After the liberation in 1949 until 1988, Cili County belonged to Changde Prefecture, and by the end of 1988, Dayong and Sangzhi were under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture. in May 1988, approved by the State Council, the formation of the provincial prefecture-level city of Dayong. in April 1994, the prefecture-level city of Dayong was renamed Zhangjiajie City. Zhangjiajie City was named after the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, which is famous both at home and abroad.
Zhangjiajie City is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, located in the combination of the uplift of the Guigui Plateau and the Dongting Lake Subsidence Zone, between longitude 109 degrees and 40 minutes to 111 degrees and 20 minutes, latitude 28 degrees and 52 minutes to 29 degrees and 48 minutes, east of the Shimen and Taoyuan counties, south of Yuangling County, and north of the Hubei Province, the Hefeng and Xuanen counties. The city boundary is 167 kilometers longest from east to west and 96 kilometers widest from north to south. The city has a total area of 9,653 square kilometers, accounting for 4.5% of the province's area.
Landscape
Zhangjiajie City has a complex geomorphological structure, mainly mountains, karst, hills, hills and plains, with mountains accounting for 76% of the total area, the most characteristic of which is the quartz sandstone peak forest landforms, which is rare in the world. The terrain of the city is high in the northwest, tilting to the southeast along the river. The Wuling Mountains branch off from the Yunwu Mountains in Guizhou, and after entering Zhangjiajie City, it divides into three mountain systems running through the whole city. Zhangjiajie City has overlapping mountains and great undulations on the surface, with the highest point 1890.4 meters above sea level and the lowest point 75 meters above sea level.
The landscape of the city is mainly mountainous, with the terrain high in the northwest, tilted along the river, and gently low in the middle along the banks of the river in a north-easterly direction, with the mountains in the south descending towards the Yuan River. The Wuling Mountains branch into Zhangjiajie City from the Yunwu Mountains in Guizhou, and are divided into three branches. The northern branch is from the Longshan Mountain in Laifeng, Hubei Province into the Alexandria Mountain, Guiying Mountain and Qinglong Mountain in Sangzhi County under the jurisdiction of Zhangjiajie City; the middle branch is along the northern part of the river, including Tianxing Mountain, Hongxi Mountain, Chaotian Mountain, Qingyan Mountain and Maohua Boundary. The South Branch travels between the Li River and the Yuan River, with the Seven Star Mountain, Chong Mountain, Tianmen Mountain, and extends into the Dalong Mountain and Tianhe Mountain in Cili County. Three branches are to the east to the alluvial plain of Dongting Lake and disappeared.
Zhangjiajie is famous for its unique tourism resources. China's first national forest park Zhangjiajie and Tianzishan, Suoxiyu two nature reserves composed of Wulingyuan Scenic Area covers an area of 369 square kilometers, the area of the world's rare quartz sandstone peaks and canyons as the main landforms, set Guilin's beautiful, Huangshan's strange, Huashan's dangerous, Mount Tai's male in one, hiding bribery, bridges, caves, lakes and waterfalls in one, there is an "expanding bonsai, shrinking the fairy mountain. The "Expanded Bonsai" and "Shrinking Immortal Mountain" are known as the "Expanded Bonsai".
Zhangjiajie is a treasure trove of biological resources, there are 106 families of woody plants, 320 genera 850 species, 146 species of vertebrates. Among them, there are 56 kinds of state-level protected plants and 40 kinds of state-level protected animals. Rare tree species include ginkgo, dove, red bean tree, cherry blossom, etc.; valuable medicinal herbs include ganoderma lucidum, asparagus, he shouwu, eucommia, etc.; rare animals include baby fish, unicorn, Sumen antelope, South China tiger, clouded leopard, rhesus macaques, and spirit cats.
Zhangjiajie is located in the north mid-latitude, belongs to the mid-subtropical mountain prototype monsoon humid climate, abundant heat and light, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period, short cold period, four seasons, the average sunshine, temperature and precipitation in the calendar year, respectively, for 1440 hours, 16 degrees and 1400 millimeters or so, the average frost-free period of the calendar year in the 216 days to 269 days between. Such a climate is conducive to the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, by-products and fisheries. But by the topography, geomorphology and other factors, the territory's climate is complex and variable, drought and flooding, wind and hail and other natural disasters are also relatively frequent.
