Zhou Le's Da Wu was written by the Duke of Zhou after the victory of the King of Wu, and its content is to show the great achievements of the King of Wu and the merchants. According to what Confucius saw in the Spring and Autumn Period, this kind of music and dance started with a long drum, and dancers (soldiers) stood by with weapons. Then there were six dances: the first dance team came from the north and described the situation of sending troops, the second dance team showed the demise of Shang Dynasty, the third dance team showed the continued March to the south, the fourth dance team showed the pacification of the southern frontier, the fifth dance team showed the separation of Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong, and the sixth dance team regrouped and rearranged to pay tribute to the prince of Wu. Although dance is a symbolic technique, unlike ballet, which depicts characters and contradictory processes, it is undoubtedly a narrative dance work that shows major events at that time.
Duke Zhou concentrated, arranged and standardized these six kinds of music and dances as a whole, as a national ritual system of sacrifice and celebration. Moreover, there are clear regulations on their musical instrument system, sacrificial objects, costume props, music songs, dancers' identity and performance occasions. The content of Dawu is expressed by 60% (segments) of music and dance. According to Confucius' comments on Dawu and other related records, we can imagine the performance of Dawu: the first paragraph: the beginning is a long drum, which is probably a prelude to dance. The dance team has assembled and is ready to go on stage. Then, the dancers came out from the north, holding weapons in their hands, standing straight and singing slowly and long, showing the determination of the king of Wu to attack Zhou and waiting for the arrival of the princes. (general idea: ah! Powerful Julian Waghann, originally instructed by King Wen, was in a hidden state; Now that the time has dawned, we will fight with armor and weapons. I respectfully inherited this achievement, the brave men and women of King Wen, and then all worked for their successors. Only your grades are really enough to study law. )
The second paragraph: The dance turned into a fierce fighting atmosphere, which showed that Zhou Jun's vanguard troops led by Jiang Taigong were directed at the capital Chao Ge. At this time, people on both sides of the dance team conveyed military orders. The dance team immediately divided into two lines, made a fierce stabbing action, and jumped forward, indicating that the business was ruined. (general idea: ah! The great king of Wu, his achievements are unparalleled. King Wen, with outstanding moral character, has created achievements for future generations, defeated Yin Shang, ended the war disaster and completed your great cause. )
The third paragraph: refers to the south that returned home in triumph. The dance team may only do a "cut and run" return action. King Wen managed this feat, and I inherited it and carried it forward to make it last forever. I went to crusade against Yin merchants just for stability. The fate of this state of Zhou is eternal. )
The fourth paragraph: it means that all the small countries in the south have surrendered to Zhou, and southern Xinjiang has stabilized. The dance team may show the momentum of all ethnic groups coming to Korea with a grand, symmetrical and stable composition. (general idea: ah! The great Zhou climbed the mountain and looked around. The mountains were overlapping, and the streams and rivers flowing out of the mountains gathered into rivers. All over the world, all ethnic groups came to North Korea to pay tribute to the fate of Zhou Guo. )
The fifth paragraph: The dance team is divided into two lines, indicating that the Duke of Zhou is on the left and Zhao Gong is on the right, helping the King of Zhou to rule. Then change all kinds of complex team situations in an orderly way. The dancers all sat and kept quiet in a low profile. It shows that the country has been well governed, and the country is rich and the people are safe.
Paragraph 6: The dance team reunited, arranged neatly, and solemnly paid tribute to Zhou Wang. The whole dance is over. (The general idea is: appease all the people and have a good year for countless times. God will never refuse Zhou Guo. The heroic King Wu led the soldiers, conquered all directions and settled the country. Ah! His weeds also shine into the sky, the great Zhou Guo, representing that heaven rules the world. )
Song and dance forms corresponding to each song and poem in Dawu Movement.
