1, the shape and size of the Earth The Earth is an irregular sphere slightly flattened at the poles, its average diameter of 6371 meters.
2, lines of latitude and latitude in the globe, along the east-west direction, around the globe a week of the circle, called the lines of latitude. All the lines of latitude are circles, can be called the circle of latitude; the length of the circle of latitude has a long and short, the equator is the longest, to the poles gradually shorten, and finally into a point. All lines of latitude indicate east-west direction.
The equator is the longest and latitude line, about 40,000 kilometers long. It is equidistant from the poles and divides the Earth into two hemispheres, north and south. The equator is the zero degree latitude line on the globe. Latitude north of the equator, called the northern latitude, customarily used "N" as a code; latitude south of the equator, called the southern latitude, customarily used "S".
3, longitude and longitude on the globe, connecting the north and south poles and with the latitudinal vertical intersection of the line is called the meridian, also known as the meridian. All lines of longitude are semicircular; all are equal in length, and all indicate a north-south direction.
The zero meridian on the globe is called the prime meridian, from the prime meridian to the east, to the west, each divided into 1800, to the east of 1800 belongs to the east meridian, customarily used "E" for the code, to the west of 1800 belongs to the west meridian, customarily used "W "
International
Internationally, it is customary to use the 200W and 1600E coils of longitude as the boundary between the eastern and western hemispheres.
4, the Earth's rotation and alternating day and night the Earth around the earth's axis constantly rotating, which is called the Earth's rotation, the direction of the Earth's rotation is from west to east. The rotation of one week is about 24 hours, that is, a day. This gives rise to the phenomenon of alternating day and night.
5, the Earth's rotation and seasonal changes in the rotation of the Earth at the same time, but also around the sun rotation, the direction of the Earth's rotation is also since the direction of the west to the east, a week of rotation time is one year. The orbital plane of rotation and the earth's axis always maintains a 66.50 angle. Due to the rotation of the Earth, the change of seasons is produced.
6, the division of the five zones of the tropics in the north and south between the Tropic of Capricorn, the phenomenon of direct sunlight throughout the year, the ground to get the most solar heat, the climate hot all year round. The Tropic of Cancer is the dividing line between the tropics and the temperate zone.
The frigid zone is the area north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle, with polar night and polar day. The polar circle is the dividing line between the frigid and temperate zones. The temperate zone is in the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle and between the Tropic of Cancer and the Antarctic Circle, where there is no polar night and polar day during the year, and the ground receives less solar heat than in the tropics and more than in the frigid zone, and where climatic changes of the seasons are more pronounced.
7, the three elements of the map scale, legend and notes. The smaller the area drawn on the map, the more detailed the content to be expressed, the choice of scale should be the larger; and vice versa, the choice of scale is smaller. On a map, it is usually "up north and down south, left west and right east"
8, the calculation of ground height The vertical distance above sea level of a site on the ground is called elevation. A location above the vertical distance of another location is called the relative height.
9, contour lines to the same elevation of the points connected to a line, is the contour lines. Each contour line has a corresponding elevation value. Where the slope is steep, the contour lines are dense; where the slope is gentle, the contour lines are sparse.
10, the distribution of the world's land and sea on the earth's ocean area accounted for 71%, while the land area accounts for only 29%. Continents and its nearby islands together called continents. All located in the northern hemisphere are Europe, North America. Most
People are accustomed to the Ural Mountains, the Ural River and the Great Caucasus Mountains as the dividing line between the continents of Europe and Asia. Asia and Africa are divided by the Suez Canal. North America and South America are in the Western Hemisphere and are known as the Americas. The Panama Canal serves as the dividing line between North and South America. Antarctica lies mainly within the Antarctic Circle and is surrounded by oceans.
11, land terrain People divide the terrain into five basic types: mountains, plains, plateaus, basins and hills.
Mountains are higher, usually more than 500 meters above sea level, the ground peaks and peaks, steep slopes, some of the mountains in a strip distribution. One of the most prominent is a number of tall mountain ranges combined into a huge mountain system: one is the Alps across the south-central part of the continent of Asia and Europe - the Himalayan system; the other is the Cordilleras across North and South America, by the Rocky Mountains, the Andes and other mountain ranges.
