Weining Caohai Nature Reserve is located in Weining Yi *** Miao Autonomous County in western Guizhou. The Caohai is known as the "Pearl of the Plateau", is the largest natural freshwater lake in Guizhou, and the Qinghai Lake, Dianchi, a national nature reserve. Elevation of 2171.7 meters, covering an area of more than 30 square kilometers, to the lush grass and named.
According to Fangzhi records, the original east, west, south, north and south of the four seas, and then into the land. To the Qing Xianfeng seven years (1857) between spring and summer, heavy rain for the disaster, flash floods, submerged waterways silted up, the western suburbs of the plains of the water from the discharge, so that the altitude of 2,000 meters of the basin to form a plateau sea. After the lake with more reeds, cattails and other aquatic plants, so the name grass sea. Produces the Weining fine fish, 1-2 centimeters long, tender and fresh, famous throughout the country. And produces long-tailed pheasant, white-bellied mallard, heron, geese, ducks and other dozens of wading birds, swimming birds. It is also the habitat of red-crowned crane, black-necked crane and white stork. Artificially bred beaver rat, lynx, mink, silver fox genus, high breeding rate. The lake is rich in fish and shrimp, cattail and other aquatic plants and animals, inhabited by more than 100 kinds of rare water birds, the world tsetse left the only plateau cranes - black-necked cranes, every year to overwinter here.
Caohai has a warm winter and a pleasant climate. In late spring, a large area of colorful and gorgeous rhododendrons are open around the Sea of Grass. Grass Sea in the fall is the most beautiful, the lake in the water in the turquoise water to open a flower, a string, a piece of yellow flowers, red flowers and white flowers, the boat line which, flowers floating with the water waves, such as into the fairyland. The winter of the grass sea is the best season to see the black-necked crane. Whenever the wind and sunshine, standing on the shore of the eye look, water and sky, smoke and water, pale flowers and clouds, Iris fish leap, geese across the fall, make people relaxed and happy.
Caohai is not only rich in resources, but also a good scene, rain or shine. Ascending the city outskirts of the sea building, the surrounding mountains, roads and lanes, mountain villages are rare. Lake in the blue waves of ten thousand hectares, water and sky, fishing boats point. There is a Penglai island, isolated in the center of the lake, forests and trees, Cuige Linglong, nymphalidae, known as the "Water Park".
Caohai around the Han, Yi, Hui, Miao people of all ethnic groups, every festival, the ethnic groups here horse racing, blowing Lusheng, singing, dancing, very lively.
Caohai is not only a good place for tourism activities, but also an ideal place for scientific investigation. Experts at home and abroad have examined the topography, geomorphology, soil, hydrology , climate, water quality, terrestrial vegetation, aquatic vegetation, zooplankton, phytoplankton, amphibians, fish, birds, amphibious reptiles, etc. of the area of the Caohai, and the Caohai has become the focus of attention of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Crane Foundation (ICF).
2. Who knows the origin and history of Caohai in Weining, GuizhouSituated in the western suburbs of the county, the national nature reserve - Caohai, together with Qinghai Lake and Dianchi, is one of the three major highland lakes in China, and is known as the "Gene Bank of Species," "Natural Museum," "Bird Kingdom," and the "Pearl of the Plateau.
In October 1992, the State Council announced the Caohai as a national nature reserve, with an area of 120 square kilometers, the Caohai gradually attracted the attention of the world, becoming one of the world's top ten best lakes for bird watching and an important base for bird research, in the latest edition of the national elementary school moral education textbook, "the home of the black-necked crane - Weining Caohai" article was compiled into the textbook. Caohai belongs to the Yangtze River system, is a tributary of the Jinsha River Hengjiang upper source of lakes, is the largest natural freshwater lakes on the Guizhou Plateau, the water surface elevation of 2,170 meters above sea level, than the main peak of Taishan Mountain is still 600 meters high.