Tujia year
Tujia people have three times a year, Lunar New Year 29 (or 28) "over the rush year", the lunar calendar June 25 over the "June year", the first day of October over the "October year".
The night of "Catch the New Year", a bonfire is lit in the open field of the village, and the Tujia people dance around the bonfire and sing songs. June year" is due to the Tujia history of an important migration, the completion of the migration of the day is the lunar calendar June 25, the Tujia people in this day to slaughter cattle sacrifices to the gods, and slowly formed over the "June year" of custom." October year" is the Tujia people in the migration to meet the new home of the first harvest season, the first day of October, the Tujia people organized celebrations, pay homage to each other, *** celebration "October year".
The Bai Torch Festival
The Bai people in the Zhangjiajie area hold a torch festival related to the elimination of pests and the protection of crops. Every year on the night of June 25 of the lunar calendar, each family will light torches, and after the torches of the whole village are concentrated, people cross back and forth from the fire to pray to the fire god to get rid of evils and avoid disasters.
In addition, the Zhangjiajie area is characterized by the following festivals:
The second day of February, the land god's birthday, the land will be made.
February 15, the great period of the Flower Morning, young girls piercing ears; men and women more than at this time of marriage.
March 3, the day to eat artemisia, called "Artemisia Festival".
Ching Ming inserted willow leaves in the door, called the "clear door", take a year of family clear auspicious signs. Silk and cotton five-color paper made of colored streamers, hanging on the top of the ancestral graves, relatives for the dead to clean the graves, called "inserting the green" or "hanging green," which means to miss their loved ones.
The eighth day of the fourth month, "Bathing Buddha Festival". On this day, farmers take a day off, is an ancient labor festival in the countryside.
Duanwu Festival, where the nearby temples and monasteries, must be printed to send the image of Zhang Zhenren, to the festival will be hung in the hall, the children will be coated with xionghuang forehead to avoid the "evil spirits". On that day, they eat brown drink calamus, tie wormwood hanging on the lintel. Yongding and Cili nine streams and other places, like the river race dragon boat. Dragon Boat Festival has the size of the points, the fifth of May for the small Dragon Boat, fifteen for the big Dragon Boat.
June 6, the Tujia people tanning clothes, called "Qin after tanning skin", legend has it that this day is the early Ming Dynasty Tujia leader Qin after the anniversary of the martyrdom of the king, a major national holiday for the Tujia people.
July eve, women knot colorful silk to the moon weaving, Chen melon and fruit in the road to sacrifice the cowherd weaving.
Mid-Autumn Festival, the Tujia people are not happy to enjoy the moon, eat moon cakes is the custom of the Tujia people **** there. Tujia people over the Mid-Autumn Festival is unique, they wear bright moonlight, go to the winter melon garden to steal the melon, to the childless couples "send son".
November 19th, for the birth of the sun god, all families are morning incense burning, very respectful.
Zhangjiajie special reminder:
Don't go climbing in the rainy days, a slippery road, the second will be foggy at the top of the mountain, nothing can be seen, it should be 1, 2 hours after the rain to go to the top of the mountain to see the best view; also don't go climbing in the heat of the weather, a physical exertion is too great, and a few of the tops of the mountain are not green shade shade, the person will be sunshine is very dizzy. Zhangjiajie scenic area every year to the Spring Festival, Labor Day, summer vacation, National Day for the tourist season.
Zhangjiajie Cuisine:
The Hunan flavor is very local, and the snacks are famous for their pungency, sourness and spiciness. Stinky tofu, spring rolls, dragon fat pig's blood, braised pig's feet, spicy chicken, hairy cow's lily, Tujia preserved meat, stone frogs, rock ear roast chicken, Dong family pickled fish, Zhijiang duck, Hongjiang duck blood poop, Linwu duck, Xianghuang chicken and so on are all distinctive.
