Nie Er (1914 February 2002 ~1July 935 17) was born in Yuxi, Yunnan, and Kunming. His original name was Nie Shouxin, Zi Yi (also known as Zi Yi), a musician in China, who was composed by the people of China and march of the volunteers.
19 12 February 14, Nie Er was born in Kunming, Yunnan.
1927 was admitted to the First Normal University of Yunnan Province.
1928 Join the Communist Youth League of China.
1930 went to Shanghai to join the anti-imperialist grand alliance.
At the beginning of 1933, Nie Er was introduced by Tian Han to join the China * * * Production Party.
1935, 17 In July, Nie Er drowned at the seaside of Changnuma, Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, at the age of 23. Nie Er wrote dozens of revolutionary songs, and his series of works have influenced China music for decades. His music creation has a distinct sense of the times, serious ideology, high national spirit and outstanding artistic creativity, which points out the direction for the development of proletarian revolutionary music in China and sets an example for Chinese music creation.
On September 10, 2009, Nie Er was named as "100 Hero Model with Outstanding Contributions to the Founding of New China".
Nie Er's main works: March (harpsichord), Waltz, Affection (dance music), Mining Song, Song of Hunger and Cold, Newspaper Selling Song, Walking Out of the Studio, A Female Star, Snowflakes Dancing, and Spring Dawn in Cuihu. Song of the Road, Pioneers, Song of Flying Flowers, Farewell to Nanyang, Spring is Back, Song of Comfort, Song of Mei Niang, Song of Escape, Village Maid beyond the Great Wall, Yangtze River, Song of Picking Ling, Song of Singing Girl under Iron Shoes, etc.
Nie er's influence:
1, Nie Er Tomb. 1954, the Yunnan provincial people's government decided to rebuild Nie Er's tomb and asked Guo Moruo to write the tombstone and epitaph. Guo Moruo titled "The Tomb of People's Musician Nie Er" Monument and Epitaph: Comrade Nie Er, the clarion call of China revolution and the voice of people's liberation. March of the Volunteers, composed by him, was chosen to replace the national anthem. People who hear his voice are full of patriotic thoughts, solemn and ambitious, and resolutely interested in * * *. Nie Erhu, majestic, with the nation, immortal! Comrade Nie Er, a producer party in party member and China, was born in Kunming with beautiful scenery on February 14th, 1912 and drowned on July 17th, 1935 at the age of 24. It's a pity to die in an enemy country. The reason why he drowned is still unclear! ?
2. Nier Park. Nie 'er Park is located at the southern end of Nanmen Street, Yuxi City, covering an area of 6.5438+0.3 million square meters. /kloc-0 was completed in June, 1985, and/kloc-0 was completed in July, 1987. It is a comprehensive park focusing on commemorating the people's musician Nie Er, giving consideration to culture, rest and entertainment. The park is divided into memorial area, amusement area, cultural activity area, quiet rest area, children's amusement area, flower production and viewing area and park management area. The bronze statue of Nie Er is the main body of the memorial area. The bronze statue faces north and is made of tin bronze. It is 2.4 meters high and weighs 1.8 tons. The base of the bronze statue was built on a platform about 2.25 meters higher than the surrounding area.
3. Nie 'er Cultural Square. The construction of Nie 'er Cultural Square in Yuxi City embodies three aspects: culture, ecology and fine products. Highlight the concept that water is the "soul" and culture is the "soul", and fully display Nie Er culture, national culture and regional culture through architecture, sculpture and sketches. From the treatment of lake bottom seepage control, the ecological concept runs through the construction all the time, emphasizing the harmony of nature; Through music fountain, musical instrument modeling and playing Nie Er's music works, music and ecology, two seemingly unrelated elements, are integrated and blended with each other.