Wetlands and farmland as neighbors, the lake's recharge source is mainly atmospheric precipitation and groundwater, the annual recharge of 800 ~ 9 million cubic meters of water, the average depth of the lake 2 meters, the deepest 5 meters, the lake is dotted with aquatic plants, the existing cauliflower, reeds, cattails, water onions, purple pimpernel, goldfish algae, and other aquatic plants more than 40 kinds of species, so the name of the "Sea of Grass". The beauty of the Sea of Grass, unique and marvelous, vast water surface, winding around the sea peaks, near and far, high and low, layered with times.
Southeast of the sea, six holes in the bridge long embankment lying wave, the western sea waters, Yang Guan Mountain pale abruptly. The mountains are surrounded by water, and it is a beautiful and graceful place.
The sea can be viewed from the mountain, the sea can also see the mountains, the mountains and the water are interdependent, natural and heavenly. The grass sea is a paradise for birds, the lake **** there are 208 kinds of birds more than 100,000.
China's existing 1186 species of birds, Guizhou has 417 species, and to the grass sea habitat of birds accounted for one-sixth of the country more than, accounting for nearly half of Guizhou, the grass sea has become China's second largest migratory bird paradise. There are 7 species of national-level protected birds such as black-necked cranes, golden eagles, black cranes, white-tailed sea eagles, etc., more than 20 species of second-level protected birds such as gray cranes, egrets, etc., 56 species of birds protected by the Sino-Japanese Migratory Bird Agreement, and 27 species of nationally rare and endangered key protected animals.
A variety of rare birds, with a "bird in the giant panda" called the black-necked crane is the most precious, it is the world so far found in the 15 kinds of cranes in the only crane living on the plateau, but also the latest scientific record of a kind of cranes, the world's only remaining 7000. According to the latest observation data, there are 1194 black-necked cranes, 774 gray cranes and 3820 spotted geese wintering in Caohai from spring 2008.
The water is another view of the Sea of Grass, especially clear, especially blue, like transparent glass, a glance can be seen swimming fish, water plants.
3. Who knows the history of Weining CaohaiCaohai, also known as the South China Sea, Baxianhai, is a limestone lagoon located in Weining County, western Guizhou Province, China, with the reputation of "Pearl of the Plateau".
According to the "Weining County Records" records, Qing Xianfeng ten years (1860), the local rainy days, flash floods, the collapse of the waves surging, holding the sand with rocks, the original water hole blocked and the formation of the country of zephyr, together with the South China Sea, the West China Sea and the name, but also because of the sea of grass in the water with many herbaceous plants, especially in the bushes the most plentiful, so the name of the grass is therefore the grass sea. Its watershed area of about 380 square kilometers, the lake area of 45 square kilometers, the general water depth of 2 meters, water storage capacity of 140 million cubic meters.
Caohai aquatic plants have 43 species and 142 genera. In fish resources, Weining fine fish is a valuable specialty, it is 1~2 cm long, tender and fresh meat.
In winter, it is also a winter resort for migratory birds such as black-necked cranes, white storks, geese and ducks. Grass sea superior natural conditions nurtured the grass sea rich biological resources, grass sea because the lake is shallow, good water quality, transparency, and the bottom of the lake and more for the silt substrate, and thus a wide variety of aquatic plants, various types of aquatic plants almost full of lake water aquatic plants, there are 20 families, 26 genera, 37 species of water underwater full of all kinds of green grasses, dense bottomless, due to the natural conditions of the natural blessings of the Grass Sea Because of the unique natural conditions, the Sea of Grass has become a paradise for birds and waterfowls, with as many as 150 species.
Among them, there are black-necked cranes, white-headed cranes, black storks, white storks, white-tailed sea eagles, etc., which belong to the first class of national protection; and there are more than ten kinds of white spoonbills, kites, white-tailed harriers, peregrine falcons, kestrels, gray cranes, short-eared trumpets, etc., which belong to the second class of protection. Caohai is the largest freshwater natural lake in Guizhou, a typical plateau wetland ecosystem, there is a peninsula of about 0.33 square kilometers on the south shore of the lake, and the narrowest part is only 200 meters wide and connected to the land, Caohai lake basin covers an area of 45km2, the bottom elevation of the lake is 2170m, and the average depth of the water is 2m, and the normal elevation of the water level of the Caohai of Bijie, Weining, Guizhou (11) is 2,171m, and the corresponding area is 20km2.
