The historical value of music and dance education in the Zhou Dynasty, the Battle of Makino between King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty and King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty put an end to the tyrannical rule of the Shang Dynasty, and the Zhou Dynasty practiced the system of feudalism and patriarchal system in economic and political affairs. In order to centralize the rule of the country, the Duke of Zhou organized the ritual system of the previous generation and made music by imitating the way of nature to unify the rites and music that regulated the norms of behavior, embodied the hierarchical order of the rites with the meaning of the music that embodies the virtue and unifies the people's inner training and outer norms, and thus perfectly unify the people's inner training and outer norms. The perfect unification of people's inner cultivation and outer norms was used to consolidate the ruling order of the Zhou Dynasty. In this context, the music and dance education of the Zhou Dynasty was centered on ritual and music.
The historical value of music and dance education in the Zhou Dynasty is composed of the following two parts: 1. The music and dance education in the Zhou Dynasty was inherited from the previous generation, and brought together the essence of the three generations of learning, and made the Dasi music in charge of the law, in order to govern the building of the state of learning and government, and the children of the country, and the establishment of a complete system of music and dance officials: there are administrative officials in charge of music and dance institutions, such as Tsukazai, the Dasima, the Dasi, the Dazhongbo, and so on; and there are specific management, There were music officials in charge of teaching music and dance, such as dasi le, music master, dance master, drummer, chime master, bell master, sheng master, etc. 2. The measures of music teaching were formulated in accordance with the natural way and with a high degree of standardization: for example, the contents of education were distributed according to the age and seasons, and the music and dance ceremonies were carried out for the teaching of the entrance into schools and the awarding of education in the teaching process. 3. The comprehensive teaching mode of the integration of rites and music as well as poetry, music and dance was formed: for example, the contents of the six small dances of the dance category were taught in the school. The content of the dance category of six small dance, six dance, Nuo dance, witch dance, summer dance, etc.; music category of the four barbarians music, music, Yan music, etc.; there are involved in the musical instruments category of the yu, sheng, xiao, drums, sheng, etc. 4. established the promotion of harmony, god and goddess, filial piety and friendship of the music of virtue to educate and train the state so that they become the inner cultivation, the external virtues in the reality of life to become a modest and courteous, respectful and gentle, loyalty, filial piety and fraternal duty to honest, benevolence and righteousness, wisdom and faith, learning for the The purpose of education is to become a gentleman who is a teacher and a model of behavior. This series of educational achievements and scale is a model of ancient music and dance education, which proves the great significance of music and dance education for the etiquette, training the pillars of the country, strengthening political rule, pacifying and educating the people.
Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, the first of the world's top ten celebrities, set the ancient culture of China's great success, Confucianism has become the essence of traditional Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty when the hundred schools of thought were set up and Confucianism was honored exclusively. The Analects, poetry, books, rituals, music, and Yi Chunqiu have been regarded as the Taoist system of China's life and permanently transmitted by the literati and the writers. Confucius's music and dance ideas and its practical activities also have an inestimable impact on the music and dance education in later generations: 1. the inseparability of rituals and music and the role of music in political rule, such as the rise of poetry, into a rite, set up in the music, and to change the customs, nothing better than music. 2. the relationship between music and benevolence, people are not benevolent, such as the rite of how? The relationship between music and benevolence is that if a person is not benevolent, then what about ritual? Rite in the center, the establishment of the people, the master of the ritual in respect, the ritual noble and the benevolent people love people. 3. Confucius on the music and dance of the highest evaluation standard is to be as beautiful as possible, and as good as possible, people oriented to the good is called music, the best and the most beautiful is the great benevolence is the great benevolence of the music. 4. The power of music: into the people also deep, also fast. 5. The idea of teaching without class. 6.
The contemporary revelation of music and dance education in the Zhou Dynasty is that it is the holy work of raising children. The great merit of education is embodied in the education of students' personality, learning is the end of this, this is the emotion, life, character, morality, the end is knowledge, skills, talent, gentleman business this, and the road to life, this teaching is the foundation of the development of students is the inner energy.
The gentleman is careful to start, the difference is not even a tiny bit fallacy, so in the place of education should be set up in the education of personality education of the correct view of education. In the Zhou Dynasty, the music and dance education stipulated that the thirteen dancers would dance the spoon dance, the adult dancers would dance the elephant dance, and the twenty dancers would dance the Daxia dance. Spoon Dance is the Wen Dance, and among the six dances, there are Yunmen Dazhang Dashao Daxia, which describe the Yellow Emperor's virtues as the clouds, Yao's virtues as everything, Shun's virtues as Yao's way, and Yu's virtues as the great China, which shows that the content of Wen Dance is to praise the emperor's virtues and benevolence. The study of Wen Dance enables the sons of the state to emphasize the Way, cultivate themselves, warm up their temperament, and be full of reverence and gratitude to all things and ancestors. The Elephant Dance is the Martial Dance, which is a record of the emperor's courage, bravery, fighting for the people, and showing off his martial arts skills. By learning the Wu Dance, the emperor could exercise his physique, cultivate his perseverance, build up his courage, and teach him to be majestic. The education of music and dance in the Zhou Dynasty was to perfect the character through the study of music and dance, in order to cultivate modesty, loyalty and filial piety, and to be a model of governance in the world. Therefore, music and dance is not only an art category, but also an important means of character education.