4. bronze statue. 1 954165438+1October1day, the Japanese established the Nie Er Monument near the place where Nie Er was killed in Kunuma Shoal, Fujisawa City. 1963, with the folk trade between China and Japan, the Japanese people rebuilt the granite monument in the shape of "ear". Japanese dramatist Ke Yu Akita wrote an inscription introducing Nie Er's life and asked Guo Moruo to write a monument. Guo Moruo wrote six characters in the book: "The Land where Nie Er will End".
5. School. On April 27th, 20021,Nie 'er Conservatory of Music of Kunming University was inaugurated.
Introduction to march of the volunteers:
March of the Volunteers is a song written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er. It is the theme song of the movie "The Son of the Storm" and is called the horn of Chinese national liberation. Since the birth of 1935, it has played a great role in inspiring the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of China, and later became the national anthem of the people of China. National Anthem of the People's Republic of China is the symbol and symbol of People's Republic of China (PRC). All citizens and organizations should respect the national anthem and safeguard its dignity.
1On May 9th, 935, the first edition of this song was recorded in the studio of EMI Records.
195 1 year, people's record factory recorded and published a coarse-grained record composed of brass ensemble and orchestral ensemble to meet the needs of playing the national anthem.
1959, China Record Factory recorded and published a complete set of standard national anthem albums to celebrate the anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 10.
1978 released a special album with collective lyrics.
1983, China Records Shanghai Company recorded and published the standard national anthem album after the original words were restored.
On March 14, 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress passed an amendment to the Constitution, officially stipulating that the national anthem of China was March of the Volunteers.
2065438+On September 1 day, 2007, the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China Law was adopted at the 29th session of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and was officially implemented on September 1 day.
March of the Volunteers's current edition (written by Tian Han):
Get up! People who don't want to be slaves
Build our flesh and blood into our new Great Wall!
When the Chinese nation reached the most dangerous time,
Everyone was forced to make a final roar.
Get up! Get up! Get up!
We are United,
Braving the enemy's gunfire, move forward!
Braving the enemy's gunfire, move forward!
Forward!
Forward! Enter!
March of the volunteers 65438+March 5th 0978-1982 65438+February 4th National Anthem Edition (collective lyrics):
Forward, heroes of all ethnic groups!
Great * * * production party, leading us to continue the Long March!
Unite in the heroic struggle, build and defend the motherland, and move towards the tomorrow of capitalism.
Forward! Forward! Forward!
We will hold high the flag of Mao Zedong from generation to generation!
Hold high the banner of Mao Zedong!
Forward! Forward! Enter!
Note: Due to the background of the times when this version was adopted, the words "bear" and "sword" in the lyrics of the national anthem used "Mao" and "Qi". March of the Volunteers is a very creative song, and composer Nie Er devoted himself to the creation of this song with great enthusiasm. First of all, according to the rules of music, he successfully handled Tian Han's prose-like lyrics in an unusually vivid, powerful and colloquial way; In melody creation, he not only absorbed the outstanding achievements of international revolutionary songs and the style characteristics of western European marches, but also made it have strong national characteristics, so that this song can be mastered by the masses and play its fighting role.
The influence of March of the Volunteers:
1, social impact:
From 65438 to 0935, with the broadcast of "The Son of the Storm" in major theaters, March of the Volunteers immediately aroused strong repercussions among the audience and became a very popular anti-Japanese war song. During the Anti-Japanese War, Kuomintang Central Radio regularly arranged to play this song. In addition, radio stations in the United States, Britain, France, India and Southeast Asia often play this kind of music. In the Soviet Union, France, Czech Republic and other places, March of the Volunteers was recorded and translated into different languages, and most of the songs were translated into Zhilai. Many military academies of the Kuomintang have designated March of the Volunteers as a military song, and the 200th Division of General Dai Anlan's National Revolutionary Army has also designated it as the military song of the division. When Zhang Xueliang was training in the northwest, he particularly emphasized the great significance of the soldiers singing march of the volunteers in chorus.