In 1992, the State Council approved as a national nature reserve. The Caohai is located in the territory of Weining County in western Guizhou.
It is the largest natural freshwater lake in Guizhou, with an elevation of 2171.7m, covering an area of more than 30 square kilometers, and named for its lush water and grass. The grass sea is surrounded by green mountains and dense forests on all sides.
The lake is rich in fish, shrimp, cattails and other aquatic plants and animals, inhabited by more than 100 kinds of rare waterfowl, China's endemic plateau migratory black-necked cranes, every year to overwinter here. It mainly protects wetland birds mainly black-necked cranes.
Caohai is known as the "Kingdom of Birds", **** there are more than 100 species of birds, more than 70 species of rare birds, especially rare birds are black-necked cranes, gray cranes, Danding Cranes, yellow-spotted reed pheasants, black-winged long-footed sandpipers and grass herons, as well as a large number of geese and ducks, the world's top ten migratory bird **** life, harmony, one of the sites of winter and spring bird watching. It is one of the top ten migratory bird activities in the world where people and birds *** live in harmony, and it is the best choice for bird watching in winter and spring, and summer and fall summer vacation. The Caohai has a warm winter and a pleasant climate.
In late spring, the grass sea around the opening of a large area of thousands of forms, gorgeous and moving azaleas. Grass Sea in the fall is the most beautiful, the lake in the water in the turquoise water bloom a flower, a string, a piece of yellow flowers, red flowers and white flowers, the boat line which, flowers floating with the water waves, such as into the fairyland.
The winter in Caohai is the best season to see more than 300 kinds of birds such as black-necked cranes. Grass Sea is surrounded by green mountains, dense forests, water and sky, green peaks swan, the western part of the Grass Sea, there is an isolated island called "Yang Guan Mountain" island bamboo fence cottages, dogs and chickens, white sails in the lake, sparkling, a peaceful and indifferent paradise scene.
Caohai southeast of the water has six holes in the bridge and look at the sea building, along the bridge, willow embankment, willow willows, long embankment at the eastern end of the temple, rumor has it that Lv Dongbin had been to this tour. Grass Sea is rich in fish and shrimp, waterfowl, cattails and other aquatic plants and animals, inhabited by rare water birds.
Among them, the most numerous and famous are black-necked cranes and wild ducks. The climate here is humid and mild, so in late spring, the sea of grass will be covered with azaleas in a variety of colors.
For the Caohai silent earth added a few vigor and vitality. The scenery of the Yi people near the Sea of Grass is fascinating, and every year at the Dragon Boat Festival, the Yi people hold a horse race here, and the young men and women dance in the Lusheng Mountain Song and pass each other's eyes.
4. The complete history of the Weining CaohaiThe Weining Caohai Nature Reserve is located in Weining Yi *** Miao Autonomous County in western Guizhou.
Caohai is known as the "Pearl of the Plateau", is the largest natural freshwater lake in Guizhou, with Qinghai Lake, Dianchi, is a national nature reserve. Elevation of 2171.7 meters, covering an area of more than 30 square kilometers to maintain the name of the lush water and grass.
According to Fangzhi records, the original east, west, south, north and south of the four seas, and then into the land. To the Qing Xianfeng seven years (1857) between spring and summer, heavy rain for the disaster, flash floods, submerged waterways silted up, the western suburbs of the plains of the water from the discharge, so that the altitude of 2,000 meters of the basin to form a plateau of the sea.
After the lake with more reeds, cattails and other aquatic plants, so the name Grass Sea. Produced Weining fine fish, 1-2 cm long, tender and fresh, famous throughout the country.
