The first kind is bureaucrats with status, sitting on luxurious boats, with luxurious banquets, served by slaves and performed by actors. The ship is brightly lit and full of people, which is very imposing. This kind of person "looks at the moon but doesn't see it", that is, he deliberately dazzles and has no intention of enjoying the moon. The author debunked the hypocrisy and elegance of this generation.
The second type is a very rich family, with beautiful families and children, sitting on the platform of the ship, crying and laughing, with a delicate voice, looking around, "the moon is shining without looking." This kind of person takes the opportunity to have fun. They don't want to see the moon, and there is no need to see it. The difference between them and the first one is that they don't borrow the name of "full moon". Although vulgar, it does not pretend to be elegant.
Third, there are songs on the boat, accompanied by famous prostitutes and idle monks, which shows that they are not idle people. Humble, and "looking at the moon" seems to be more elegant than the first two types of people who look at the moon but don't see it. The author used the word "Yi" for comparison. However, although such people "also look at the moon", it is more important to "look at the moon", so they can't help but be affected, and their "elegance" will be greatly reduced.
The fourth category is a group of people who do good things in the market. They are very different from the first three categories. They don't go by boat or by car, and they are disheveled. They are in groups of three or five, jostling with each other in the crowd and picking lively places to drill. They shouted, nobody looked, even pretended to be drunk, danced stagger, hummed out-of-tune pop tunes, and looked around, complacent. This generation "looks at the moon, people who look at the moon also look at the moon, and people who don't look at the moon also look at the moon", but "there is nothing to see".
They enjoy it, whether it is elegant or vulgar. Throughout the ages, most people can meet this generation in busy places where people come and go. The author is vivid here.
The fifth category is elegant people. They are in a boat with thin curtains hanging on it, so they may not want to show up. Bright and clean case, red Shanghai fire, cooked tea, slow taste, two or three friends, stunning beauty, enjoying the moon together, really elegant.
But they don't want to be seen. Some people hide their boats in the shade of trees, while others paddle quietly to the lake to avoid the noisy crowd. They can watch the moon calmly in a quiet place without being seen by others. Their view of the moon is pure and natural, without any affectation.
The author writes about five kinds of people, observing carefully and describing vividly. All kinds of people appear on the paper, but the author seems to be indifferent, and the five "look at them" are almost indifferent. However, his subjective feelings, praise and criticism are still displayed in his image. The first is a bureaucrat who pretends to be elegant, the second is a rich man who has no intention of elegance, the third is a man who wants to be elegant but can't help being influenced, the fourth is a good man who doesn't know what elegance is, and the fifth is a scholar who doesn't want to be naive but is really elegant.
The author obviously sneers at the first two types of people; There is also ridicule for the third affirmation; Although I am not sure about the fourth category, I seem to appreciate its debauchery and naivety; For the fifth category, it is obviously cited as homologous.
Five types of people, written in turn, such as the camera passing by, different voices, different realms. Numerous and complicated scenes are reproduced in the pen, and the author does not appear to comment, but divides elegance and vulgarity into praise and criticism in an objective picture, which is both historical and vivid.
Extended data
West Lake in July is an essay by Zhang Dai, a writer in Ming Dynasty. The author first describes four kinds of people who look at the moon: dignitaries, famous prostitutes, famous prostitutes, idle monks and lazy people. In sharp contrast to these arty and secular people, the last category is the author's good friends and beautiful women, whose elegant manners and modal tolerance match the beauty of the West Lake.
The author's description of five types of people does not contain words of praise or criticism between the lines, but it is obvious which is better and which is worse, which is elegant and which is vulgar. The article describes people on the surface, but they have never left the moon. It seems heartless, but in fact it is affectionate, which perfectly and implicitly embodies the author's theme of restraining vulgarity and promoting elegance.
Make an appreciative comment
This essay written by Zhang Dai, combining discussion with narration, truly expresses his thoughts and thoughts on visiting the West Lake on July 30, and describes the scene of the West Lake that day in a simple way, with overlapping scenes and far-reaching artistic conception.
