RBU series anti-submarine rocket deep bomb launcher of Russian navy
In the past, the equipment status of Russian navy RBU series anti-submarine rocket deep bomb launchers was rarely published, and once the specific content was involved, it was extremely confidential. Because people know little about it, they feel more mysterious about it. As early as World War II, the anti-submarine ship leased by American allies to the former Soviet Navy was equipped with an anti-submarine rocket launcher "mousetrap". This is an anti-submarine rocket launcher, and the truss 4 is assembled by parallel guide rails. When in use, the truss is supported at a fixed elevation angle of 48. When not in use, the truss can be folded flat on the deck. The equipment is launched by the principle of rocket reaction force, without recoil, light structure and flexible use. Its firepower is as fast as Katyusha equipped by the former Soviet army, and it explodes at a certain depth underwater, which can kill enemy submarines and cause a strong shock to the spirit of the crew. It is especially suitable for the installation and use of medium and small ships. At that time, it attracted the attention of multinational navies. Because the elevation angle of the mousetrap anti-submarine rocket launcher is fixed and there is no directional aiming mechanism, it is necessary to use the maneuverability of the ship to occupy the submarine launch array. In the process of target aiming, it is greatly influenced by the ship's navigation swing. Target azimuth, range variability and launch time are all provided by sonar recorder. Due to many manual operations, the submarine's shooting accuracy is low, which can't meet the actual needs. Drawing lessons from wartime experience and the successful experience of naval artillery, the former Soviet navy improved and perfected the original "mousetrap" anti-submarine rocket launcher. From the mid-1950s to the late 1980s, in order to meet the needs of different types of anti-submarine surface ships, the Russian Navy successively developed the RBU series anti-submarine rocket deep bomb launcher system with five models. RBU is the abbreviation of Russian anti-submarine rocket deep bomb launcher, spelled with Latin letters, and the Arabic numerals at the back indicate the range in meters. RBU is mainly used to aim and launch deep-water bombs of RGB anti-submarine rockets, and give them initial elevation and flight direction. RGB anti-submarine rocket depth charge is an uncontrolled anti-submarine rocket in medium and short range. Generally, it does not directly hit the target, but uses the high-explosive warhead to set the underwater depth to detonate, producing a shock wave to kill the submarine. Through short-term continuous shooting, a "carpet" saturation attack can be formed on the target. To be exact, RBU is only a subsystem of anti-submarine weapon system. ORBU consists of electric aiming transmission device, filling equipment, anti-submarine rocket depth charge and its launching device. In the early 1960s, the anti-submarine ships of the former Soviet Navy had been equipped with the "Tornado" series of anti-submarine weapon systems. Tornado -2 anti-submarine weapon system includes RBU-6000 and RGB-600. Tornado -3 anti-submarine weapon system includes RBU- 1000 and RGB- 10. RBU- 1200 Anti-submarine Rocket Deep Bomb Launcher The launcher of this system consists of five combined launch tubes, which are arranged in two layers, with three tubes in the upper layer and 1 tube in the lower layer. Its size is1390x1140x115438mm, and its total weight is 430 kg. In order to realize fire control and ensure that RBU- 1200 can track the aiming target quickly and accurately, the electric aiming transmission device is adopted, which can eliminate the pitching influence of the ship and has the function of single plane aiming stability. The height angle range of the device is 0-5 1, and the height angle range of electric operation is 3-48. The effective range is 400- 1450m, and the dispersion ellipse is 70x 120. Then reload the human tool bomb. RGB- 12 anti-submarine rocket is 250 mm deep, 1230 mm long and weighs 7 1. Five kilos. The warhead has a charge of 32kg and is equipped with a KDV trigger timing fuse, which can detonate or hit the hull at a set depth. The submarine's operational depth is 10-300m, and the destruction radius is 5m. The maximum terminal velocity 120m/s in the active phase of the missile, and the limit dive velocity is 6. 85 meters per second. Because of its small size and light weight, RBU- 1200 is suitable for small and medium-sized anti-submarine ships to carry out offshore anti-submarine, patrol and escort missions. At the beginning of 1956, RBU- 1200 first appeared on the Riga class frigate. Later, it was installed and put into service on SO- 1 class anti-submarine escort boat and T-58 class minesweeper. In the late 1950s, this product was successively transferred to the navies of China, Indonesia, Viet Nam and Warsaw Pact countries. The launching device of RBU—-500 anti-submarine rocket deep bomb launcher system has 16 combined launch tubes, which are arranged in parallel in upper and lower layers. 