In addition, the Tujia preserved meat series include preserved pork, preserved mutton, preserved beef, preserved dog meat, preserved pig's feet, preserved pig's intestines, preserved blood tofu, etc.; the hot and sour dishes series include preserved wild scallions, preserved greens, preserved pork, preserved fish, preserved corn paste, etc.; the Tujia homemade dishes series include hejia, pumpkin soup, rice bean curd, steamed pork, steamed pork, buckled pork, preserved chicken, preserved chicken, preserved tofu with loach and preserved fish with hot pepper, preserved radish, preserved chicken and preserved pork; preserved vegetables are also popular in Tujia. Chili, pickled carrots, pickled cornstarch, pickled ginger, etc.; wild vegetables such as ground rice vegetables, wild kudzu powder, ferns, ginger, etc. are not to be tasted.
Dining in the Zhangjiajie scenic area is more expensive, with a meat dish costing at least 30 yuan, a game dish 80 yuan or more, and vegetables 15 yuan each, while dining in the outskirts of Zhangjiajie is less expensive. In the evening, travelers can see food stalls everywhere on the street, and the Tujia hot pot is good. But there are many stalls in the scenic area where you can buy cheap Tujia snacks, and the spicy sauce is a must-try Tujia flavor.
Compared with the metropolis, Zhangjiajie's business is still underdeveloped, but the local specialties here, especially the kiwi, Qingyan Mingcui tea, lobster and flower tea, pine fungus, etc. more famous, the original flavor, price and quality; Sangzhi salt tofu is a tribute to the Qing Dynasty, "Ge Ge Genbao" pure natural green series of drinks, a set of health care and longevity in the As a whole, Maoping Mao Jian tea fragrance, taste mellow color beauty, after drinking the lungs refreshing, are good specialties; in addition you can buy some of the Tujia flavor of the "spicy girls spicy wax" series of food to take home.
Zhangjiajie Railway Station began operation in 1983, July 1, 1992, the new station house foundation stone laying, December 26, 1993, completed and put into use. The new station covers an area of 8,000 square meters, construction area of 9,527 square meters, there are 1,114 seats for passengers to wait for the rest of the seats, and has a soft seat waiting room, VIP waiting room, air-conditioned waiting room, mother and child waiting room. Zhangjiajie Railway Station has now opened direct trains to Beijing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Wuxi, Zhanjiang, Xiangfan and other large and medium-sized cities, and is connected to the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway through the Shi Chang Line. In the peak season of tourism every year, there will also be direct travel trains to Zhangjiajie from all over the world.
Air Transportation
Zhangjiajie Lotus Airport is located in Lotus Village, Guanliping Office, Yongding District, Zhangjiajie City, 5 kilometers from downtown. The airport is the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period of the country in Hunan Province, large and medium-sized engineering construction projects, in September 1985, by the State Council and the Central Military Commission approved the project, in November 1991 officially started construction, in August 1994 officially opened. Zhangjiajie Lotus Airport has been opened in Changsha, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing, Yichang, Jinan, Hangzhou, Changzhou, Dalian, Chongqing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Fuzhou, Shantou, Zhuhai, Xiamen, Hong Kong, Guiyang and other routes, flights, and so on. 1999 held the "Through the gates of the sky" special flight performance makes Zhangjiajie Lotus Airport famous at home and abroad. The airport is famous both at home and abroad.
With the continuous development of tourism, Zhangjiajie city's highway transportation business has also been developed and expanded. At present, the city has basically formed a city as the center, the station as a hub, communication between urban and rural areas, radiation 5 provinces and cities in 17 districts and counties of the transportation network. This year, the construction of the highway from Zhangjiajie to Changde has begun, and the completion of the highway will make traveling to Zhangjiajie faster and more convenient.