The martial arts movement is a comprehensive art of the trinity of poetry and dance. When performing, we should sing and dance together. The song and dance forms of Dawu are described in Rites and Music. On this basis, we can find out their correspondence with each chapter. The first poem of Dawu Movement is "Wu", and the full text is as follows: Yu Wang! There is no competition. After Wang Yunwen Wen escaped from prison. Heir Wu received it, winning Yin and restraining Liu, and made great contributions. This poem eulogizes the achievements of King Wu and thinks that no one can compare with him. Then he praised King Wen and created an inheritance for later generations. King Wu inherited the business of King Wen, defeated the Shang Dynasty, stopped Shang Zhouwang's brutal killing, and made immortal contributions. This is a general ode to commemorate the achievements of King Wen and King Wu. "Rites and Music" has the following description of martial arts dance: Bin Moujia sat with Confucius, and Confucius laughed and enjoyed himself. He said: "I have been preparing for the war for a long time. Why? " Right: "Sickness cannot be shared." "Sigh, what's the point of lewd?" Right: "I'm afraid I can't catch anything." This conversation is a question from Confucius, and Bin Moujia answered it. From the dialogue, we can see that in the primary stage of martial arts dance, drumming is a long-term warning, and singing poetry is a long-term continuous chanting. Prostitution refers to a long and deep chanting. The explanation of the Binmou family is based on the anxiety of the king of Wu before the war. One is that people are not at peace, and the other is that they cannot win. As can be seen from the above dialogue, the drums were on alert at the beginning of the martial arts dance, and the "martial arts" poems were recited for a long time, with deep feelings. This state lasted for a long time. The martial arts dance "Starting from the North", after a long period of drumming and chanting, shows the scene of the team starting. The first poem, "Wu", has few dance movements and a short duration. The second poem of Dawu Movement is Biography, which describes the process of King Wu's crusade against merchants, that is, "Merchants revive and perish" in the Book of Rites. There is also the following record in the Book of Rites: Bin Moujia got up and was invited without a seat, saying, "If you prepare for martial arts for a long time, you will hear about his life. Dare to ask if it is too late for too long? " Confucius said, "Stay and I'll talk to you. Happy people are like successful people. Standing on the mountain is a matter of the prince of Wu. Hard work is a great ambition. "The actions of" standing on the mountain "and" vigorous "here show the scene of the battle of Makino." Standing on the mountain "means that the actor of King Wu stood like a mountain for a long time with a shield in his hand. The actors in Jiang Taigong are dancing, fast and energetic. In the previous conversation between Confucius and Bin Moujia, it was also mentioned that "fleas made great efforts" and "just in time". At the beginning of the battle of Makino, Jiang Taigong's actors danced and danced, exuding high fighting spirit. The performance was to seize the fighter plane and attack in time, which was in sharp contrast to Zhou Wuwang's actors standing with shields for a long time. The movements and movements brought out the best in each other. Zhou Wuwang and Jiang Taigong were commanders and strategists in Mu Ye War, and Dawu Dance vividly demonstrated their important roles in the war with different dances. Dawu dance is a group dance with a large number of participants. "Rite" also wrote: "Take advantage, even worse than China. ".What is shown here is also the scene of Makino War, which is aimed at the teams participating in the war. The two teams of the performance interspersed with the rhythm of the music, and four times were a section. Judging from these narratives, Dawu Dance shows the battle of Makino in an all-round way and reproduces Zhou Junbing's bravery. The third poem of Dawu Dance is Rhyme. The whole poem is as follows: Diligence, I should accept it. Governors must remember that I am going to seek world peace. You accept the orders of the Zhou dynasty, ah, think about it. This poem is sung in the tone of King Wu, which means that King Wen has made great efforts to govern the country. I want to inherit and carry forward his career, so I want to leave Beijing for inspection. This is the fate of the Zhou dynasty, and it will be more brilliant. There are six poems in Dawu Movement, and this one is the shortest. Where does King Wu patrol? This poem has no clear content. This year's bamboo book records clearly show that he is in charge of the land. The Book of Rites and Music says that Dawu Dance is "30% South". Singing the third poem is to show King Wu's southern tour, and the corresponding dance action is "March forward separately and help the fleas move". "In the second paragraph of Dawu Movement, the two teams performed the stabbing action face to face. In the third paragraph, they move forward separately, indicating that Zhou Wang has visited the south and the war is over. The song and poem sung in the third paragraph of Dawu Dance is very short, and the dance movements are also very simple, which is in a transitional stage in the whole dance. The fifth poem of Dawu Movement is Time. "Rite and Music" explains the fifth paragraph of Dawu Movement: "Five components, Duke Zhou left and Zhao Gong right. The text of Yue Ji recorded in Historical Records and Biography of Le Shu is: "The five components are Shaanxi, Zhou Gong left and Zhao Gong right." . "This song and dance shows the achievements of Duke Zhou and his rule over Shaanxi by calling centimeters." "Book of Rites and Music" also wrote: "Where the soldiers are in chaos, Zhao Zhou will rule. "The fifth paragraph is the last chapter of the main part of the martial arts dance. The actors sit on their knees neatly, showing the achievements of the partition of Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong." "Rites and Music" also said: "Sitting in your arms leads to the right constitution and the left. "The supervisor sitting on the right conveys that the one sitting on the left makes laws. To convey. Constitution refers to laws and regulations. According to the administrative division at that time, Duke Zhou lived in the east and left. Zhao Gong is in the west, for the right wing. The Dawu Movement expressed the political status of Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong at that time by dancing left and right. The Duke of Zhou gave an order, and Zhao Gong carried it out, which was indeed the case at the beginning of this week. The sixth poem of Dawu Movement is Huan, and the full text is as follows: Sui Wanbang, a bumper year. Fate robber solution, Huan Huan of King Wu. Guarding the soil, in the four directions, Kejue's home. Zhao Yu is in the sky and the emperor is in the middle. This is an ode to King Wu. He inherited the destiny to make the world peaceful and the people rich. He kept the middle-earth, and he traveled around, making the kingship more stable. His light shines in the sky, replacing Yin Shang, and reigning in the world. " "Rites and Music" says that "60% of the martial arts dance is made for the sacrifice of the emperor". In the sixth paragraph, all the actors returned to their original positions to show their respect for the son of heaven. Also known as "long standing in the compose, so that the princes can come to the king." Actors have to stand in the same place for a long time to show that they are waiting for the prince to come to Korea. There is actually no dance during this period.