From 65438 to 0935, during the "December 29th Movement", students, workers, patriots and international friendly people who supported China from all over the country sang this song in assemblies and parades.
1937 After the Battle of Songhu broke out, March of the Volunteers became one of the battle songs to boost morale in the "eight hundred heroes" solitary military camp. On July 3 1 day of the same year, when Shen Junru, Zou Taofen and Li Gongpu, who were arrested for advocating resisting Japan and saving the nation, were released, they sang March of the Volunteers with hundreds of people who came to meet them.
1938 during the battle of taierzhuang, officers from China and volunteers from Sang Men marched under the leadership of Carlson, deputy military attache of the U.S navy in China.
1940, paul robeson, an American black singer, sang this song in new york. 194 1 year, he produced a set of China revolutionary songs called "Get Up", and Soong Ching Ling personally prefaced it.
194 1 year, the Pacific War broke out and March of the Volunteers was widely sung in Southeast Asia.
1944, a Malaysian anti-Japanese team, organized by young people, changed the lyrics of the volunteers "The Chinese nation is at its most dangerous time" to "The Malayan nation is at its most dangerous time" and sang it as a song of the anti-Japanese guerrillas. In the same year, MGM Hollywood filmed a feature film "Dragon Seed" reflecting China's Anti-Japanese War, and the English version of March of the Volunteers was selected as the film episode.
1945, when the United Nations was founded, was played as a song representing China.
At the end of World War II, March of the Volunteers was chosen as the victory of the anti-fascist allied forces.
After the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, March of the Volunteers was chosen as the song representing China at the gathering of the Allies. The United States, together with America's Beautiful America and France's La Marseillaise, designated this song as a music program broadcast song on the day of the Allied victory.
In the early days of Taiwan's recovery, learning to sing march of the volunteers became another important learning content besides learning Mandarin in Taiwan Province Province. 1946 when teachers and students of keelung middle school held a demonstration, they sang march of the volunteers.
From 65438 to 0947, March of the Volunteers was banned by the authorities of Taiwan Province Province until cross-strait relations eased.
1 949 65438+1October1,founding ceremony, this song was played as the national anthem in Tiananmen Square for the first time, and the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei military band played it for more than ten times.
2. National anthem:
1949 On September 2 1, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held. Because the national anthem was not drafted as scheduled, the meeting passed the Resolution on the Capital, Year, National Anthem and National Flag of People's Republic of China (PRC) on September 27th, which stipulated that March of the Volunteers should be the national anthem before National Anthem of the People's Republic of China formally drafted it. During the ten-year turmoil, Tian Han, the composer of this song, was persecuted by the Gang of Four, resulting in only playing the score of the national anthem and not singing the lyrics in formal occasions.
1978 From February 26th to March 5th, the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting decided that the national anthem would still use the original song written by Nie Er, and the lyrics would be re-written by the collective.
1982165438+1October 26th to 65438+February 10, the fifth session of the Fifth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting adopted a resolution on the national anthem of China, decided to restore the original words of the national anthem, and cancelled the decision on the national anthem of China adopted at the first session of the First National People's Congress on March 5th 1978.
On March 14, 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress passed the Amendment to the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), and March of the Volunteers was formally written into the Constitution as the national anthem.
3, the national anthem legislation:
In August, 1984, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China issued the Interim Measures for Singing in National Anthem of the People's Republic of China, which stipulated that the national anthem could be played in major celebrations or political public gatherings, as well as in the struggle to safeguard the dignity of the motherland. However, in private weddings, dances, social gatherings and other entertainment activities and business activities, the national anthem can not be played.