And the production of long-tailed pheasant, white-bellied mallard, heron, geese, ducks and other dozens of wading birds, swimming birds. It is also the habitat of red-crowned cranes, black-necked cranes and white storks.
Artificial beaver rat, lynx, mink, silver fox genus, high breeding rate. The lake is rich in fish and shrimp, cattail and other aquatic plants and animals, inhabited by more than 100 kinds of rare water birds, the world tsetse left the only plateau cranes - black-necked cranes, every year to overwinter here.
Caohai has a warm winter and a pleasant climate. In late spring, a large area of azaleas in a variety of colors and splendor opens around the Sea of Grass.
The most beautiful Caohai in the fall, the lake's water plants in the turquoise water bloomed a flower, a string, a piece of yellow, red and white flowers, the boat line which, flowers floating with the water waves, such as into the fairyland. The winter of the grass sea is the best season to see the black-necked cranes.
Whenever the wind and sunshine, standing on the shore of the eye look, water and sky, smoke and water, pale flowers and cloud trees, kite flying fish jump, geese across the fall, make people relaxed and happy. The grass sea is not only rich in resources, but also a good view of the four seasons, both rain and shine.
Ascending the city outskirts of the sea building, the surrounding mountains, roads and rivers, mountain villages are rare. The lake has ten thousand hectares of blue waves, the water and the sky are one color, and the fishing boats are dotted.
There is a small island of Penglai, isolated in the center of the lake, forests and trees, Cuige Linglong, nymphalid butterflies, known as the "Water Park". Grass Sea around the Han, Yi, Hui, Miao people of all ethnic groups, every festival, the ethnic groups here horse racing, blowing Lusheng, singing, dancing, very lively.
The Caohai is not only a good place for tourism activities, but also an ideal place for scientific investigation. Experts at home and abroad have examined the topography, geomorphology, soil, hydrology, climate, water quality, terrestrial vegetation, aquatic vegetation, zooplankton, phytoplankton, amphibians, fish, birds, amphibious reptiles, etc., and the Caohai Sea has become the focus of attention of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Crane Foundation (ICF).
5. Weining tourism resources include whatCaohai is Guizhou's largest natural freshwater lake, 2171.7 meters above sea level, covering an area of more than 30 square kilometers to maintain, to the water and grass flourished and named. There are 37 species of higher aquatic plants in the area, of which the sea cauliflower is a national key protection plant, more than 10 species of fish, 178 species or subspecies of birds, of which 27 species are national key protection animals, 48 species of birds protected by the Sino-Japanese Migratory Bird Agreement, and one of the main overwintering places of the first-grade protected animal, the black-necked crane.
Caohai is surrounded by green mountains and dense forests. The lake is rich in fish, shrimp, cattails and other aquatic plants and animals, inhabited by more than 100 kinds of rare water birds, China's endemic plateau migratory black-necked cranes, every year to winter here. It mainly protects wetland birds, mainly black-necked cranes. Caohai is known as the "Kingdom of Birds", *** there are more than 100 species of birds, more than 70 species of rare birds, especially rare birds are black-necked cranes, gray cranes, cranes, yellow-spotted reed pheasants, black-winged sandpipers and grass herons, as well as a large number of geese and ducks, is the world's top ten migratory birds *** life, harmony, one of the sites is the best choice place for bird watching in winter and spring, and summer and fall summer vacation.
Caohai has a warm winter and pleasant climate. In late spring, the grass sea around the opening of a large area of thousands of forms, gorgeous and moving rhododendron. Grass Sea in the fall is the most beautiful, the lake in the water in the turquoise water to open a flower, a string, a piece of yellow flowers, red flowers and white flowers, the boat line which, flowers floating with the water waves, such as into the fairyland. The winter of Caohai is the best season to see more than 300 kinds of birds such as black-necked cranes.
