1. Giordano Bruno
Giordano Bruno was a great thinker, natural scientist, philosopher and writer during the Italian Renaissance. He bravely defended and developed Copernicus' heliocentric theory and spread it throughout Europe. He was hailed by the world as a fearless fighter against the church and scholasticism, and a martyr to defend the truth.
2. Andrea Vesalius
The book "The Structure of the Human Body" by the Belgian doctor Andre Vesalius was published. Vesalius studied human structure through human anatomy practice and overturned many errors of Galen in ancient Greece. The anatomy he established opened the way for the discovery of blood circulation.
Vesalius was persecuted by the church and ran away from Spain. He was later sentenced to death. After the king's intervention, he was changed to a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. On the way back, his ship was in danger and he died unfortunately; Servetus's book was regarded by the believers as For heresy, the Inquisition sentenced him to death at the stake. Servetus was burned to death on the burning ground in Geneva in 1553, and all his writings were also burned.
3. Copernicus
The Italian scientist who wrote "On the Movement of Celestial Spheres" was brutally persecuted by the church. At the age of 40, Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, which denied the authority of the church and changed mankind's view of nature and itself. At that time, the Roman Catholic Church mistakenly believed that his heliocentric theory violated the Bible.
4. Galileo
Galileo wrote about Copernican theory in Italian (rather than using ordinary academic Latin), and his views soon became widely known Support beyond the university community. This angered the Aristotelian professors, who rallied against him and tried hard to persuade the Catholic Church to ban Copernicanism.
Galileo was worried about this and rushed to Rome to complain to the Catholic authorities. He argued that the Bible does not attempt to tell us anything about scientific theories, but often assumes that when the Bible conflicts with common sense, it becomes metaphorical. But the church, fearful that the scandal might harm its fight against Protestants, resorted to repression.
The Pope pointed out that although the censor officially approved the publication of the book, Galileo still violated the 1616 ban. He brought Galileo before the Inquisition, sentenced him to lifelong house arrest, and ordered him to publicly renounce Copernicanism. Galileo was forced to obey for the second time. Because of his defense of scientific truth, he was persecuted by the Inquisition in 1633. Unfortunately, he died of illness in 1642. He was already blind at that time.
5. Thomas Campanella
Thomas Campanella’s original name was Giovanni Domenico Campanella, a utopian society in the Italian Renaissance rist, philosopher, writer. Born in southern Italy on September 5, 1568, he entered the Dominican order in 1582. From 1591 to 1597, he was arrested three times for publishing anti-religious works and spent six years in prison. Released in December 1597.
After being ordered to return to his hometown, he was arrested by the Spanish authorities in September 1599 for participating in leading the struggle of the people of southern Italy against the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and spent 27 years in prison. After his release in July 1628, he continued to participate in organizing the anti-Spanish uprising of the people in his hometown, but unfortunately failed again because of a traitor's informant.