On March 6th, 2008, in view of some people's lack of due respect and care for the national anthem in their daily lives and some major activities, many members of the CPPCC National Committee called on the state to enact the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China Law as soon as possible at a meeting of the 11th CPC National Committee in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
From 2009 to 20 17, every year during the two sessions, there were motions calling for legislation for the national anthem law. For example, on 20 10, Gong Jianming, a member of China People's Political Consultative Conference, submitted a proposal calling for the enactment of the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China Law as soon as possible. On 20 12, Yu Hai, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and head of the China People's Liberation Army Military Orchestra, proposed legislation for the national anthem at the joint meeting of literary and art groups. Yu Hai called for legislation for the national anthem every year from 2008 to 20 17.
20 14 12 The General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Implementation Opinions on Standardizing the Etiquette of Singing the National Anthem, which set clear requirements for the occasion, etiquette and publicity and education of singing the national anthem.
2065438+On June 22nd, 2007, the 28th meeting of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated the draft National Anthem Law for the first time, which made clear provisions on the status of the National Anthem, the occasion for playing the National Anthem, the form and etiquette of the National Anthem, the standard score and official recorded version of the National Anthem, the publicity and education of the National Anthem, supervision and management, and legal responsibilities. The National Anthem Law promulgated the National Anthem Standard Score, which requires that the national anthem should be played on the occasions when it is required to be played, and the national anthem standard score and the official recorded version of the national anthem should be used.
2065438+On September 1 day, 2007, the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China Law was adopted at the 29th session of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and was officially implemented on September 1 day. 165438+1October 4th, the 30th meeting of the 12th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the "People's Republic of China (PRC) Criminal Law Amendment (X)", which stipulates that whoever insults the national anthem in public places shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.
4. Commemorative activities
1979, China Post issued a commemorative stamp with the theme of this piece of music to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2006, the foundation stone was laid for Shanghai National Anthem Memorial Square, and it was completed on Jingzhou Road on September 25, 2009. The opening ceremony of the National Anthem Exhibition Hall was held on the same day. The museum has the first edition of March of the Volunteers made by March of the Volunteers and paul robeson.
In 2007, CCTV broadcasted a four-episode TV feature film "Our National Anthem" co-produced by China Tianhan Research Association, Foundation and Nie Er Music Foundation, which described the song creation process, social impact and practical significance.
On March 8, 2008, a large-scale performance art activity of "Singing the National Anthem" sponsored by the Central Party History Education Office was held in Beijing. The activity was initiated by Shu Yong, an action art, aiming at strengthening patriotism and held in Shanghai and other places.
In 2009, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China, China Records Shanghai Company selected 2 1 precious recordings of march of the volunteers in different periods, and edited and published the album "Rare Collection of march of the volunteers Recordings". On June+10, 5438, China Calligraphers Association held the National Anthem Exhibition of 60 Calligraphers.
20 10 On May 9th, China Calligraphers Association and People's Pictorial Society hosted a large-scale collection of theme calligraphy for the national anthem. On September 9th, the TV series "National Anthem" centered on the March of the Volunteers was broadcast on CCTV and Hunan Satellite TV.
20 1 1 The National Anthem Square was built in Hebei Yinglie Memorial Park, with the lyricist Tian Han and his wife An E as statues. In July, the musical Song of the Country, with March of the Volunteers created by Nie Er and Tian Han as the core content, began to perform.
20 15 march of the volunteers 80th Anniversary Concert was held in Shanghai Concert Hall. On May 15, the launching ceremony of "Love China, Sing the National Anthem" and the March of the 80th anniversary of the birth of volunteers martyrs were held in Beijing, held in more than ten districts across the country. On June 5438+08, Shanghai Local Records Office released the first album of "National Anthem", which included more than 300 pictures. In August, Shanghai Music Publishing House commissioned music critic Chen to write Our National Anthem. On the 20th of the same month, artist Qin Yi participated in the recording of CCTV public welfare program "The First Lesson of School Opening", and told the story of the national anthem in the program.
On September 2, 20 16, a photo exhibition was held in Nanjing to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the creation of the national anthem of the Volunteers.
20 19 was selected as "100 Excellent Songs Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of People's Republic of China (PRC)" by the Propaganda Department of the CPC in June.