2 tubes on the left and right, 4 tubes in the middle. Its overall dimension is 1700x2300x 1800 mm, which is traced back to the source and probably developed on the basis of Army BM- 14 or BM-24 rocket launcher. The device has the function of biplane aiming and stabilization, the range of high and low angles is 0-85, the effective range is 500-2800 meters, and the unfolding ellipse is150x300m. Then reload the human tool bomb. RGB-25 anti-submarine rocket is 2 10 mm deep, 0/340mm long and weighs 85 kg. The warhead has a charge of 26 kg and is equipped with a KDV trigger timing fuse. The submarine's combat depth is10-330m, and its damage radius is less than 5m. The maximum terminal velocity 170m/s and the limit dive velocity 1 1 in the active phase of the missile. 5 meters per second. In the early Liao Dynasty, RBU-2500 was equipped with guided missile destroyers of Kilding class, Krupuni class and Kenda class. Because of its short range and manual loading, it was quickly eliminated and replaced by the advanced RBU-6000 system. The launching device of RBU—6000 anti-submarine rocket deep bomb launching system (see the title picture) has 12 combined launch tubes, which are arranged in an arc, with 6 tubes on the left and right. Its size is 2 140x 1880x2260mm and its weight is 3200kg. The launcher can rotate and pitch, which can provide greater tactical flexibility during submarine attack. It has biplane stabilization function, which can eliminate the influence of pitch and roll on aiming. High degree of automation, can complete automatic tracking, automatic aiming and automatic loading. The elevation range is-100-67, and the azimuth range is 0-340. When the filling angle is-90, the front end of the launch tube bends downward to a vertical state. During automatic loading, the bomb bay door on the deck is pulled open, and the RGB-60 deep bomb is automatically loaded into each launch tube from the bomb bay, through the bomb conveyor and through the bomb barrel. Two-plane combat, with an effective range of 500-5500 meters; Act alone, the effective range is 300- 1700 meters. The shooting interval is 0. 5 seconds, the unfolding ellipse is 200x4 meters .. The depth of the RGB-60 anti-submarine rocket is 2 10 mm, the length is 1830 mm, and the weight is 1 19. Five kilos. The warhead weighs 23 pounds. 5 kg, and equipped with UDV-60 trigger timing fuse. Fuze has the function of group explosion, and the radius of action can reach 50 meters. The submarine's combat depth is 450 meters, and the fuze initiation depth is set by the commander in the main command position. The maximum terminal velocity of the active phase of the missile is 400 m/s, and the limit dive velocity is 2 m/s ... RBU-6000 system is equipped with a wide range of objects, so it is one of the main anti-submarine weapons of the Russian navy at all levels. It is not only equipped and used on Kiev-class aircraft carrier, Moscow-class anti-submarine helicopter carrier, Kirov-class nuclear-powered missile cruiser and other large anti-submarine ships, but also on small and medium-sized anti-submarine ships such as Crivatz-class frigates and Piga-class anti-submarine patrol boats. RBU- 1000 Anti-submarine Rocket Deep Bomb Launcher System This device has 6 combined launch tubes, which are arranged up and down, with 3 tubes on the left and right. Its overall dimensions are 2 165x2055x2050 and its weight is 2900kg. The device has dual-plane aiming and stabilizing functions, and can automatically track, aim and load. Height angle range-1000-72, direction angle range 0-340 and filling angle -90. The valid range is 100— 1000m, and the ellipse is 100x200. RGB- 10 anti-submarine rocket has a depth of 300mm, a length of 1700mm and a weight of 196kg. The warhead is charged 100 kg, equipped with UDV-60 trigger timing fuse, and the submarine has a combat depth of 450 meters. The destruction radius is 7 meters, which has the function of group explosion, and the action radius can reach 100 meters. . The maximum terminal velocity of the active phase of the missile is 100 m/s, and the limit dive velocity is 3 m/s. In the 1970s and 1990s, the RBU- 1000 system was installed in the middle of large ships such as Krista-II missile cruiser, Kirov nuclear-powered missile cruiser, Kara anti-submarine ship and modern missile destroyer, or on both sides of the deck of the stern superstructure. From its installation position, it is obvious that it is mainly used as an anti-torpedo defense weapon. Followed by close-range anti-submarine weapons as a supplement to expand the results. In the late 1980s, the Russian navy carried out an ocean-going deep-sea anti-submarine mission to prevent nuclear submarines from approaching territorial waters or ship formations, and to ensure sufficient effectiveness and broaden the versatility of the RBU system. In the early 1990s, RPK-8 anti-submarine rocket system (improved RBU-6000 system) and RBU- 12000 anti-submarine rocket deep-charge launcher system were successively introduced. RPK-8 anti-submarine rocket system consists of 90R anti-submarine rocket gravity terminal guidance depth charge and RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket depth charge launcher. 