"Guo Zhuo" originally means "circle dance" in Tibetan, and is also called "Guo Zhuang" in Chinese. As a special art in Tibetan traditional dance culture, it is not only deeply loved by Tibetan people, but also favored and admired by people of all ethnic groups and countries. Guozhuo dance is one of the oldest traditional dance cultures in the world.
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The waist drum used in Zhuo Dance is tied with two drum bands, one around the performer's waist and the other around the performer's thigh root, which vertically fixes the round drum on the left waist. When performing, the traditional formation is basically circular, and the performers are divided into two types: leading dance (A're) and group dance (Zhuoba). The number of leading dancers in the whole performance team ranges from 2 to 6. They don't wear waist drums, mainly to remind them to change the order and control the rhythm and speed. Their movements have a sense of rhythm, and their postures are basically the same as those of group dance, but they are less difficult. The leading dancers are all people who are familiar with the movements and sequences of the whole Zhuo dance and have long-term performance experience. A group of dancers beat the drums and danced according to the rhythm of the drums. At the same time, the long hair braids are wavy into "∞" and "○" and other forms. The movements are rough and bold, vigorous and powerful, with a strong sense of rhythm and change. Zhuowu * * * consists of 18: 1. Three-step drumming; 2. Ying Ge; 3. Safe land; 4. Piling on the lotus peanut stone; 5. The lion jumped up; 6. Tigers fight with lions; 7. Chain cover; 8. The fairy of sandalwood; 9. The cornerstone of loose leaf angle; 10. Fall to the ground for three times; 1 1. Drum; 12. Crows walk with King Kong; 13. The king is seated; 14. The door of wealth; 15. main body; 16. Worship; 17. The elephant is lying on its side; 18. Nine-step drum. Zhuowu combines movements, rhythms, techniques and rhythms, and all aspects are very coordinated and highly unified. Because it is difficult to see it skillfully, it has infinite charm.
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According to legend, in the middle of the 8th century, when Chisong Dêzain, the 37th Tibetan king, built the first temple in Tibet on the north bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River with the help of Buddhist masters such as Lotus and Peanut, the walls that craftsmen worked so hard to build during the day were destroyed by demons at night. In order to confuse ghosts and gods, Master Lotus Peanut invited seven Zhuoba brothers (Zhuowu dancers) from Tai Po to dance Zhuowu, and Zhuowu became popular in Shannan. Most villages in Shannan have Zhuo dance teams, and later this dance form gradually spread to other areas. This shows that the Guo Zhuo dance in Nanchang, Shannan Province has a history of at least 1300 years. A Qing Li Xinheng's Notes on Jinchuan says that Tibetans "dance together in the huts", and their dance forms are "men and women in groups, singing arm in arm" and "holding hands in a circle, feet dangling ...". In addition to praising Buddhist temples and Bodhisattva temples, Guozhuang Dance is more about giving things and praising mountains and rivers, praising hometown, pouring out love and praising a happy life. For example, in the lyrics, "Snow Mountain, get out of the way, the eagle has to spread its wings; Forest, get out of the way, young people are going to dance wildly ... ". Its dance is full of energy and powerful movements, which not only shows the dance but also emphasizes the expression of emotions, showing the strong temperament of the Tibetan people.
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As far as the whole Tibetan area is concerned, it can be divided into three types: agricultural fruit Zhuo (called "Yuzhuo" in Tibetan), pastoral fruit Zhuo (called "Zhongzhuo" in Tibetan) and temple fruit Zhuo (called "Quzhuo" in Tibetan). Changdu guozhuo is the most famous guozhuo in agricultural area. On the occasion of festivals, celebrations, weddings and celebrations, men and women gather on the dam and in the yard. Men wear baggy trousers, like the coarse legs of an eagle, and women wear armless robes behind their trousers. Men and women stand hand in hand in a circle and sing in groups, usually led by men. The song is lively and penetrating, and the dancers walk in circles with the song. At the end of the lyrics, everyone was "speechless!" With a roar, he immediately stepped up his pace, stretched out his arms sideways and twisted his waist to make a big leap, controlling the dance, singing and dancing with his sleeves, and changing his movements while running. The man's movements are very large, stretching his arms and circling like an eagle. The woman's movements are very small, and her steps and circles are like a phoenix flapping its wings and dancing lightly. From time to time, there were "dumb" cries in the dance troupe, which made the dance mood soar and ended in a fanatical atmosphere. Fruit Zhuo in pastoral area is popular in Qiangtang grassland in northern Tibet, and also widely spread in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral snow pastures in Tibetan areas. The vast grassland in northern Tibet always sings and dances during Chinese New Year holidays, weddings and welcoming guests. Especially in summer, the annual "Ji Ya" Festival, commonly known as the Horse Racing Festival, is held everywhere. Horse racing, archery, yak dance and reba dance are held during the day; In the evening, I lit a fire, jumped into the fruit and stayed up all night. Guo Zhuo's typical movements in pastoral areas are holding his chest with both hands (symbolizing the wool circle), jumping at his feet, turning around in the previous step, and jumping on his knees in big strides, which are constantly changing and combining into dazzling movements. Men and women have the same movements, but men have big movements and are bold and unrestrained, while women have small movements and are subtle and lively. When men dance, they often take off their robes, stretch out their hands and pull their sleeves tightly, and wrap flowers on their sleeves while jumping, so "wrapping flowers on sleeves" has become a major feature of Guo Zhuo's dance. Temple fruit Zhuo, mostly held in temples during religious festivals. This religious folk song and dance has a slow rhythm, solemn atmosphere and strong rational meaning. Its lyrics, tunes, dances, performance contents, performance time and occasions are all concrete. "History of the Qing Dynasty" said that this kind of pot farm is "a dance group of ten people, and every two people dance together, wearing embroidered robes and hanging beads, crossed by yellow and blue." He wore a blue robe, hung with beads of Buddha, and made a cross on his back. This is a ritual fruit dance performed by others.
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In a word, Guozhuo is a splendid cultural heritage created by Tibetan people in the snowy plateau, which is the limit of human existence and still exists in social life. It can be said that Guo Zhuo, as a unique landscape in Tibetan traditional dance culture, is also unique in the world dance forest. Guo Zhuo is not only an outstanding representative of the long and splendid Tibetan dance culture, but also the oldest and most influential project in the existing national sports culture, and is an extremely valuable artistic wealth of all mankind. Guo Zhuo, like its mother Tibetan traditional culture, is a unique national project in the national traditional sports culture. Its virtual freehand brushwork expression, stylized performance means and lyric style are close to the traditional sports of other ancient nationalities, such as China traditional sports and Greek-Indian dance sports. Moreover, its personality, national characteristics and folk originality have the strongest significance, and it has special research and protection value.
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The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, the Guo Chang Zhuo House in Shannan was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.