To change customs, there is nothing better than music. What is emphasized here is the significance of the development of music and dance itself and the social significance of music and dance practice in the practice of changing customs. On the one hand, the educational process of the Zhou Dynasty was highly practical and ritualized. The knowledge of music and dance was strengthened and re-educated in practice, thus consolidating the educational significance of music and dance and making it a real part of life and personality. On the other hand, the practice of music and dance is not only higher than the boring study of words, but also has a deeper significance than ordinary practical activities in educating the people and restoring traditions. Only when it becomes a part of life can it form a wide and deep social influence. This is also the reason why the Zhou Dynasty and its ritual and music system enabled the Zhou to form a society of propriety, wisdom, benevolence, love and modesty - music and dance education and practice are inseparable. Contemporary primary and secondary schools organized community exhibitions, mass square cultural activities, art into the community, cultural troupes to the countryside, the protection of intangible cultural heritage, the restoration of traditional ceremonial programs, etc. have deepened the significance of art, so that the arts and culture really penetrate into the hearts of the people. Our country is building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, and harmony is the goal of social construction. Harmony in this context invariably includes humility, love, loyalty, forgiveness and benevolence. The Zhou Dynasty has not only shown us a harmonious social outlook but also provided us with realistic and feasible methods.
The interpenetration of normality and nature. The entire natural world has its own hierarchy and order, as do the heavens, the earth, the sun, the moon, and the four seasons. Nature itself is normative. The Duke of Zhou's rites and rituals are imitated by the natural way, such as the Zhou dynasty officials in the spring, summer tube, autumn officials, winter officials, heavenly officials, earth officials; and such as the Zhou dynasty's music and education regulations in the spring and summer to learn the Ganqi's martial arts dance, autumn and winter to learn to take the feathers of the literary dance, spring to learn poetry, summer to learn to pluck the strings of the music; and learn to undergo the process of enrollment, awarding of learning to set up a learning process, such as the natural nature of the agricultural industry to undergo the spring planting and fall harvesting in general. It can be seen that these rules symbolize the natural order. There is an interpenetrating relationship between norms and nature. Marxist philosophy says transformation and use of nature, to respect the objective laws of nature if you can respect and use nature is like pushing a boat with water, twice the result with half the effort, from the mood of China's landscape paintings, China since ancient times has established a correct view of nature, nature is the abode of all things, it is hidden order and norms have the highest wisdom in the universe, because it maintains its own order of all living beings to survive for hundreds of millions of years, no matter how time and space changes he is still the most important thing in the world. Regardless of how time and space changes he is still the master of the world, mankind has been transforming nature but back and forth to find how to not escape the control of nature. Therefore, human beings have to respect the laws of nature and extract the way of life from the natural order. Contemporary education should also respect the nature of the child, according to the psychological and physiological characteristics of students in different periods of time to develop teaching programs, as much as possible to provide students with the opportunity to contact nature, to establish a true view of nature, from the nature of the education, especially the spiritual education of the nutrients.
Cultivating generalists feeds on specialists. The Zhou Dynasty model of poetry, music, and dance, and the six arts of ritual, music, archery, writing, and mathematics also have great inspiration for contemporary education. From a formal point of view, poetry, music and dance are complementary to each other, and this complementarity is reflected in the expression of content and the interplay of forms. The three elements of music are melody, rhythm and chorus, dance is the three elements of dance, dance, composition, the internal elements of the two have a certain **** between the same, so the dance talent music training is essential, if you can combine music literacy and dance creation will broaden and develop the performance of dance. Such as the famous human body movement expression system of beautiful rhythmic training proposed by Del Sartre and Dalcroze are music educators; the 20th century's greatest choreographer Balanchine also has a very deep musical training. Not only are music and dance intertwined, but dance also has a complementary relationship with various types of knowledge: for example, Kenningham was familiar with computer technology and the Chinese I Ching; Mr. Wu Xiaobang, the father of modern dance in China, did not specialize in choreography in his early years; Lin Hwai-min spent his early years building up his career in literature; Cao Chengyuan specialized in business administration; and Rong Nianzeng learned his trade in the discipline of urban architecture.
1) From this, we can find that the dancers who have really made it big are not generalists, but they are not limited to specialists either. The competition for dance talents in modern society is the knowledge reserve and comprehensive cultivation of humanistic qualities. Only by accumulating more and more knowledge can we break the bottleneck of creation and realize innovation. Therefore, a generalist is the necessary foundation of a specialist.
Summary of the above, Zhou education in the education of children, spiritual education, practical significance, educational methods and the direction of talent training have a significance for contemporary education.
What the ancients have given us are the classics as bright as pearls in the sands of history, the wisdom as precious as onyx in the sands of classics, and the eternal bloodline connection as diamonds in the sands of wisdom. Every history has its own significance. In this vast land, cherishing the precious resources of traditional culture, y organizing and digging out the essence of traditional culture, and appreciating the past and understanding the present are the keys to enhancing national confidence and faith and fighting for the right to speak in the great wave of globalization.
Note: ① Liu Qingyi. Dynamic Space. Shanghai Music Publishing House, p42.