Ans:
1. Li Shangyin's poem "Jin Se" has this line: "Zhuang Sheng Xiaomeng is obsessed with butterflies, and Wang Di's heart of spring is in the form of cuckoo." The story of Zhuang Zhou's dream of butterflies is mentioned. You must have heard of the story of Zhuang Zhou dreaming of butterflies. Zhuangzi - The Theory of Things:
Previously, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, vivid butterflies, (self-metaphorical fitness and,) do not know Zhou also. But when he realized that he was a butterfly, he was in a hurry to realize that Zhou was a butterfly. I don't know if Zhou's dream was a butterfly or not. Butterflies dream of Zhou and butterflies? Butterfly and Zhou must be divided, this is the materialization.
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Zhuangzhou dreaming of butterfly2006-11-11 12:33 Zhuangzhou dreaming of butterflies, Zhuangzhou's fortunate; butterflies dreaming of Zhuangzhou, butterfly's unfortunate.
Chuang Zi's "butterfly dream" has a charming deformation of the beauty of the expression of the history of human thought in the alienation of the earliest dream, the butterfly symbolizes the human nature unrestrained, innocent nature. The dream of butterfly makes Zhuangzi get rid of the earthly pressure and imprisonment, floating away from the world and independent, free in the Garden of Eden of freedom. Butterfly and like climbing a mountain, is the return of humanity, is the world throughout the ages the fervent dream of the masses.
For a long time, "Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies," this allusion to many books have recorded, but I think Feng Menglong's "Aphorisms" in the "Zhuang Zi Hugh drums pots into the Avenue" of the paragraph is particularly wonderful, the book was focused on writing Zhuang Zi's own wife in the death, not only do not grieve tears, but also to write the book. After the death of his wife, not only do not grieve tears, but also proud to sit on the ground "drum pots and song" fact, and later also led to Zhuangzi a wonderful and mysterious talk about life and death, to the effect that: "life from nothing to nothing, from something to nothing, from life to death, from death to the birth of the process, as if the spring, summer, autumn, winter, the four times of the same! At this moment, my wife has returned to nature and is sleeping in the bosom of heaven and earth, while I am wailing and crying on the sidelines, which is not only unwise but also unnecessary, so I will drum the pots and sing for her."
Zhuang Zi this wonderful talk of course, there is a big story, and "drums and songs" is also "Zhuang Zhou dream butterfly" happened later. When Zhuangzi was studying under Laozi, he was already a famous scholar. Laozi was the ancestor of Taoism, his name was Li Er, and his character was Boyang. Because Bo Yang was born with white hair, he was called Lao Zi.
Zhuang Zi then like to sleep during the day, often dreaming that they become butterflies, fluttering in the garden flowers and plants, woke up, it feels like their two arms as if wings can fly, feel strange, one day in the Laozi lecture "Yi" leisure time, the dream told Laozi, Laozi is a great saint, know people's past and future lives, pointing out that Zhuang Zi's past life is a white butterfly. From then on, Zhuangzi's open-minded life, great wisdom and enlightenment, all the world's affairs as the clouds and water.
In fact, from a rational point of view, of course, this is not very realistic, but when Zhuangzi was lying on a straw mat, dreaming of his own transformation into a butterfly, but also on the boundaries of the dream and the consciousness of the strange question: "I do not know that Zhou's dream of butterflies and? Butterfly's dream is Zhou and?" At the time, it y reveals Zhuangzi's profound outlook on life. Since he studied under Laozi, he had a strong Taoist heart, so his cognition was similar to the Buddhist doctrine of Nirvana. He believes that all things are equal and the same, and cognitive yes or no, Ran or no are relative, is the result of human preconceived notions of selfishness, the dream is to wake up, wake up is a dream, all things begin with one, and return to the one. Therefore, Zhuang and butterfly, dream and consciousness are transformed into each other, penetrate each other, and finally become one, Zhuangzi is through Zhuang, butterfly meeting through; things, I dissolve the fusion of the beauty of the experience, let people go to appreciate the "materialization" of the good world.