The plains are at a lower elevation, generally below 200 meters, the ground is flat or less undulating, often used "endless" to describe the plains of the open. The largest plain in the world is the Amazonian plain in South America.
Europe and Africa's topography is relatively simple, respectively, to the plains and plateaus are dominant; Asia's topography is more complex, the terrain of the central high, surrounded by the low, high plateau, mountainous area, the plains are distributed in the continent around the region.
12, prompting changes in the terrain of the force produced by the Earth's internal role is known as the role of internal forces, such as crustal movements, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc., are the Earth's internal role in the form of manifestations. The world's volcanoes and earthquakes, mostly distributed in the crustal activity is more active in the region, mainly concentrated in the Pacific Rim coastal zone and the Mediterranean - Himalayan zone. Forces from outside the Earth are called external forcings, such as flowing water, wind, waves and glaciers.
13, weather and climate weather is the atmospheric conditions of a place for a short period of time, such as cloudy and sunny, wind and rain, hot and cold. It is changing all the time. Climate is the average condition of the weather in a place over many years, which generally does not change much.
14, changes in temperature throughout the day, the temperature is sometimes high, sometimes low. The highest land temperatures generally occur after noon (about 14:00); the lowest temperatures occur around sunrise. Throughout the year, most of the world's land-based monthly average maximum temperature, the northern hemisphere in July, the southern hemisphere in January. The average monthly minimum temperature occurs in January in the Northern Hemisphere and in July in the Southern Hemisphere. The difference between the average monthly maximum temperature and the average monthly minimum temperature of a place is called the annual difference in temperature of that place.
15, the distribution of world temperatures world temperatures from low latitudes to the poles gradually decline; the same latitude of the ocean and land temperatures are not the same. In summer, land temperatures are high and ocean temperatures are low. The opposite is true in winter. Temperature is also affected by the height of the terrain. In mountainous areas, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases. For roughly every 100 meters of elevation gain, the temperature decreases by about 0.6°C.
16, the world's precipitation distribution of the general law: the equator near the belt of precipitation; the poles less precipitation; South and North Tropic of Cancer on both sides of the west coast of the continent less precipitation, the east coast of the continent more; the mid-latitude coastal areas more precipitation, inland areas of precipitation less. ~ 400 near the west coast of the continent, rainy in winter, less rain in summer, such as Rome, Italy; perennially wet zone: in the south and north latitudes of 400 ~ ~ 600 on the west coast of the continent, year-round by the influence of westerly winds blowing from the ocean in the region, the months wet, moderate rainfall, such as London, England.
18, the world's major climate types and distribution
A, the main types of tropical climate
1, tropical rainforest climate is mainly distributed in the equator near the region, the year-round high temperature and rain.
2, the tropical grassland climate is mainly distributed in Africa and South America, the equatorial rainforest climate of the north and south. High temperatures throughout the year, there are obvious dry and rainy seasons.
3, tropical monsoon climate in southern and southeastern Asia, the Indian Peninsula and the Central and Southern Peninsula is the most significant. This climate is hot all year round, the year can also be divided into dry and rainy seasons, the wind direction changes with the seasons. In the dry season, winds blow from the land to the sea, drought and little rain; in the rainy season, winds blow from the sea to the land, precipitation is concentrated.
4, tropical desert climate mainly distributed in the north and south near the Tropic of Cancer on the west coast of the continent and inland areas, this climate precipitation is scarce, hot and dry all year round, the ground has a large area of desert.
Second, the main types of temperate climate
1, temperate and subtropical monsoon climate is distributed in the eastern part of Asia. Summer heat and rain, winter cold and dry. Roughly January average temperature 0 ℃ isotherm as the boundary, north of this line for the temperate monsoon climate, south of the subtropical monsoon climate.
2, the Mediterranean climate is mainly located in the west coast of the continent of the middle and low latitudes, the most distribution of the Mediterranean coast, hot and dry in summer, mild and rainy in winter.
3, temperate continental climate mainly distributed in the mid-latitude inland areas, cold winters and hot summers, large temperature changes, less precipitation, concentrated in summer.