Typical Significance of Martial Arts Poetry and Martial Arts Dance
Poems of Great Martial Arts are a set of works, which are used for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples and the etiquette of the emperor to look after his studies, provide for the aged and welcome the two kings. Its demonstration significance is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, its documentary and narrative, and second, its value orientation to Yanwu's revision. There are six poems in "Da Wu Ge", and there are two clues in their documentary and narrative context. One clue is the echo of the first poem "Wu" and the sixth poem "Huan", and the second clue is the sequential narration of the four poems in the middle. Look at the first clue first. "Wu" is the opening work of Dawugege's poetry, which describes the entrepreneurial process from the king of literature to the historical achievement of suppressing violence. Huan is the last poem of the Great Martial Arts. This work focuses on the governance of the king of Wu over the world, showing the scene of peace and prosperity after the demise of the Shang Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty and the king of Wu's tour of the world. The first two works and the last two works of Da Wu Ge Poetry constitute a relatively complete narrative chain, which roughly outlines the historical changes from the king of literature to the rise and fall of Zhou Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, and has historical continuity. Look at the second clue There are four works in the middle of The Great Wu Song Poems, and their narratives are consistent and documentary to a great extent, which can be found in the literature records. The second "Zhu" is based on the battle of Makino and the death of Zhou Xing. "I was unlucky when I was here" tells the story of the strategy used from the king of Wen to the condensed many important historical events. "Pure city, it is time to use the big interface. I am a dragon, made by the king. " It reflects the vicissitudes of Makino War and Shang Zhou's death, which is in the same strain as the previous narrative. Dawugege's third poem is Clouds, which is based on his southern tour. Among them, "I am trying to find a solution" reveals the information of King Wu's visit, which is to stabilize the world. The fourth martial arts poem is "Fan", which describes the management of the prince of Wu in the south. Among them, "looking at the mountains and falling" is to show the deeds of the king of Wu in the south. When he climbed to the top of the mountain and looked around, he was proud of the establishment of the enfeoffment system and associated it with the sight of tributaries flowing into the Yellow River. Dawugege's fifth poem is "When it's time to get to Mai", with the division and rule of harmony as the background. Among them, there is a peaceful scene in which horses are put in the south mountain, swords and guns are put in storage, and the king of Wu sacrifices to the mountains of the Yellow River. From "Zhu" to "Huan", the events described in this poem appear constantly, with true history, complete narrative and documentary nature. The documentary nature of Dawu's poetry narrative inherits the tradition of Zhou Xianmin's Fu and has its historical origin. However, because the poems of Dawu songs are used for ancestral temple sacrifice and high-level etiquette, each song can't be sung for too long, which limits the space, the narrative can't be fully developed, and the details can't be described. Nevertheless, this group of poems has established a tradition, that is, the narrative and documentary nature of sacrificial poems. Throughout the three poems in The Book of Songs, it is rare to praise the sacrificial objects in an abstract way, but documentary narration is common, and many songs and poems are mainly documentary narration. The formation of this poetic form is of exemplary significance. Wu Song's poems are based on the battle of Makino and Dingge of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and avoid talking about war. However, this group of songs and poems runs through Yanwu's thought of writing, and has distinct cultural characteristics of rites and music. At the beginning of Wu Dynasty, it was said that the Shang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty was "conquering Yin to control Liu", and the Zhou people defeated Yin Shang to stop the brutal killing, replacing the cruel law with benevolence and righteousness, and demonstrating its justice. Biography, the second poem of Dawu Movement, is based on the battle of Makino. This poem emphasizes that King Wen and Wang are "taking care of their children when they are unlucky". The implication is that it is completely passive to cut and kill businessmen, and it is a last resort. For the description of the battle of Makino, only four short poems are used, and there is no mention of the cruelty of the war and no bloody scenes. "Daya Mian" wrote: "I don't hesitate to ask questions." "Daya