Zhangjiajie Railway Station has opened passenger trains with more than 10 large and medium-sized cities in China. Zhangjiajie Railway Station has direct access to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities; the trains from Zhangjiajie to Guangzhou, Changsha and Zhanjiang are all departure stations, making it easy to travel. From Changsha to Zhangjiajie, it is best to take K552 train, which departs at 8:18 am and arrives at 13:19 pm every day, with a ticket price of 70 RMB; there is another K824 train departing from Guangzhou at 22:06, which arrives at Changsha at 6:06 pm and arrives at Zhangjiajie at 10:55 pm the next day. Tourists arriving in Changsha by train before 8:00 a.m. do not have to go out of the train station to directly transfer to K552 to Zhangjiajie, and get on the train to make up the ticket. Train K502 from Guangzhou to Zhangjiajie and K525 from Changsha to Zhangjiajie both take a time-consuming and costly detour through Huaihua.
Zhangjiajie Railway Station is 33 kilometers to Zhangjiajie, and more than 30 kilometers to the "water around the four gates", which can be reached in an hour by a daily Chinese bus (fare 10 yuan per person).
Zhangjiajie's ability to accommodate tourists is constantly improving. The city has more than 700 hotels and restaurants of all kinds, with a total of more than 30,000 beds. Among them, there are more than 30 foreign-related hotels and more than 20 star-rated hotels. The city's daily reception capacity can reach more than 30,000 people. High, medium and low-grade supporting complete, can meet the needs of different levels.
Which Zhangjiajie Xianglong International Hotel and Zhangjiajie International Hotel, is a famous four-star foreign-related hotels, luxurious facilities, elegant environment, attentive service, enjoy the high-grade; Pipa Creek Hotel is a bright three-star hotels, advanced facilities, comfortable and pleasant rooms, just the price is also very expensive; there are some inconspicuous one-star guesthouses, where most of them are clean and hygienic, enthusiastic service, and reasonably priced.
There are many traditional ethnic recreational activities, such as the pendulum dance, cockfighting, singing songs, bench dragon dance, three-stick drums, nine whips and so on.
The hand-waving dance is a traditional large-scale dance favored by the Tujia people, with strong ritual colors; Tujia mountain songs have a long history, with a primitive and rough style, and the lyrics express the folklore of the Tujia people; the bench dragon dance is a Chinese folk art; the bench dragon dance of the Bai compatriots is said to have begun in the Han Dynasty, and it is an evolution of the religious activities of the Bai forefathers, who danced dragons to seek rain; and the three-stick drums are complicated and dazzling, and they can't help but call it the "Three-Stick Drums", and it is a great entertainment. Dazzling, can not help but say great; nine whip, popular in the Han, Bai, Tujia ethnic folk, especially the Bai people are most favorite, they put the happiness, good luck in the gods, in order to please the gods, the performers holding the whip, accompanied by oboe non-stop dance.
As a famous emerging tourist city, Zhangjiajie's modern and emerging recreational facilities, in recent years, has also seen rapid development. Recreational balls, tennis, bowling and golf are also everywhere.
"Forest City"
Spring (March/May) Temperature: 5.8℃, 11.4℃, 16.1℃ Sultry and smiley in spring- irrigating flowers, trekking
Summer (May/August) Temperature: 19.7℃, 23.3℃, 22.2℃ Lustrous and dripping in summer- summer vacation, Rafting
Autumn (September/December) Temperature: 17.9℃, 13.9℃, 8.7℃ Autumn is clear and washed-appreciation of fruits, climbing
Winter (December/February) Temperature: 3.4℃, 0.7℃, 1.3℃ Winter is clean and slept in-appreciation of snow, search for plums
Have heard of the four scenic spots of Hunan Province, namely, Zhangjiajie, Tianzishan Mountain, Sokiyu, and Yangjiajie. The beautiful scenery has long been famous at home and abroad. Now, also located in the Wulingyuan within another scenic area - Yuanjiajie, and show in front of the world. Recently, I had the honor of witnessing this rocky peaks show, the wall dangerous gorges of the world's fairyland.