4, temperate oceanic climate Located in the mid-latitude region on the west coast of the continent, to the west of Europe is the most widely distributed, mild and rainy, the annual change in temperature and precipitation is relatively small.
19, natural resources to human beings have the use of land, sunlight, water, minerals, forests, etc., are natural resources. According to the characteristics of their formation, can be divided into two categories: one is renewable resources; one is non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those that can be regenerated or recycled in a relatively short period of time; non-renewable resources are those that can not be reproduced after they are used up during the period of human history.
20, the type of land use The type of land use can be divided into arable land, forest land, grassland, building land and other types.
21, the distribution of land resources temperate humid plains of flat terrain, warm climate, suitable for the development of agriculture, is the world's main distribution of arable land. The cold and wet climate of the sub-boreal region and the hot and rainy tropical regions, retained a large area of coniferous forests and rain forests. Tropical and temperate semi-arid regions have vast areas of grassland, which is the main distribution area of the world's animal husbandry.
22, the distribution of water resources on earth the earth's water is mainly ocean water, land water and atmospheric water in three forms of existence. Land water and glacial water, groundwater, lake water, swamp water, river water and biological water and other forms of existence. There is a lot of total water on the earth, but more than 96% of it is ocean water. Among the freshwater resources, the most water is stored in glaciers, and the freshwater resources that people now utilize in large quantities are mainly river water, lake water (water from freshwater lakes) and part of the groundwater. To protect water resources, the main ways are: saving and rationalizing water use, reducing the waste of water resources; preventing and controlling water pollution; planting trees and preventing soil erosion; desalination of seawater, expanding the source of fresh water.
23, nature's chief dispatching office forests have the role of regulating atmospheric composition, purifying the air, storing water, increasing the humidity of the air, preventing the wind and protecting the field, maintaining soil and water, etc. Therefore, people call the forest "the forest". Therefore, people call the forest "nature's general regulator". The world's forest area of 4 billion hectares, mainly in coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests. The vast majority of global forest resources are distributed in the northern hemisphere.
24, iron, coal, oil distribution of the world's iron, coal, oil distribution is as follows:
1, the world's iron ore is mainly distributed in Russia, Massachusetts, the country, Australia, India, Canada and the United States. These seven countries have about 90% of the world's iron reserves.
2, coal is mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere in Asia and Europe and North America in the middle, in the world, coal reserves in the world's leading countries are China, the United States, Russia and other countries.
3, the distribution of oil resources in the world is very concentrated, the Middle East accounts for about half of the world's oil reserves more. It is mainly exported to Japan, Europe and North America.
25, the growth of the world's population population growth rate in the world in particular continents are different, Africa is the world's fastest-growing continent, followed by South America, Europe's population growth rate is the slowest. Europe is 2%; Asia is 15%; North America is 10%; South America is 17%; Oceania is 14%; Africa is 27%.
26, the migration of the world's population after the Second World War, the scale of population migration became smaller, population migration is mainly in three forms. The first is scientific and technological migration, that is, a large number of highly qualified personnel from developing countries to developed countries. The second is labor export. The basic direction of foreign labor mobility is from developing to developed countries, from poor countries to rich oil-exporting countries, and from densely populated homelands to sparsely populated countries. The third is international refugee migration.
27, the distribution of the world's population in eastern and southern Asia, Europe and eastern North America is the most densely populated, densely populated areas are mainly located in the middle and low latitudes near the sea plains. In the cold tundra belt, ice belt, the vast cold belt coniferous forest belt, the end of the development of the tropical rainforest belt, arid desert areas, as well as the high terrain of the plateau, mountainous areas, sparsely populated.
28, population migration to the city and the problems arising from the proportion of a country's urban population in the total population is often a measure of a country's level of development. More than 70% of the population of developed countries in the world is urban, while the urban population of developing countries accounts for only a little more than 30% of the population. The phenomenon of large-scale rural-urban migration now occurs mainly in developing countries.