Siqi" also has the language of "Sirong is not sick". These two poems in praise of Zhou ancestors both have scenes of killing prisoners and corpses, and retain traces of primitive barbarism. However, in the great martial arts poems, the description of war has been purified and killing is no longer advocated. The climax of the great martial arts poetry is in the fifth poem "Time", with the partition of Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong as the background. King Wu visited the south and offered sacrifices to various gods. Ministers took their positions and weapons of war were confiscated. King Wu should govern the country by virtue and ensure the stability of the country. Zhou's war against Yin was also mentioned in the poem, but it was ignored and not played up. Because of this, this poem later became a masterpiece of advocating morality and was repeatedly recited by people. There are ***6 martial arts poems, and the time is the longest. This background can also show the distinct orientation of Yan Wu's writing. As for the Eight Books of the Analects of Confucius, Confucius called Dawu "perfect, not perfect". This is Confucius' conclusion from his idealized view of ancient music. He believes that Dawu has not been divorced from the war and has not reached the state of perfection. However, the tendency of advocating morality in Wu Song's poems is an objective historical existence and an undeniable fact. Dawu song poetry is of exemplary significance to Fu, and Dawu dance is also of exemplary significance to pre-Qin temple song and dance, that is, it initially established a four-in-one dance system. 60% of martial arts dance consists of six segments, but its main part is the middle four segments. At the beginning, there was a long period of drumming alert, the singer chanted loudly, the dancers were in a state of preparation, and they did not officially start performing, and there were not many dance movements. Therefore, the first paragraph can be regarded as a prelude, and the dance movements formally appear from the second paragraph. In the sixth paragraph of "Dawu Dance", the dancer "stood in the composition for a long time", standing in the initial stage for a long time, and making a curtain call in this way, which indicates the end of "Dawu Dance". Therefore, the sixth paragraph of the martial arts dance should be regarded as the end, and there is no dance movement. In this way, the main part of the martial arts dance consists of four sections, reaching its climax in the fourth section. When discussing the movements and contents of each paragraph of Dawu Dance, Li Lezhi said: "Everyone sits in disorder, Zhao Zhouzhi." "Fifty percent, Zhou Gong left, Zhao Gong right." This is called the fifth chaos of martial arts, which means the end of the action. Obviously, this is the fifth paragraph as the last paragraph of the martial arts dance, otherwise it would not be called chaos. Some commentators don't understand this truth, thinking that chaos refers to the sixth paragraph of the martial arts dance, which is really a misunderstanding. The main body of Dawu dance consists of four sections, which became the basic system of temple song and dance in the pre-Qin period. The evocation of Chu Ci shows the joy of court singing and dancing, which is described in four paragraphs in chronological order. According to legend, Song Yu's Dance Fu also describes dance in four paragraphs. The first paragraph is "the beginning of the event", the second paragraph is "the closing ceremony is progressive, and the case will come quickly", the third paragraph is "turning around, forced by urgency", and the fourth paragraph is "smiling slowly, after the reorganization". Both "Evocation of Soul" and "Dance Fu" are divided into four stages, which shows that Chu court dance is also a unit of four stages. Different from Dawu Dance, the four dances in Chu have no prologue or ending, and they are pure four dances in a unit. In addition, the main part of the martial arts dance, the climax of singing and dancing in the fourth paragraph, is called chaos; The climax of Chu court dance is in the third paragraph, which is the key object of description. There are many four-chapter works in The Book of Songs, the fourth chapter is the basic combination unit, and the main body of Dawu dance is also composed of four paragraphs. Both poetry and dance follow the system of four as the basic unit and use the same structural model. From the content, Dawu reflects the life of King Wu's crusade. From an artistic point of view, this large number of men's group dances are well-structured, ups and downs with changes in formation, movements and emotions, to show the stabbing movements and complex formation changes in fierce battle scenes, and to push the dance to a climax. With a neat, standardized and stable team situation, it means complete victory and national unity and stability. Music takes drums as a prelude, things as companions, and songs as a foil to the majestic momentum.