From the beginning, Zhang Dai bluntly said that there was nothing worth seeing in the West Lake on July 30th, but people were worth seeing. The beginning was unexpected. In the past, literati wrote about the West Lake with the beauty of the West Lake as the center. Zhang Dai, on the other hand, said that there was nothing to see in the West Lake, and those who came to visit it were worth seeing.
Later, he divided these people into five categories. These five types of people have different identities, different costumes, different moods and different ways of enjoying the moon. These people either don't look at the moon, or pretend to look at it, or want others to notice that they are looking at the moon, or they don't see anything at all, or they hide and look around. They seem to have a good time by the West Lake in July and a half.
As a person who looks at all kinds of people, the author is also enjoying the pleasure of onlookers.
In the second paragraph, the author describes the noise of the West Lake on this day. However, at the beginning, I once again complained that Hangzhou people did not appreciate the beauty of the moon, and even avoided the moon like enemies. It was only on this night that they came out to enjoy the moon under a pseudonym. When you get off the boat, you have to rush to the festival. The words "speed", "urgency" and "hurry" describe the urgency of tourists.
We arrived at the party, noisy and lively, "like boiling, like trembling, like laughing, like deaf-mute". The noise seems to be boiling, like the earth is shaken, mixed with the voices of these people, like those vague dreams heard by colleagues. On this occasion, the voices of colleagues talking to themselves were drowned out by the environment.
These twelve words vividly and aptly described the deafening and buzzing scene at that time, and it was really immersive. Then, he wrote that the big boat on the lake was next to the small boat, but there was still nothing to see. "Don't see the pole hitting the pole, the ship touches the ship, rubbing the shoulder and rubbing the face." Such a crowded scene, Zhang Dai said "nothing", he turned a blind eye to such a crowded and prosperous scene, which shows that Zhang Dai has a slight dislike for these people.
This also echoes the beginning of "nothing to see". What the author wants to see is not such a congested scene. Later, the government dispersed the crowd, and the excitement gradually subsided, leaving a clean West Lake. This group of people came in a hurry, went in a hurry, and were so crowded when playing. I really don't know if they really enjoyed the moon.
At this time, a group of talents from Zhang Dai started their activities and waited for a long time until the crowd finally dispersed. The word "start" wrote the joy in Zhang Dai's heart at this moment. Interestingly, the broken bridge is hot when it is crowded by the crowd, and cool when the crowd disappears. And Zhang Dai and his gang didn't enjoy it until the heat of the broken bridge was exhausted, which can be said to be lofty.
At this moment, Zhang Dai wrote the moon, mountains, lake, "new mill", "make-up" and "facial makeup" of the West Lake in detail. In addition to the foul smell of smoke just now, after some transformation, the natural landscape seems to be completely new. Perhaps until this moment, the scenery of the West Lake was really seen. In such a beautiful scenery, chatting with three or two friends and playing until dawn is really a great pleasure in life.
Finally, Zhang Dai and his party simply slept on the boat, which was floating in the lotus, and "boating" and "sleeping soundly" were all written very freely and comfortably. "The fragrance is very pleasant and the dream is very pleasant" adds a long ending to the article, and the reader's thoughts drift away with the author's boat, with endless aftertaste.
This paper narrates the discussion, first expressing my views on the tourists of the West Lake in July and a half, and then describing the lively scene of the visit to the West Lake in July and a half, and writing the acme of an uproar. After that, the excitement came to an abrupt end, and the West Lake resumed its appearance of "the mountains and rivers are shining". At this point, the author really began to enjoy the moon in July and a half with satisfaction.
This article contrasts sharply. There are five kinds of tourists, lively and clean, man and nature, and other tourists and Zhang Dai and his party. In contrast, Zhang Dai expressed his love for clean nature, his desire to stay away from the noise and his infatuation with nature's self-indulgence.
This article is exquisite in writing, vivid in narration and lyrical, and there are many incisive opinions in the discussion part, especially the fresh and elegant ending and unrestrained artistic conception, which makes people think deeply and yearn for it.
Baidu Encyclopedia-West Lake July 30th