29, the world's human races white people's skin color, eye color, hair color is generally lighter, hair is wavy, high nose, thin lips, more body hair, they are mainly distributed in Europe, North America and Oceania. Yellow people have yellowish or brownish-black skin, dark straight hair, flat faces, and medium body hair. They are mainly found in eastern Asia. Black people have dark skin color, curly hair, thicker lips and less body hair, they are mainly found in Africa, Oceania and within the United States.
30, the world's countries in the world there are more than 190 countries, the name of the country's size varies, the largest area of Russia has more than 17 million square kilometers. China has an area of about 9.6 million square kilometers in third place. The smallest is the Vatican.
31, national boundaries and territorial boundaries within the boundaries of the land, territorial sea, territorial waters and airspace, collectively referred to as territory. Argentina and Chile in South America are bounded by the Andes; the United States and Canada are bounded by the center of a lake in the east, with a section in the west bounded by a line of latitude and a section in the west bounded by a line of longitude.
32. Division of the World's Buried Regions *** Divided into 13 regions. The map is shown in Book I, P83.
33, East Asia Overview map is shown in P85. East Asia is located in the eastern part of Asia and the western side of the Pacific Ocean, including China, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Japan and other countries. Mongolia's animal husbandry occupies an important position. Japan is a modern industrially developed country. East Asia is the world's monsoon climate is one of the most significant region, winter prevails north wind, wind from the cold Siberia and Mongolia plateau blowing to the Pacific Ocean, wind strong, by its influence, most of the region's climate is cold and dry. In summer, southerly winds prevail, bringing abundant precipitation from the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and precipitation decreases from the coast inland, resulting in a hot climate. Within the monsoon climate zone in East Asia, it is divided into temperate monsoon and subtropical monsoon climate zones according to the different temperatures and precipitation. The former has an average January temperature below 0°C and a short rainy season; the latter has an average January temperature above 0°C and a long rainy season.
34, the population and economy of East Asia East Asia is the world's main distribution area of the yellow race, the vast majority of the inhabitants are yellow. East Asia is now one of the fastest growing and most dynamic economies in the world.
35, Japan's physical and geographic characteristics of Japan is an island country in East Asia, the territory of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, four large islands and a number of small islands, a relatively small area, densely populated. Japan's territory is mountainous, more than three-fourths of the country is mountainous and hilly, neighboring Tokyo Bay Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan. Kobe and Yokohama, on the Pacific coast of Honshu Island, are the nation's famous seaports. The Japanese archipelago is located on the Pacific Rim volcanic and seismic belt and has many volcanoes. Mount Fuji is one of the famous active volcanoes and the highest mountain in Japan. Japan's monsoon climate is characterized by oceanic conditions, with warmer winters and cooler summers and more abundant precipitation than in places of the same latitude on the Asian continent. Most of the country is covered by forests, and the rivers between the mountains are short and rapid, with abundant hydroelectric resources. However, mineral resources are poor. See Book I, P90 for a map.
36. Japan's EconomyJapan's largest trading partner is the United States, followed by Asia and Western Europe. Kobe and Yokohama Japan's two largest foreign trade ports. Japan's trade with China has grown considerably. Commodities imported from China include clothing, oil, coal, cotton, aquatic products and vegetables. Commodities exported to China include steel, electronics and other industrial products.
Japanese industry is mainly located in a narrow strip of land along the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea. The capital, Tokyo, is in the southern part of the Kanto Plain, on the northwestern shore of Tokyo Bay. The waters off Hokkaido, Japan, are a world-famous fishing ground. Japan often takes the first place in the world in terms of the amount of fish caught. The production of rice is now self-sufficient. But vegetables and fruits still need to be imported.
37, Southeast Asia map in Book I P94. Southeast Asia is located in southeastern Asia, including the Central and Southern Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago two large parts. The southern part of the Central South Peninsula is narrow and long, extending all the way to near the equator, called the Malay Peninsula. The countries of Southeast Asia, except for Laos, which is landlocked, are all sea-front or island countries. The largest of these is Indonesia. The territory consists of more than 13,000 islands, making it the largest archipelagic country in the world. It is also the most volcanically active country in the world. This is why it is known as the "Country of Volcanoes". The southern part of the Malay Peninsula and most of the Malay Archipelago are located near the equator and have a tropical rainforest climate. The Central and Southern Peninsula and the northern part of the Philippine Islands have a tropical monsoon climate.