Grass Sea surrounded by green hills, dense forests, water and sky, Cuifeng swan, Grass Sea, the western part of an isolated island called "Yang Guan Mountain" island bamboo fence cottages, dogs and chickens heard, white sails in the lake, sparkling, a peaceful and indifferent paradise scenery to. Grass Sea southeast of the water has six holes in the bridge and look at the sea building, along the bridge, willow long embankment, willow, long embankment at the eastern end of the temple, rumor has it that Lv Dongbin had been to this tour.
The Caohai Sea is rich in fish and shrimp, waterfowl, cattails and other aquatic plants and animals, inhabited by rare water birds. The most famous ones are black-necked cranes and wild ducks.
6. Weining HistoryWeining Yi *** Miao Autonomous County, is the largest ethnic autonomous county in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Province, the direct control of the county pilot. It is located in the northwestern part of the province, adjoining Yunnan Province in the north, west and south. Area of 6,295 square kilometers, population of about 1.402 million; of which Yi, Hui, Miao and other ethnic minorities accounted for 23.1% of the total population. The county government is stationed in Caohai Town. [1]
Weining. Take the town of Wei peaceful meaning.
Weining Yi *** Miao Autonomous County, Xia for the southwest domain of Liangzhou, Yin and Zhou belong to the northwest corner of the ghost party, the Spring and Autumn in Shu south of the mean, the Warring States for the western Yelang Mo state belongs to.
In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to the Elephant County, and was bounded by the Six Rivers to the southern border of Shu County.
In the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Gandan County; in the Shu Han Dynasty, it belonged to Zhuti County.
In the Jin, Song, and Southern Qi, it was called South Zhuti County; in Liang and Chen, it was under the jurisdiction of Nanning Prefecture, but it was actually occupied by the indigenous gentry.
In Sui Dynasty, it belonged to Lu Lu Department. In Tang Dynasty, it was a tie-up state, called Baozhou. In the Tang Dynasty, it was a tie-up state, called Baozhou. In the fifth generation, it was Bafan Wu Gu. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was the tie-up state of Wusa under Shaoqing Prefecture; in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was under the control of Dali State.
Yuan Shizu Yuan Zhiyuan thirteen years (1276), set up Usha Road; fifteen years (1278), renamed the General Administration of the military and civilian government; twenty-one years (1284), changed to set up the Usha military and civilian Xuandao Division, twenty-four years (1287), upgraded to the Usha Umeng Xuandao Division, belonging to the province of Yunnan. Wusa, jurisdiction for today's Weining, Hezhang and so on. Yuan Shun emperor after to the first year (1335), changed to the Sichuan province.
Ming Hongwu fourteen years (1381), the Usha surrendered, awarded the solid Bu Usha Tu Zhifu, under the Yunnan Buzhengzhi; fifteen years (1382), the Usha Wei Commanding General Division, under the Yunnan Department of Justice; sixteen years (1383), Usha House to the Chief Secretary of Sichuan; seventeen years (1384), rose to the military and civil government. Yongle twelve years (1414), changed the Wusah Wei under the Guizhou Department.
Qing Kangxi four years (1665) pacified water Xi'an Kun, Wuzha An Chong Sheng. Five years (1666), changed the Sichuan Usha Tufu for the Weining State, take the meaning of Wei Zhen An Ning, under the Guizhou. Twenty-six years (1687), to Dading, Qianxi, Pingyuan three states under the Wei Ningfu. In the seventh year of the Yongzheng reign down the Weining Prefecture for the state, belonging to the Dading Prefecture.
The second year of the Republic of China (1913), the abolition of Weining Prefecture set Weining County, and set up Shengpo sub-county, under the fourth administrative commissioner of Guizhou Province inspectorate; five years (1916), moved Shengpo sub-county in Hezhang.
In 1949, the establishment of the people of all ethnic groups in all walks of life of the United ***. November 11, 1954, approved by the State Council, the abolition of Weining County, the establishment of Weining Yi *** Miao Autonomous Region in 1955, renamed Weining Yi *** Miao Autonomous Prefecture, belonging to the Bijie region.
