According to survey statistics, there are about 400 varieties of folk arts that are still active among the people in my country, and they are spread all over the country, both inside and outside the Great Wall. Although these numerous types of music each have their own development history, they all have distinct folk and mass characteristics and have the same artistic characteristics. Its performance is as follows:
(1) "Speaking and singing" are the main means of artistic expression. What is said is like cross talk, storytelling, and commentaries; what is sung is like drum music such as Jingyun Dagu, Shanxian Paiziqu, Yangzhou Qingqu, Northeastern Dagu, Wenzhou Dagu, Jiaodong Dagu, Hubei Dagu, etc.; it is like speaking and singing (also called rhyme style) Such as Shandong Kuaishu, Kuaibanshu, Gongshu, Pingxiang Chunluo, Sichuan Money Board, etc.; those that are both spoken and sung (both speaking without accompaniment and singing with musical accompaniment) such as Shandong Qinshu, Xuzhou Qinshu, Enshi Yangqin, Wuxiang Qinshu, Anhui Qinshu, Guizhou Qinshu, Yunnan Yangqin, etc.; walking singing that is both spoken and danced, such as Errenzhuan, Shibuxian Lotus Falling, Ningbo Walking Songs, Fengyang Flower Drum, Car Lamp, Shang Flower Drum, etc. Precisely because folk art mainly narrates and expresses emotions through speaking and singing, or speaking and singing, or both speaking and singing, its language must be suitable for speaking or singing, must be lively, refined, and easy to pronounce. .
(2) Folk art is not performed by actors dressed up as fixed characters like drama, but by actors who do not dress up as characters, so that "one person has multiple roles" (a folk art actor can imitate multiple characters) In this way, through speaking and singing, various characters and various stories are performed and told to the audience. Therefore, folk art performances are simpler and easier to perform than dramas. As long as there are one or two people, one or two accompaniment instruments, or one person brings a piece of wood, a fan (used by storytelling artists), a pair of bamboo boards (used by allegro calligraphy artists), or even nothing (such as cross talk artists) ), wherever he goes, wherever he sings, the communication with the audience is more direct than in drama.
(3) The simplicity and ease of folk art performance make it reflect life quickly. The contents of the repertoire and bibliography are mostly short and concise, so folk performers can usually write, direct and perform by themselves. Compared with theater actors, the directorial function shouldered by folk art actors is particularly obvious. For example, a repertoire, book list, or a cross talk joke, during the performance, the structure of the storyline, the arrangement of the scenes, the transition of the scenes, the rendering of the atmosphere, the presence and absence of the characters, the portrayal of the characters' psychology, the arrangement of the language, and the control of the tone, The speed of the rhythm, etc., are all arranged and arranged by the folk performers according to the needs of narrative or lyricism, and based on the judgment of the best reception effect by the audience, and the director creates wonderful performances that make the audience enchanted. programme.
(4) Folk art uses speaking and singing as the main means of artistic expression, so it is an art that appeals to people's hearing. That is to say, folk art stimulates the audience's hearing through speaking and singing to drive the audience's image thinking, and completes artistic creation together with the actors in the images formed by the audience's image thinking. Folk art performances can be performed on the stage, or can be performed anywhere on the stage. Therefore, compared with theater audiences, the thinking of folk art audiences is not limited by the stage frame. What is said and sung in folk arts has greater time and space than that of drama. freedom of space. In order to standardize the audience's wild image thinking into the artistic world created by speaking and singing, folk performers listen to the audience's reactions more urgently and more carefully. Therefore, his relationship with the audience is more intense than that of a drama actor. close.
(5) In order for the audience to enjoy the artistic beauty as if they heard the voice, saw the person, and were there, the folk performers must have solid speaking skills, singing skills, and acting skills, and must have superb skills. The power of imitation. Only when folk performers have lively and moving skills, can vividly portray the emotions of characters, and narrate events in a fascinating way can they win the appreciation of the audience. The solid foundation of the above-mentioned skills comes from the observation, experience and accumulation of real life by folk art actors, as well as the analysis, research and understanding of historical life. This is particularly important for a folk actor.