Although Zhuang Zi dreamed of butterflies himself, he insisted that "ancient real people do not dream in their beds", and such real people are probably unique in the world. Later in life, people also often dream, but most of the dream is to express their own aspirations or wishes, like the Tang novels, Shen Shiji's "Pillow in the record", Li Zuo's "Nanko too guardian of the dream" is to write the impermanence of life, the feeling of uncertainty, giving people a sense of gray and sadness.
Later, I read Mr. Hong Pimu's book, "The Great Wisdom of Chinese Buddhism", which has an intriguing description of the dream, and he said that there is a wonderful quote from a Zen master: "Yesterday's dream says Zen, today's Zen says dream. When dreaming, dream today, say the bottom, say the bottom of yesterday's dream. Yesterday's closed-eye dream, today's open-eye dream. The people always listen in the dream, the cloud door to repeat the dream in the dream."
Another paragraph in the later discourse is even more telling: "The three Buddhas said dream, six generations of masters said dream, the world's old monk said dream, that is, now Miao Xi and Ruyi old man and said dream in the dream. Suddenly, there was a big man without measure who realized from the dream and believed that what the three Buddhas said was not a dream, what the six generations of masters said was not a dream, and what the world's old monks said was not a dream. For this reason, dream and realization are one, speech and silence are one, and speaking and non-speaking are one."
Of course, the Buddhist saying dream means that the world is illusory, floating life is like a dream. It teaches people not to be greedy and frightened when they are in the presence of things, so that they can liberate themselves in the dream state.
The Austrian psychoanalyst Freud published in 1900 in the "interpretation of the dream" is like a dream for the human subconscious or a refraction of the repressed desires, its doctrine has a Christian culture of "original sin" sense, his analysis of the dream, let a person feel stagnant and lifeless. However, in Zhuangzi's butterfly dream, but full of joy, longing for the light, life is like a butterfly dancing in the fragrant bush, the reality of the "I" is alienated, small-minded, distorted false me, the dream of the butterfly's "I" is absolute, open, The "I" of the butterfly in the dream world is the absolute, open and free true self. Therefore, Zhuangzi's "butterfly dream" is like a song, romantic nocturne, colorful music, Beethoven-style "Ode to Joy".
Pu Songling's "Liaozhai Zhiyi" in the human, foxes, ghosts between the illusion, Kafka's "Metamorphosis" in the human into the absurdity of the big beetles, but also in literature, "alienation and deformation" of the typical, although many of Pu Weng's works in the end is full of joy, but his works sometimes in the "alienation". Although many of Po's works have happy endings, his works sometimes show a sense of shock and fear when they are "alienated", such as the most characteristic "Painted Skin". On the other hand, Zhuang Zi's "Butterfly Dream" is full of charming deformation beauty, which expresses the earliest dream of alienation in the history of human thought, and the butterfly symbolizes the uninhibited and innocent nature of human nature. At the time of Zhuangzi, the flowers of sin and the fruits of suffering were all over the earth, and wealth, power, ambition, and greed had become unstoppable temptations, like the open Pandora's box, eroding the weak body and mind of human beings. But the butterfly of dream gets rid of the pressure and imprisonment of the world, and floats independently of the world, free in the Garden of Eden of freedom. Butterfly is like climbing a mountain, it is the return of human nature, and it is the fervent dream of all the people in the world throughout the ages. So people say Zhuangzi's thought is decadent and decline, is really a misunderstanding. The fascinating "butterfly dream" is not exactly the optimistic and beautiful aura?
So in contrast, put aside the cause and effect relationship between past and future lives, put aside some decadent "life is like a dream" lament, I like Zhuangzi's "butterfly dream" the most, because it gives people a kind of optimistic outlook on life without fear of difficulties, no matter what kind of difficulties and setbacks in life. Encountered what kind of bumps and setbacks, no matter what kind of disaster and danger life experience, we may be like Zhuangzi "drums and songs", do a beautiful "butterfly dream", into a beautiful butterfly wandering in the beautiful flowers and plants.