Since July 1, 2013, Wei Ning Yi *** Miao Autonomous County has become a pilot of direct administration in Guizhou Province. [2]
7. What are the current development status and existing problems of Weining Caohai1. Visibility of Weining Caohai The development of tourism mecca not only needs economic support, but also a good visibility, because the level of visibility seriously affects the number of tourists and the amount of money invested.
However, I found in the data collection and interview process, Guizhou people know 70% of the grass sea, but only 40% of them very comprehensive understanding of the Weining grass sea, 16% of the interviewees to Weining grass sea traveled. Guizhou Province accidentally only 10% of the interviewees to understand the Weining Caohai, of which 1% to Weining Caohai traveled.
The information shows that the Weining Caohai overseas tourists only account for about 20% of the whole tourists. The only thing that you can find on the web is a few pictures of the sea and a fairly brief introduction to it.
So, the development to the present, the tourism reputation of Weining Caohai is still not optimistic, such a problem in the future development and development need to focus on publicity, dissemination. 2, Weining people on the grass sea tourism development and protection of the cognitive degree of grass sea tourism development, the most important thing is to get *** and Weining people's support, but now the *** on the grass sea concern only stays in the grass sea ecological protection, tourism this piece is still relatively primitive way of tourism.
And the people's awareness is still opposed to the attitude. They believe that the development of the Weining Grass Sea will take away their land, so from the establishment of the Grass Sea Protected Area to the present, *** not only once on the Grass Sea Protected Area farmers to migrate, but because of the financial subsidies and land issues stopped again and again.
3, human resource management in ecotourism human resource management is one of the important link, tourism human resources is to enhance the sustainable development of ecotourism is an important guarantee of the ability of ecotourism, ecotourism is the organizer, builder, maintainer, ecotourism is an effective disseminator. The tourism industry is a thriving one, and the managers play a leading role in its operation.
They guide the tourists' travel *** for, guide their consumption direction; provide tourists with information about ecological products and services and enterprise ecological management, publicize, inculcate, infiltrate ecological products, services and ecological concepts, *** and create consumer demand for ecotourism; according to ecological concepts and principles of ecological products and services to develop ecological prices to guide the customer's eco-consumption. At present, there are still problems in human resource management in ecotourism in Weining Caohai.
In charge of the protection of the Grass Sea, the Weining Grass Sea Protection Station should be 60 employees, but the actual only 38 people, and now in the work of the staff in 1/3 in August this year, only the preparation of the post, and in the staff, only a small number of undergraduates, and they studied the scattered specialties, there are English majors, human resources majors, Chinese language and literature majors. In addition to the usual protection of the grass sea staff, but also to the grass sea tourism to assist in the management.
They do not have weekends, every day's work is to go out together with the end of the day, usually in addition to assisting more than 100 boaters work, but also to draw the allocation of manpower back to the Bureau to complete the day's work. This method of not having a reasonable work arrangement greatly reduces the efficiency of the work.
4, tourism economic income Now the Weining Grass Sea economic income settlement project source is very little, mainly fisheries, seaweed salvage, and tourists in Weining consumption. 2010 Weining Grass Sea tourism and production income is only 1.201 million yuan, in 2011 an average of 150,000 yuan per month income, the National Day holiday period of 160,000 yuan of income.
5, capital investment aspects of the Caohai now the capital investment is mainly placed on the construction of infrastructure. A total investment of 1.38 billion, the construction of 28 kilometers of highway around the sea *** investment of 50 million, the construction of domestic sewage production investment of 870,000 yuan, the construction and maintenance of the existing wharf *** four and the corresponding existence of the total investment in the policing system is about 200 million, there are other projects: Caohai wetland ecological maintenance system and the construction of the 3A scenic spot.
6, infrastructure construction Infrastructure construction is the development of the grass sea there are difficulties, there are only two docks, more than 100 boats, a bird watching platform, a bird market in November 2011, the construction was completed, other infrastructure construction in the planning and approval.