Keywords garden landscape design; acoustic landscape; application
1 Importance of acoustic landscape applied to garden landscape design
As one of the important indicators to measure the level of progress of a city, the level of urban garden construction represents the spiritual civilization of a city. In recent years, the party and the state have paid more attention to the construction of urban landscaping and invested a lot of money to support it. Based on people's higher requirements for the level of garden construction, the traditional design method that only focuses on visual presentation can no longer let the appreciators immerse themselves in the design and produce ****sound. Especially in the face of accelerated urbanization, reinforced concrete, traffic in the noisy sound environment, the sound of gurgling water, birds chirping insects and other sounds from nature nearly all drowned out. Therefore, the garden sound landscape technology has emerged as an important module in the current urban landscape architecture, so that the garden landscape is no longer a beautiful silent beauty, but also refreshing the sound scene. The origin of the concept of soundscape can be traced back to the end of the 1960s, by the Finnish geographer Grano first proposed, Canadian musicians to explain, it is because of this research team for many years on the study of the sound of nature, it is for the development of soundscape laid a good start. The concept of soundscape refers to sounds in nature and the environment that are worth appreciating and remembering from an aesthetic and cultural point of view [1]. This concept, since the day of its initiation, has allowed acoustics to gain more space for research. Soundscape is a discipline that studies the relationship between people, sound and environment, drawing on the composition of landscape architecture, and after more than half a century of integration, soundscape has gradually been applied to the design of garden landscapes, and by adding sound elements to landscape design, it allows the garden landscape to present a dynamic and vivid scene, and enhances the aesthetic experience of the public.
2 Problems in the current application of soundscape in landscape design
2.1 Insufficient attention to the degree of use of soundscape design of landscape design based on the weak
As the saying goes, awareness determines action, China's application of soundscape design in the landscape design is relatively late, compared to other developed countries, the discipline has not yet been enough attention to domestic practitioners, the social awareness of the design of soundscape, and the public is not aware of the importance of soundscape design. For the acoustic landscape design cognition is not high, so the relevant government departments do not recognize the field in place, for the necessary soundproofing equipment capital investment is extremely scarce, landscape designers also lack of motivation. In addition, urban gardens are generally set up in the city center with a high degree of development, so it is inevitable that there will be the sound of car whistles, square dance music, traffic noise and other objective factors on the garden soundscape caused great interference. These have become the influence of soundscape applied to the garden landscape design of the constraints [2].
2.2 Lack of reasonable cognition of the natural and social attributes of sound by garden designers
Whether it is the sound from nature, or the sound of man-made activities, it can be applied in the garden landscape design. Due to the lack of scientific judgment standards, resulting in a lot of garden design is in the actual operation because of the inability to balance the relationship between the two, often trapped in the traditional garden design view of the impression, either give up man-made sounds, only the use of nature sounds, resulting in monotonous sound in the garden; or abandon the nature sounds, only rely on the setup of a large number of intelligent speaker system to support the sound effect in the garden, resulting in exaggerated distortion, contrary to the original intent of soundscape science [3]. The original intention of the soundscape [3].
2.3 Theory divorced from practice, it is difficult to meet the actual needs of local residents
China's vast territory, the geology of each region, climate, temperature, humidity and so on are not the same, each region has local characteristics of the culture, part of the designers in the construction of gardens before, and will not be the site of the environment, the function of the tour to give full consideration to the blindly will be all kinds of sound simply superimposed on the arrangement of the garden, affecting the public's sense of experience, and the public's experience of the sound landscape. This affects the public's sense of experience, and causes a great waste of human, financial and material resources, affecting the overall effect of landscape design.