38, the population and economy of Indonesia is the most populous country in Southeast Asia, more than half of the country's population is distributed in Java. Southeast Asia is the most concentrated distribution of Chinese and overseas Chinese, most of whose ancestors are residents of Guangdong and Fujian, China. Southeast Asia is the world's natural rubber, palm oil, coconut, banana hemp and other tropical cash crop products of the largest producers, the inhabitants of the countries to rice-based food. Minerals in Southeast Asia are most important in tin and oil. Singapore is known as the "Garden City".
39, South Asia map in Book I P108. South Asia is the birthplace of Buddhism and Hinduism. The northern part of South Asia has a long and high Himalayas. This part is called the "South Asian subcontinent". The central plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus and Ganges rivers, are the main agricultural and populated areas of South Asia. Most of the Indian Peninsula is occupied by the Deccan Plateau. Precipitation in South Asia is influenced by the monsoon, with the southwest monsoon prevailing from June to September each year, which is the rainy season, and the northwest monsoon prevailing from October to May of the following year, which is the dry season.
40, India India's arable land area is very wide, is the largest country in Asia. India's main food crops for rice and wheat, cash crops are cotton, tea, jute and so on. India's minerals are mainly coal, iron, manganese and so on. Mainly distributed in the northeast of the Deccan Plateau. The capital city of New Delhi. Kolkata is rich in jute and is the center of India's textile industry and an important seaport. It is one of the most populous cities in India. Bombay, on the western coast, is India's largest seaport and center of the cotton textile industry.
41, Central Asia Central Asia is located in the middle of Asia and Europe, deep in the Asian land. The terrain is dominated by hills and plains. The rivers in Central Asia are mostly endorheic. The west is bordered by the world's largest endorheic lake - the Caspian Sea. The central and southern pastures of Central Asia are the world's third largest cotton production base after China and the United States. Uzbekistan is known as the "Land of Platinum" because of the abundance of cotton. Livestock is mainly fine-wooled sheep and lambskinned sheep. At the same time, the mining, metallurgical and military industries are well developed.
42, West Asia and North Africa West Asia and North Africa is located in Asia, Europe and Africa, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean between the pivotal zone, the geographical position is very important. Dead Sea Lake elevation of -400 meters, is the lowest point of the world's land surface. Most of the area has a tropical desert climate. The world's highest recorded temperature occurs in Aziziyah, Libya, North Africa (57.8°C). Precipitation is generally scarce. Only the Mediterranean coast has a typical Mediterranean climate.
43. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. From the Atlantic coast in the west, east to the Red Sea seashore, from the Mediterranean coast in the north, south to the Sudan savannah, accounting for about 1/4 of the area of Africa. year-round high temperatures and low rainfall, sparse plants, the desert under the rich oil.
44, the Arabs and Islam in West Asia and North Africa is a multi-ethnic region, mainly white. Common Arabic, these countries are called "Arab countries". West Asia is the birthplace of Islam, Christianity and Judaism. The city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia is known as the Holy City of Islam. Jerusalem is regarded as a holy city by Islam, Christianity and Judaism.
45, the world's largest oil reservoir West Asia and North Africa are the regions that produce and export the most oil. West Asia, centered on the Persian Gulf, formed a huge oil belt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq is the main oil-producing countries in West Asia. Oil reserves accounted for about 1/2 of the world's total oil reserves, production accounted for about 1/4 of the total output. the oil produced, mainly exported to Western Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries and regions. Morocco a country's phosphate reserves accounted for 3/4 of the world.
46, animal husbandry and agriculture date palm is a representative plant of oasis agriculture.
47. Pakistan Located on the western side of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan is a transportation hub for Europe, Asia and Africa. Development of drip and sprinkler irrigation technology.
