Because the three Xiang and four waters are in the Dongting Lake as the center, describing the geographical characteristics of Hunan.
1, three Xiang represents what did not form a unified view.
(1) The abbreviation of Xiaoxiang, Steam Xiang and Yuan Xiang refers to the whole territory of Hunan.
Three Xiang is named after the unique geographical and cultural position of Dongting Lake in Hunan. The plains and hills radiating from Dongting Lake are the political, economic and cultural center of Hunan and are called "Xiangzhong", while the area around the Xuefeng Mountain Range in the west is called "Xiangxi", and the area near the Nanling Mountain Range in the south is called "Xiangnan".
(
The area around the Xuefeng Mountains in the west is called "Western Hunan", and the area near the Nanling Mountains in the south is called "Southern Hunan".
(2) The combined name of Li Xiang, Xia Xiang and Steam Xiang.
The source of Xiangshui is called Lixiang after merging with Lishui, the middle reaches are called Xiaoxiang after merging with Xiaoshui, and the lower reaches are called Steamed Xiang after merging with Steamed Water, so it is called "Three Xiangs".
(3) Lower Xiang, Middle Xiang and Upper Xiang.
Xiangxiang is Lower Xiang, Xiangtan is Middle Xiang, and Xiangyin is Upper Xiang, which are collectively called "San Xiang". In the old days, Xiangxiang was Shangxiang and Xiangtan was Zhongxiang.
(4) Xiangbei, Xiangxi, and Xiangnan are the general term for the whole province of Hunan.
2. The four waters refer to the four famous rivers in Hunan: the Xiang River, the Zijiang River, the Yuan River, and the Li River, all of which end up in Dongting Lake.
Expanded Information
History of Hunan Province:
Ancient human activities have existed in Hunan since the Paleolithic Age. More than 12,000 years ago, human beings planted rice here, and 5,000 years ago the ancestors of Hunan began to lead a sedentary life here.
In the primitive society, Hunan was the land of Sanmiao, Baipu and Yangyue (a branch of Baiyue).
Hunan was the southern border of Jingzhou during the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hunan belonged to the two counties of Cangwu and Dongting of the State of Chu. Qin Shihuang set up Qianzhong and Changsha counties;
In the early Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Changsha State, and after Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, it belonged to the jurisdiction of Jingzhou Assassins, with the jurisdiction of Wuling County, Guiyang County, Zuoling County and Changsha County; in the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to the state of Jingzhou of Wu, with the setting of Zhaoling County, and was five counties of the south of Jing;
It belonged to the state of Jingzhou and Guangzhou during Western Jin Dynasty, and belonged to the states of Jingzhou, Xiangzhou, Jiangzhou during Eastern Jin Dynasty, and belonged to the states of Xiangzhou, Ying, and a small portion of the state of Jingzhou during the Southern Dynasties of Song, Qi, and Liang. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (764) in Hengzhou set Hunan Observation Ambassador, from this in the history of China's administrative division began to "Hunan" name;
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Ma Yin according to Hunan, the establishment of the state of Chu, the capital of the state is Changsha.
The Song Dynasty divided the country into roads, under which there were states, prefectures, armies, and supervisors, each with a number of counties under its jurisdiction. Hunan was mainly in the Jinghu South Road.
The Yuan Dynasty introduced a system of provinces. Hunan belonged to the province of Huguang. Yuan Dynasty government also in today's western Hunan minority populated areas of the implementation of the Tusi system, there are more than 10 prefects or barbarians prefects, respectively, under the jurisdiction of the Si State Military and Civilian Pacification Division, the new Tim Ge barbarians Pacification Division and the Sichuan Province, Yongshun and other places of the Military and Civilian Pacification Division.
During the Ming Dynasty, Hunan belonged to the Huguang Buzhengzhi (湖广布政使司).
The Qing dynasty Kangxi three years to set up the Hunan and Guangdong Province, the right Buzhengzhi, Hunan and Guangdong Province, the Yuan governor are moved to Changsha. Hubei and Hunan provinces were divided into north and south, and Hunan was established independently. The Qing dynasty Kangxi three years (1664) the establishment of Hunan province, the first year of Yongzheng (1723) set up Hunan Buzhengji, Yongzheng two years, Yuan Yuan governor renamed Hunan governor.
The Republic of China, Hunan abolished the province, hall, state, retaining the road, county level. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Hunan Province set up Xiangjiang Dao, Hengyang Dao, Wuling Dao and Chenyuan Dao, with counties under the jurisdiction of the Dao.
Republic of China five years (1916), in October, the provincial government abolished the Wuling Road, Changde, Yueyang, Pingjiang, Linxiang, Huarong, Hanshou, Yuanjiang, Li County, Anxiang, Linli, Nanxian 11 counties assigned to the Xiangjiang Road, Taoyuan, Shimen, Cili, Dayong, 4 counties assigned to Chenyuan Road. Hunan Province is divided into three provinces, Hunan division of the three provinces has continued until the abolition of the Taoist system.
In the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), the provincial system was abolished, and only the provincial and county levels remained. Republic of China twenty-six years (1937) in December the general establishment of the Office of the Commissioner of administrative inspectors, Hunan Province is divided into nine districts; Republic of China twenty-seven years (1938) Hunan Province adjusted to 10 administrative inspectorates; Republic of China twenty-nine years (1940) in April Hunan Province adjusted to 10 administrative inspectorates, the district jurisdiction ranging from 6-10 counties, and set up Changsha City, Hengyang City, the city of municipalities.
Before the Nationalist Government retreated to Taiwan in 1949, Hunan Province had 2 cities, 10 administrative inspection districts and 77 counties, with the Hunan Provincial Government in Changsha.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the prefecture-level city of Changsha was set up in 1949 and the prefecture-level city of Zhuzhou in 1956, as well as seven directly subordinate prefectures of Changsha, Hengyang, Chenxian, Changde, Yiyang, Shaoyang and Yongzhou, and three prefectures of the western Hunan Administrative Region and its jurisdictions of Yongshun, Yuanling and Huitong.
As of September 12, 2017, Hunan Province*** is planned to be divided into 14 districts (13 prefecture-level cities and 1 autonomous prefecture), and 122 county-level administrative districts including 35 municipal districts, 17 county-level cities, 63 counties and 7 autonomous counties.
On June 19, 2018, the State Council officially approved the abolition of Zhuzhou County and the establishment of Zhuzhou Bryan District. The administrative area of the former Zhuzhou County shall be the administrative area of Brynkou District, and the People's Government of Brynkou District shall be stationed at No. 1 Xuedang Road, Brynkou Town.
Baidu Encyclopedia-San Xiang Si Shui
Baidu Encyclopedia-Hunan