90R gravity terminal guidance depth charge consists of warhead, separator and rocket engine. The warhead mainly includes fuze, hydrodynamic rudder, active acoustic homing device and shaped charge. The bullet diameter is 2 10 mm, the bullet length is 1832 mm, and the total weight of the bullet is 1 12. Five kilos. Its combat length is 930 mm, its weight is 65 kg, and the directional blasting charge of shaped charge is 19 kg. The RPK-8 system is fully automatic aiming, with a system response time of15s, a continuous launch interval of 3 seconds, an effective range of 600-4,300m, and a submarine combat depth of1000m. Obviously, the target range includes nuclear submarines. When launching, when the 90R gravity terminal guidance depth charge flies to a predetermined distance, the separator throws away the rocket engine and the liberated warhead splashes into the water. There is no power underwater, only inertial motion and gravity. The limit dive speed 16 m/s is 0 after entering the water. Turn on the active acoustic homing device after 5 seconds. When the reflected signal of the target is received, the steering gear will act to control the hydrodynamic rudder and change the moving direction of the warhead. It can guide targets within 56, and the active acoustic homing distance is 130m. The trigger fuse directly hits the submarine, and the probability of submarine being attacked can reach 80%. The RBU- 12000 anti-submarine rocket launcher system was named "Python-1(UDAV- 1) multi-unit rocket launcher system. The device has multi-unit emission tubes arranged in an arc shape, with 5 tubes on each side. The weight is 14. 7 tons. Automatic tracking and aiming, automatic loading, system response time is 15 seconds. RGB- 120 anti-submarine rocket is 300mm deep, 2200mm long and weighs 232. Five kilos. The maximum effective range is12000m. The weight of anti-torpedo rocket bait is 20 1 kg, and the interception range is100-3000m. The probability of intercepting incoming direct torpedo is 90%, and the probability of intercepting homing torpedo is 76%. In order to enhance the anti-submarine warfare capability of large anti-submarine ships, the Russian Navy has replaced the RBU-6000 on the bridge front deck of the nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser Peter the Great and the intrepid large anti-submarine ship built in recent years with RBU- 12000. There are 1 RBU- 12000 on both sides and concave parts of the stern of the Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier in service. This is the world's first efficient multi-level anti-torpedo defense system for aircraft carriers. To sum up, at present, 1)2RBU- 1000, RBU-6000 and RBU- 12000 have been formed as standard anti-submarine weapons in the Russian navy. The development of RBU series vehicles is not the result of doubling the scope. In fact, its main design idea is to continuously improve and improve performance to ensure the full effectiveness of tapping potential. The second is to provide anti-torpedo defense system for surface ships and develop its universality. Therefore, compared with similar foreign products, RBU series is in the leading position in the world in tactical performance and submarine combat capability. RGB-60 and RGB- 120 anti-submarine rocket depth bombs adopt double-machine speed change to ensure long range, shorten flight time and attack underwater targets along the best trajectory. 90R gravity-guided deep-water bomb absorbs the characteristics of deep-water bomb and torpedo, and a smart and accurate acoustic homing device is installed in its warhead, which can directly hit the target and ensure the feasibility of directional blasting with shaped charge. In addition to anti-submarine, RBU series is also used for anti-torpedo and anti-underwater frogman. It should be pointed out that RBU intercepting direct torpedo and interfering wake homing torpedo is a realistic and effective countermeasure at present. The first application of this innovative anti-torpedo technology in the world should be attributed to the contribution of Russian scientists and engineers. After the end of the cold war, under the trend of eliminating confrontation and reducing military armaments, the conventional submarines in the 2 1 century still have an underwater deterrent force that cannot be ignored. Therefore, it determines the future situation of anti-submarine warfare, and anti-submarine ships may keep in touch and locate