48, Egypt is located in northeastern Africa, Asia within the Sinai Peninsula, is also the territory of Egypt. More than 90% of the territory is desert, arable land, population and cities are mainly concentrated in the narrow plains along the Nile River and the estuarine delta area at the entrance to the sea. The Nile River is more than 6,600 kilometers long, is the world's longest river, originating in the eastern African plateau, from south to north, into the Mediterranean Sea. The capital, Cairo, is the most populous city in the Arab world. Alexandria is an important seaport of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea. The Suez Canal between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea to each other, and the voyage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean is shortened by 8,000-10,000 kilometers compared to the detour around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa. In the past, Egypt was an agriculture-based country, long-staple cotton has been Egypt's famous export commodities. In recent years, Egypt's oil, canals, remittances and tourism revenues have exceeded cotton and become Egypt's main economic pillar. Egypt's pyramids and other monuments are the main attractions of tourism.
49, sub-Saharan Africa is the home of the world's black people. The terrain of the entire African continent is dominated by the plateau, the East African Rift Valley Belt, from the Zambezi River in the south, the Red Sea in the north, has been extended to West Asia near the Dead Sea. Mount Kilimanjaro in the Dead Sea volcano, is the highest peak in Africa. The East African Rift Valley was formed when the earth's crust broke during movement. The largest island in Africa, Madagascar, has a sharp point protruding from the ocean called the Cape of Good Hope. The whole of Africa is known as the "Tropical Continent". The African savanna climate south of the Sahara Desert covers a wide area. Animals are mainly zebras, antelopes, giraffes, lions and leopards. Gold and diamond reserves and production account for the world's first. South Africa is the country that produces the most gold, Guinea is the country that produces the most bauxite, and Zambia is an important country that produces copper. Nigeria is an important oil exporter.
50, inhabitants and economy Before the Second World War, there were only three independent countries in Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia and Liberia. in 1990, the last colony, Namibia, also declared its independence. The entire economy was one based on primary products.
51, South AfricaSouth Africa is located in the southernmost tip of the African continent, the capital city of Pretoria. Cape Town near the Cape of Good Hope is the largest port in South Africa. Johannesburg is the center of gold mining and machinery manufacturing industry.
52, western Europe, western Europe north of the Arctic Ocean, south of the Mediterranean Sea, the coastline is very winding. The major peninsulas, Scandinavian Peninsula in the north, and three large peninsulas in the south, Iberia, Apennine and Malgam. The main islands are the British Isles and Iceland. The major inland seas are the Baltic Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, and the Black Sea in the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is located between Europe, Asia and Africa, and is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar in the west, and the North Sea is an important marginal sea.
The terrain of western Europe is dominated by plains and mountains, the plains are mainly east of the Rhine River in the plains of Bode, west of the West European plains. In the north there are the Scandinavian mountains that run through the Scandinavian Peninsula, and in the south there are mainly the Alps that run east to west. Scandinavia has numerous lakes. The western side of the peninsula has terrain formed by glacial action. Mont Blanc on the Italian-French border is the highest mountain in western Europe.
The climate is predominantly maritime, with mild, cooler winters and a more even seasonal distribution of precipitation throughout the year. Precipitation gradually decreases towards the east, and the annual temperature difference gradually increases from west to east. The vegetation along the Mediterranean coast is dominated by evergreen shrubs, which are drought-resistant. The Danube originates and flows through nine countries and empties into the Black Sea, making it the international river that flows through the most countries in Europe. The Rhine, which flows through the Ruhr industrial region of Germany, is also an important international river.
53. The inhabitants and economic residents of western Europe are predominantly white. Most of the densely populated areas are industrial zones. Its natural population growth rate is the lowest. It is an economically developed region of the world, with industrial and agricultural production accounting for about 1/3 of the world's. Its foreign trade is very developed, accounting for more than 1/2 of the world's total foreign trade, of which Germany is in the first place.
54, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom's full name is "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". The territory mainly consists of the island of Great Britain and the north-eastern part of the island of Northern Ireland. The island of Great Britain is divided into England, Scotland and Wales in three parts, of which England is the political and economic center of the country. It was the first country to industrialize. The tonnage of merchant shipping is still among the highest in the world. The United Kingdom mainly imports oil. The North Sea oilfields have contributed to the economy. The capital city of London, once called the "Fog City", is a tourist attraction, the British Museum, the Greenwich Observatory, and the cemetery where Karl Marx is buried.