Yuanjiajie is located between Zhangjiajie and Tianzi Mountain, more than 1,000 meters above sea level, surrounded by steep cliffs and hanging rocks, standing in the Wuling Mountains, as if the flat ground protruded from the high platform, towering for the spectacular. However, it only took me two minutes to get from the foot of the mountain to Yuanjiajie! Don't mistake me for having "flying legs", but I actually rode the Hundred Dragons Sightseeing Stairway to Heaven. When it comes to the Hundred Dragons Stairway, it can be said that it is a perfect combination of natural landscape and man-made wonders.
The Hundred Dragons Stairway is located in Zhangjiajie's Four Gates Scenic Area, a World Natural Heritage site. With "the world's highest full-exposure outdoor elevator", "the world's highest double-decker sightseeing elevator", "the world's largest load capacity, the fastest passenger elevator" three laurels alone in the world. The world. Hundred Dragons Stairway is magnificent, with a vertical height difference of 335 meters and a running height of 326 meters, the main body consists of 154 meters of mountain shaft and 172 meters of mountain steel structure, and it adopts three double-deck fully-exposed sightseeing elevators running side by side and in separate parts, successfully connecting the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Golden Whip Creek, Water Around Four Gates and the Golden Attractions of the Yuanjiajie World's First Bridge, Wulongzhai, Tianzishan and so on and has become an important sightseeing and transportation facility in scenic spots. Transportation facilities, greatly shortening the original more than four hours of hiking road. People move with the ladder, ladder with the mountain, the vision is more and more open, blue sky and white clouds, strange peaks and fog, people are full of passion. In less than two minutes, the beautiful scenery of Yuanjiajie will be displayed in front of us.
Eastbound about 800 meters, there is a small road winding south to the top of the platform of the Woodlands. The platform in the left and right to look around, thousands of scenes as far as the eye can see. A rocky peaks and pillars, strange forms, wonderful. Just in time after the rain cleared the sky at a good time, only to see when there are light clouds and mist in the peaks floating around, but see the mountains move peaks submerged, as if the jade pavilion, sometimes hidden and sometimes appeared, a moment to feel obsessed with the soul, I do not know where I live. Finally understand why this place has a "lost soul platform" reputation. Try to stand in the "soul platform" on top of the rocky cliffs, like "people walking on the wall, clouds floating under the feet".
This is not the most beautiful scenery, traveling along the top edge of the cliffs, only to see a natural stone bridge over the sky on the top of the two peaks, magnificent, magnificent, this is with the husband and wife of the rock and known as "Zhangjiajie double best" of the "world's first bridge". The world's first bridge is a natural stone bridge, in the sand dagger ditch tour line, belongs to the essence of Zhangjiajie attractions. The nature's ingenious work of art, a piece of only 3 meters wide, about 5 meters thick natural stone, set in the air between the two peaks, the east and west of the two peaks cleverly connected. The bridge is 20 meters long, spanning about 50 meters, relative height of nearly 400 meters, is the highest stone bridge in Zhangjiajie, because of the height, span and thrill are rare in the world, so it is called "the first bridge in the world". On the bridge, the pines are standing tall, and under the bridge, the clouds and mist are rippling, and the abyss is ten thousand feet deep. Surrounded by cliffs and precipitous walls, water droplets splashing. Stepping on the bridge, can not help but have the feeling of airborne wind. Hands on the iron railing, look up, the peaks floating in the clouds and mist; look down, the peaks such as bamboo shoots, rocky gullies and deep valleys in the gusts of smoke and arashi, scattered and gathered again. The first bridge in the world also hangs a lot of men and women in love with the locks.
Climbed next to the higher lookout bridge platform, only to see the pines cover, a splash of spring water from the top of the 200-meter-high cliff floated down, as if a long white train from the sky. Under the waterfall facing the deep pool, green water, water mist diffuse, the bridge hanging wall, majestic and treacherous, shocking. Worthy of this "sky hanging white practice" name.