The above are the similarities to varying degrees in the artistic characteristics of more than 400 folk art varieties, which are their uniqueness. Each of the more than 400 types of music exists independently and has its own personality. Not only that, the same type of music has formed different artistic schools due to the different talents of the performers. Even if it is the same genre, each has its own characteristics due to the difference of the performers. This has resulted in the prosperity of the music world. scene.
Types of Folk Art
* Types of Pinghua: Pingshu, Suzhou Pinghua, Yangzhou Pinghua, Fuzhou Pinghua, Hubei Pinghua, Sichuan Pinghua, etc.
* Types of crosstalk: crosstalk, one-man show, dazuigu, Sichuan phase book, etc.
* Types of drum music:
** Drum lyrics: Plum Blossom Drum, Jingyun Drum, Jingdong Drum, Cangzhou Wooden Drum, Xihe Drum, Leting Drum, Lu'an Drum Book, Xiangyuan Drum Book, Northeast Drum, Wenzhou Drum Ci, Anhui Drum, Shandong Drum, Jiaodong Drum, Heluo Drum, Henan Shuizi, Sanxian Shu, Northern Shaanxi Storytelling, etc.
** Tanci: Suzhou Tanci, Kaipian, Yangzhou Tanci, Siming Nanci, Pinghu Diao, Changsha Tanci, Muyu Song, etc.
** Seasonal tunes: Tianjin seasonal tunes, Shanghai rap, Yangzhou clear tunes, Jiangxi voiceless tunes, Ganzhou north and south lyrics, Hubei tunes, Xiangyang tunes, Changyang southern tunes, Hunan silk strings, Qiyang minor tunes, Sichuan clear tunes, Plates etc.
** Daoqing: Taoqing in northern Shanxi, Jiangxi Daoqing, Yichun Daoqing, Yongxin snare drum, Hubei fishing drum, Hengyang fishing drum, Sichuan bamboo qin, etc.
** Brand music: Danxian, Chaqu, Nanyin, Fuzhou Liyi, Yangge, Liaocheng octagonal drum, major tune, Guangxi Wenchang, Xifu tune, Ankang tune, Lanzhou drum, Qinghai Ping String, cross the string, disturb, etc.
** Qinshu: Beijing Qinshu, Yicheng Qinshu, Wuxiang Qinshu, Xuzhou Qinshu, Anhui Qinshu, Shandong Qinshu, Enshi Dulcimer, Sichuan Dulcimer, Guizhou Qinshu, Yunnan Dulcimer, etc.
** Walking Singing: Shibuxian Lotus Falling, Errenzhuan, Ningbo Walking Book, Fengyang Flower Drum, Car Lamp, Shangluo Flower Drum, etc.
** Miscellaneous music: Wuxi Pingqu, Shaoxing Lotus Falls, Jin Ge, Praise Song, Xiang Ge, Jiangxi Lotus Falls, Nanfeng Fragrant Cymbals, Ruichang Boat Drum, Yudu Ancient Prose, Sanbanggu, Shan Books, Teochew songs, Cantonese opera, Cantonese opera, dragon boat songs, East Cantonese fishermen songs, five lines falling on the board, scattered, lotus leaves, Yao An lotus falling, virtuous and filial piety, pouring water, Taiwanese singing, etc.
* Ethnic minority music genres: Haolaibao (Mongolian), Xiaocai Yare (Mongolian), Wuliger (Mongolian), Taipinggu (Manchu), Three Old Men (Korean), Rantan ( Korean), Caitan, drum and bell (Korean), fanjuli (Korean), Yimakan (Hezhe), tambourine (Yao), benggu (Zhuang), Morun (Zhuang), pipa Ge (Dong), Gajin (Dong), Guoha (Miao), Gabaifu (Miao), Asubadi (Yi), four-string playing and singing (Yi), Jiasu (Yi), Buyi playing and singing (Buyi) ), Haba (Hani ethnic group), Dabenqu (Bai ethnic group), Zanha (Dai ethnic group), Shout Banguang (Dai ethnic group), Zhega (Tibetan ethnic group), Lama Mani (Tibetan ethnic group), "The Biography of King Gesar" rap ( Tibetan people), banquet songs (Hui people), Brazilian Gu Liu Liu (Salar people), Nian Shuo (Sibe people), Dong (East) Bula playing and singing (Kazakh people), Kesha Ke (Uyghur people), Uyghur rap, Dastan (Uyghur)