works are not, with the title of the instrumental works can also be based on the title to imagine the content of the music to be expressed and the music to show the picture. However, for untitled music, without the help of words, it is much more difficult to understand the ideological content of the musical work. It is necessary for the appreciator to understand the background of the composer's era, the social environment in which he or she lived, as well as the composer's creative thoughts and intentions. In the appreciation, you can also learn from the experts on the interpretation of the content of the music, and in the possible conditions to understand some of the composer's biography, which will help us to understand the work of music.