In Yuanjiajie in the Ping and the lower Ping junction, there is a hidden landscape said: "back garden". Tourists in the cliffs in the bamboo jungle down through, suddenly blocked by a stone wall. Is suspected of no way, but see the corner of the wall, hole open a full moon like a white stone, through the door, in front of the sudden appearance of dozens of strange peaks jaggedly towering in the dark green deep streams. Cui Valley, stone peaks clusters, the stream back and forth, ancient trees in the sky, cold clouds, climbed high overlooking, like a natural bonsai, stone peaks hundreds of thousands, high into the clouds, short lying on the ground, big ups and downs, reflecting each other.
In Yuanjiajie, both the stone thicket small streams, silver waterfalls high diarrhea, and there are bamboo forests, pines hanging wall. Because of the abundant water and dense forest, the air is extremely fresh. The latest measurements show that the Yuanjiajie forest coverage rate of up to 98%, the air containing dust and bacteria is particularly low, and high oxygen content, some sections of negative ions reached nearly 50,000 than the usual environment 500 times higher than about a huge "natural oxygen bar", very suitable for recreation and health.
Toward the end of the tour, the guide told me that because of the dangerous terrain, the transportation around Yuanjiajie in the past was extremely inconvenient, so it was little known for a long time. In recent years, with the opening of the world's highest hundred dragon sightseeing elevator, solved the traffic bottleneck problem plagued the scenic area for many years, Yuanjiajie scenic area to the depth of development. Many of the rare place into the attention of all the tourist attractions, Zhangjiajie "back garden" known as the magical beauty can also be from behind the scenes to the front of the stage.
Legend
Zhangjiajie was not called Zhangjiajie in the early days, called Qingyan Mountain. At that time, there was no family named Zhang on the Zhangjiajie. Why was it called Zhangjiajie later? This has to start from the Han Liou Hou Zhang Liang.
According to legend, after Liu Bang, the founder of Han Dynasty, pacified the world, he indiscriminately killed meritorious officials. In order to save his life, Zhang Liang, the Marquis of Liou, resigned from his official post and hid himself in the rivers and lakes, and followed the footsteps of the Red Pine Tree to the place where Emperor Shun was exiled to Duhuan in the ancient times, and climbed up to the Qingyan Mountain again. From then on, he lived here in seclusion, practicing immortality and learning Taoism, and left behind a line of Zhang's children and grandchildren. In order to protect the feng shui of Qingyan Mountain, Zhang Liang planted seven ginkgo trees on the south side of Qingyan Mountain. These seven ginkgo trees grew tall and big, like seven giants guarding Qingyan Mountain. Many years later, a court official called Zhang Wanchong on the Qingyan Mountain to play, fancy Qingyan Mountain, the seven ginkgo trees as a boundary, in each ginkgo tree, each engraved with a word, engraved "Commander Zhang Wanchong boundary," the seven words, occupying the Qingyan Mountain, the original living in the Qingyan Mountain, Zhang's descendants were forced to take their children with their children to faraway places, displaced.
One day, the hunter Zhang Jiaxiong into the mountain hunting, saw seven ginkgo trees are flowing yellow water, such as tears. Zhang Jiaxiong was very surprised, and then saw the tree on the "Commander Zhang Wanchong boundary" seven big words, only suddenly realized, and immediately fire seven zhang, pull out the sword will be "Wanchong" two words changed to "Jiaxiong".
This is the first time I've ever seen this.
Zhang Jiaxiong's behavior annoyed Zhang Wanchong, he deployed 300 soldiers surrounded the Qingyan Mountain, to capture Zhang Jiaxiong, and the original residents of the cottage to drive under the ginkgo tree, claiming that if you can not catch Zhang Jiaxiong, you have to take the blood of the seven children stained with the red seven big words. At the critical moment, has become a fairy Zhang Liang appeared, spell from the trunk of the ginkgo tree spouted seven barrels of water, instantly waves Zhang Wanchong and his 300 soldiers and horses were swept to the Golden Whip Creek. Then, Zhang Liang will be in the hands of the duster to the seven ginkgo trees a finger, the tree immediately appeared on the "earth's fairyland Zhangjiajie" seven big words, the descendants so the mountain is Zhang Liang immortal name, from then on the Qingyan Mountain is called "Zhangjiajie".
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