with submarines in a relatively close range. It can be seen that although RBU series devices have been in service for nearly half a century, they are still a vital and economical anti-submarine weapon in the unexplored anti-submarine warfare. In submarine warfare, China was convinced of the power and experience of Soviet deep bombs. Therefore, starting from 1959, China first began to imitate the RBU- 1200 anti-submarine rocket weapon system equipped on Soviet naval vessels, that is, the domestic 62-type rocket deep-charge weapon system. Judging from the launch device of Type 62 rocket depth charge displayed in Qingdao naval museum Square exhibition area, the launch device has a five-unit layout, which is divided into upper and lower floors, with three tubes on the upper floor and one tube on the left and right of the lower floor, with a height of1.5m. In order to eliminate the influence of ship pitching, the Type 62 rocket depth charge weapon system adopts electric aiming; It realizes fast and accurate tracking and aiming of the target. The height angle range of the equipment is 0~5 1 degree. The effective range is 400 ~1450m, and the extended ellipse is 70× 120m. It launched an RGB- 12 anti-submarine rocket depth bomb with a diameter of 252 mm, a length of about 1.3 m and a weight of 7 1.5 kg. The charge of the warhead is 32 kg, and the depth can be set at 10~300 m, and the destruction radius is 9 m. Although 62. Especially when attacking, aim at the front like a mousetrap, which is easy to be evaded by enemy submarines. However, the device is small in size and light in weight, and is suitable for small and medium-sized anti-submarine surface ships to perform tasks such as offshore anti-submarine, patrol and escort. China's early submarine hunting was equipped with Type 62 anti-submarine rocket system. Later, China deepened the missile launcher by refitting Type 62 combined launch tube, and its performance was improved. China's early submarine hunters and escort ships modified this kind of rocket depth bomb weapon system in large quantities. In the early 1960s, in order to deal with the threat of submarines more effectively, the Soviet Navy introduced various rocket-type deep-water bomb systems such as RBU-2500 and RBU-6000. On the basis of summarizing the previous imitation design, a research institute in China developed the 75-type rocket-type deep-charge weapon system. The system consists of 75 rocket-type depth charge, launch tube and electric aiming transmission device. Type 75 depth charge weighs 72kg, has a diameter of over 200mm, a length of 1450mm and a range of 1200 ~ 2500m. This kind of deep-water bomb belongs to the low-speed rotating tail bomb, which was launched by the 75-type rocket-type depth-increasing projectile launcher. Mainly used against submarines, but also used to attack surface ships. The depth bomb launcher consists of 12 launch tubes, which can be used for volley or partial volley or single point launch. After completion, it is mainly equipped with destroyers. Its electric aiming transmission device has three working modes: automatic, semi-automatic and manual, which can automatically set the angle, load and trajectory to complete shooting; Semi-automatic loading, tracking and shooting can also be carried out. You can also shoot manually if necessary. Compared with the 62-type rocket-type depth charge launching system, the 75-type rocket-type depth charge launching system not only greatly improves the effective attack distance and anti-submarine warfare capability, but also significantly enhances the maneuverability in combat. In this regard, when I visited naval museum, I saw this type of launcher in the square exhibition area. After the 1960s and 1970s, although the rocket-type anti-submarine depth bombs of the Soviet Union continued to develop, China had to rely on its own strength because of the embargo and blockade imposed by the Soviet Union on China's weapons, equipment and technology. In the early 1980s, a factory in China developed an improved rocket-type depth charge launching system based on the Type 62 rocket-type depth charge system. The system adopts the technology of gas lateral shunt, which reduces the axial thrust and improves the engine tail structure. Its overall structure is very similar to the Type 62 deep-water bomb launching system. The length of the projectile is about 1, 230mm, and the diameter of the projectile is about 250mm. The charge and weight of the projectile are basically the same, and the power is similar. However, this type of deep-water bomb has many major improvements, and many technical performances are better than Type 62. For example, its range is almost twice that of the latter, reaching about 3000 meters; Moreover, it has two launch distances, that is, it can shoot at a long distance (3000 meters) and hit short-range underwater targets (about 60 meters), thus obviously expanding the range of attack.