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Refers to the phenomenon that an object with static electricity can attract light and small objects.
Static electricity is a kind of electrostatic charge. In dry and windy autumn, people often encounter this phenomenon in their daily lives: when they take off their clothes and sleep at night, they often hear crackling sounds in the dark, accompanied by blue light; When you meet and shake hands, as soon as your fingers touch each other, you will suddenly feel a sharp pain in your fingertips, which is shocking; When I get up in the morning to comb my hair, my hair tends to "float", and the more I manage it, the more chaotic it is;
When you pull the door handle and turn on the tap, you will get an electric shock and often make a "bang". This is static electricity generated in the human body.
cause
Any substance is composed of atoms, and the basic structure of atoms is protons, neutrons and electrons. Scientists define protons as positively charged, neutrons as uncharged and electrons as negatively charged. Under normal circumstances, an atom has the same number of protons and electrons, and the positive and negative charges are balanced, so it is not charged. However, due to external effects such as friction or in the form of kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy and chemical energy, the positive and negative charges of atoms will be unbalanced.
Friction in daily life is essentially a process of constant contact and separation. In some cases, static electricity can be generated without friction, such as induced electrostatic electrification, thermoelectric and piezoelectric electrification, Helmholtz layer, jet electrification and so on. Any two objects with different materials will generate static electricity after being separated, and the common method to generate static electricity is friction electrification.
The better the insulation of the material, the easier it is to generate static electricity. Because air is also composed of atoms, it can be said that static electricity may be generated at any time and place in people's lives. It is almost impossible to completely eliminate static electricity, but some measures can be taken to control static electricity so that it does not cause harm.
Static electricity is formed by the redistribution of charges caused by friction and the mutual attraction of charges.
Generally speaking, the positive charge of the nucleus is equal to the negative charge of the electron, so it does not show electricity. However, if the electrons are out of orbit by external force, the distribution of electrons is unbalanced. For example, triboelectrification is essentially a process that causes the imbalance of positive and negative charges. When two different objects touch and rub against each other, the electrons of one object are transferred to the other object, which is positively charged due to the lack of electrons, while the other object gets some residual electrons and is negatively charged, which is electrostatic.