Yurt Style:
Yurt is a kind of house where Mongolian herders live. It is easy to build and relocate, suitable for pastoral production and nomadic life. Yurt ancient called dome, "felt bag" or "felt tent".
According to the "Black Tartar" records: "Dome has two kinds: the system of Yanjing, with willow for the bone, as the south of the Fu Si, can be rolled, open the door in front of the top, such as umbrella bone, the top of the opening of an orifice, known as the skylight, all felt for clothing, immediately can be loaded. The system of the grasslands, the willow group set into a hard circle, the path with felt tart fixed, can not be rolled, the car carries the line."
With the development of animal husbandry economy and the improvement of the herdsmen's life, the dome or felt tents are gradually replaced by yurts. Yurt is a round pointed top, the top and around one to two layers of thick felt cover. Ordinary yurt, the top height of 10-15 feet, the wall is about 50 feet high, the package door towards the south or southeast open. Inside the bag four major structures are: hana (i.e., yurt wall bracket), skylight (Mongolian "set of brains"), rafters and doors.
The size of the yurt is differentiated by the number of hanas, usually divided into 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hanas. 12 hanas of the yurt in the grasslands is rare, an area of up to 600 square meters, from a distance, like a castle. In the past, dozens of such large yurts were gathered together, very spectacular.
The yurt looks small in appearance, but the use of the package area is very large, and indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, not afraid of the wind and rain, is very suitable for frequent transhumance grazing national residence and use.
Expanded Information:
Yurt Evolution Development
The formation of yurts went through a long historical stage: apes lived in natural caves, and ancient people adapted the use of ready-made caves to live in. To the present age, will make their own "cave room", digging a hole in the ground, along the cave wall with wood, stone and so on, Charlotte, Charlotte fast to the edge of the hole, and then planted a row of wooden poles in the hole, and wood and stone wall flush, the top of the roof with some cross-wood, it became a cave room - Urgul.
The top of the hole to leave a mouth, leaning against the mouth diagonally supported a thick wood through to the bottom of the hole, carved some simple trench as a ladder for people in and out with. At the same time both smoke out of the light ventilation and other functions, and later developed into a yurt door and skylight.
With the transition of primitive mankind from gathering to hunting, the scope of activities is getting bigger and bigger, but also part of the herbivorous animals gradually domesticated into livestock, the emergence of the prototype of animal husbandry. This requires an easy to migrate to the room, so the shacks and other buildings came into being. The hut was further developed into a hana, and combined with the roof of the cave mentioned above, the yurt took shape.
The yurt is the name given to Mongolian herders' housing. The word "yurt" means "home" and "house". Mongolia and other traditional ethnic housing. Anciently known as the dome, also known as felt tents, tents, felt bags and so on. Mongolian language called Geer, Manchu for yurt or Mongolia Bo. Nomadic people to adapt to nomadic life and create this kind of residence, easy to dismantle, easy to nomadic. Since the Xiongnu era has appeared, has been used until now.
Yurt is round, around the side walls into several pieces, each piece of 130 to 160 centimeters high, 230 centimeters long or so, with strips of wood woven into a net, a few pieces of connection, surrounded by a circle, covered with umbrella bone-shaped dome, and the side walls are connected. The roof of the tent and the four walls are covered or surrounded by felt, fixed with ropes.
A wooden frame is left on the southwest wall for installing the door panel, and a round skylight is left on the roof of the tent for lighting, ventilation, and smoke emission, and it is covered with felt at night or in rainy or snowy days. The smallest yurt is more than 300 centimeters in diameter, and the largest can accommodate hundreds of people.
Mongolian Khanate era Khan and the kings of the tent can accommodate 2000 people. There are two kinds of yurts: fixed and traveling. Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas are mostly built in a fixed style, around the earth wall, on the reed grass cover; nomadic areas are mostly mobile.
Traveling type is divided into detachable and non-detachable two kinds, the former to animal transportation, the latter to oxcart or horse-drawn carriage. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Mongolian settlers increased, only in the nomadic area still retains the yurt, that is, the Mongolian people called "Gers". People have been using yurts since there were Mongols.
This has been a long time coming. But no one knows exactly when they started to be used. The yurt became the daily residence of Mongolians. Most Mongols were nomadic herders, herding their goats, sheep, yaks, horses and camels in search of new pastures throughout the year. Yurts can be packed and carried by several Bactrian camels to the next landing place, where the tents are re-pitched. Yurts are built as the herders travel.
The Mongolian people have many taboos in their daily life, the main ones are:
Fire Taboo: The Mongolian people worship fire, the god of fire and the god of the stove. Therefore, after entering the yurt, avoid baking feet on the fireplace, not to mention not allowed next to the fireplace? Roasted wet boots and shoes; may not cross the fireplace or stomp on the fireplace; not on the stove knocking tobacco bag, wrestling things, throwing dirty things; may not use a knife to pick? fire or thrust a knife into the fire; or use a knife to zap meat from a pot.
Water taboos: the Mongols believe that water is a pure spirit, taboo in the river hand washing and bathing, also not allowed to wash women's dirty clothes or will not dry? Pure things into the river. When a herder's family has a seriously ill or critically ill person, a rope is usually hung on the left side of the yurt, and one end of the rope is? Buried in the east side, the equivalent of hanging out the "no one is allowed to enter" sign, to show that the patient does not treat guests.
Production taboo: Mongolian women give birth to a child, generally want to hang an obvious sign under the eaves, the birth of a boy hanging bow and arrow, the birth of a girl hanging red cloth? Article, guests see this stop.
Baidu Encyclopedia - yurt
People's Daily Online - Inner Mongolia Chifeng of Mongolian taboos and labor customs