3 Improve the application of soundscape measures to enhance the quality of landscape design countermeasures path
3.1 Government departments to increase support for the soundscape design of gardens to provide a solid guarantee
The government departments through the top-down vigorously publicize the concept of soundscape landscape design rooted in the hearts of all the relevant people, to increase the importance of the whole society to the acoustic science, especially the relevant leaders of the Landscape Architecture Bureau, to increase the importance of the acoustic science. Especially the relevant leadership of the Landscape Architecture Bureau, to fully realize the irreplaceable role of soundscape in the future development of landscape architecture, and increase the financial investment, to ensure that there is sufficient equipment to support the application of landscape architecture. Not only that, in order to the scientific and reasonable use of soundscape science, people as the main body of work, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the talent team, in order to ensure the improvement of the level of garden landscape design. Therefore, the relevant part of the funds invested in the purchase of equipment at the same time, for the investment in talent is also necessary, the government and industry associations to strengthen the organization of professional training, and through the establishment of special funds, incentives for the majority of garden design, construction awareness of the positive exploration, efforts to innovate, with a systematic and perfect talent training mechanism and promotion system, so that the relevant workers can be undistracted, fully committed to the application of soundscape to landscape design research. In the garden landscape design research to prevent because of the ideological awareness is not in place, the lack of responsibility to hinder the application of soundscape in the construction of the garden.
3.2 The competent departments and research institutions should improve and optimize the relevant standards, norms system
No scientific and perfect sound application standards and strict norms system as a support, it is difficult to ensure that the reasonable use of soundscape design in the garden. The relevant government departments and related institutions should be timely for the natural sound, artificial sound in the garden soundscape design, "thick and thin" the use of the status quo for field visits, surveys, and a large number of actual situation to summarize, and then combined with the latest trends in the development of society, the integration of the two, the development of the sound application specifications, to fill the gaps in the previous sound application standards, and to optimize the system. Timely fill the blank of the previous sound application standards. For example, the way of sheep and birds in the artificial lake, the proportion of rockery put and so on. To standardize the application of soundscape in landscape design, practical improvement of the designers are stuck in the traditional garden design concepts of the status quo, so that the natural sound and man-made sound can be a good complementary.
3.3 Garden soundscape design in line with local cultural traditions
Gardening as a city's labels, should fully reflect the city's cultural heritage and characteristics, so before the garden designers carry out the design work, should be for the local culture, folklore and other systematic investigation, in the local characteristics of the extraction of these as the design of the sound type of the program, for example, with a For example, the Laixi rice-planting song with characteristics of Laixi City, Laixi Lv Opera, one of the eight Chinese opera genres, Laixi puppets, Laiyi ancient music and so on are all the symbols of Laixi City, Shandong Province, and these sounds are added to the Laixi City landscape design, so that people in the recreation at the same time to produce a strong sense of belonging [4]. At the same time, in order to make the design scheme more scientific and reasonable, the designer should make several schemes at the same time, and select the best among the schemes through the form of public consultation. The final program selected must be the best to reflect the local characteristics, combined with the optimal combination of environment, site, soundscape. So that the landscape can reflect the local characteristics and cultural connotation, highlighting the spirit of the region's character.
3.4 Garden acoustic landscape design should be people-oriented, to meet the needs of the public
Garden design in adhering to the priority of ecological environment, site-specific at the same time, give full consideration to the needs of people. People as the landscape designer and user, landscape construction must be built on the "people-oriented" principle. Landscape designers should take into full account the landscape for all groups, from young children to the elderly, from the able-bodied people to the disabled, the landscape for the object can be said to be the general public, everything. Therefore, the application of soundscape in landscape design should fully consider the needs of different groups, as far as possible to meet the needs of most of the participation and emotional needs, in the design of the time to fully reflect the humanist care. For example, for the characteristics of the elderly good quiet, in the application of acoustic landscape in the garden landscape should be opened up to the less crowded and refined site. Children for the sound of the demand and the elderly is different, they like to lively, full of curiosity about the sound, hearing is one of the important way they explore the world, learning knowledge, therefore, in the garden design, you can display the model of the birds and beasts, and with the simulation of the sound, for children to provide cheerful soundscape at the same time, there is also the role of science, it can be said to be twice the result with half the effort. Soundscape design for the disabled can also play a role in the effect, through the park to join the guide sound and speakers in the layout of the orientation, as a guide function, to guide the visually impaired people in the garden to play smoothly.
4 Conclusion
In summary, the application of soundscape in garden landscape design, successfully get rid of the traditional concepts of the boundaries, so that the gardening and modern spiritual civilization more compatible. China's forestry department should pay attention to the application of soundscape in the garden landscape, continue to explore, optimize, in order to improve the overall level of China's garden greening construction, which is related to the people's well-being, about the future of the country will also help China's great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation Chinese dream to be realized as soon as possible.
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