55, France is the largest country in the western part of Europe. With the development of favorable conditions for agriculture, with the plains and hills of the terrain, mild and humid climate, fertile soil, are conducive to the development of agriculture. Southwest and the Mediterranean coast horticulture industry is developed, especially in the production of grapes, the wine produced by the world-famous. At present, France is the largest exporter of agricultural products in Europe. The capital city of Paris is a world-famous tourist destination, with the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe, the Pompidou Center, and Notre Dame de Paris as famous tourist attractions. At the same time, Paris is also a famous fashion and cosmetic center. French cooking is famous in the world.
56, Germany is the most neighboring countries in western Europe. In the north is the North German Plain, in the center are mountains, and in the south there are plateaus and grasslands. The development of German industry, mainly to establish the country's rich coal resources, convenient land and water transportation conditions, based on strong scientific and technological strength. The Ruhr area is an important industrial zone in Germany. Munich in the south of Germany is the center of Germany's astronautics, aircraft manufacturing and microelectronics, Germany is the strongest economic power in Europe. The Rhine is the most important river in Germany, and is the "golden waterway" of Germany. The Rhine is the most important river in Germany and is the "golden waterway" of the country. The volume of cargo flows is the highest in the world. The major cities with a population of more than one million are the capital Berlin, Hamburg and Munich.
57, eastern Europe and North Asia, eastern Europe refers to the east coast of the Baltic Sea in the west, east to the Ural Mountains, north to the Arctic Ocean, south to the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, the part of Europe between. North Asia is the part of northern Asia belonging to the territory of Russia to.
58, Russia's territory covers an area of more than 17 million square kilometers. It is the largest country in the world. The European part of the country concentrates 3/4 of the population. The capital city of Moscow is located in the center of the European part. The Volga River, which originates in the hilly areas of the western part of the East European Plain and empties into the Caspian Sea, is the longest river in Europe. Lake Baikal, located in Siberia, is the deepest lake in the world.
Russia's industry is located mainly in the European part of the country. The industrial zone centered on Moscow and the industrial zone centered on St. Petersburg. These two industrial zones are dominated by mechanical, chemical and many kinds of light industry. After World War II, industrial construction moved eastward, with the establishment of the Urals Industrial Zone in the Ubir Mountains, which is dominated by the iron and steel industry and the machinery industry, and the Novosibirsk Industrial Zone, which is dominated by heavy and military industry. Its agriculture is unstable. The capital, Moscow. St. Petersburg is the country's second largest city; Vladivostok is a major seaport on the Pacific coast.
59. North America are a number of predominantly English-speaking American countries. The high mountainous region in the west is the northern section of the American Cordillera, consisting of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern plateau, mountainous areas in Canada, the Labrador Plateau, the United States, the Appalachian Mountains. The Central Plains region has the Central Great Plains. Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world. The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world, formed by past glacial action. In addition to Lake Michigan, which is entirely within the United States, the remaining four lakes are owned by the United States and Canada***. Most of North America belongs to the northern temperate zone, temperate continental climate in North America accounted for the widest range. North America's climate in addition to latitude location, precipitation distribution and weather changes are also affected by the topography of the more significant. The original local inhabitants of North America were Indians and Inuit. They were yellow people. The Inuit lived along the Arctic Ocean.
60, the United States The United States flag contains 50 white five-pointed stars. There are 48 states, including Alaska in the northwest corner of North America and Hawaii near the Tropic of Cancer in the Pacific Ocean. The full name of the United States is "United States of America". With an area of more than 9.3 million square kilometers, the United States is the fourth largest country in the world. More than 80% of the population of the United States is white. People of color in the United States are mainly black, Chinese and overseas Chinese in San Francisco, New York area. In recent decades, there are many people from the northeast to the south of the western "sunshine zone" migration. The United States is the world's largest exporter of agricultural products. Another feature of U.S. agriculture is the specialization of regional production, U.S. agricultural production can be divided into suppressed cotton belt, corn belt, wheat belt, dairy livestock belt, livestock and irrigated agriculture and other major agricultural areas. The United States is the largest number of exported industrial and agricultural products, the largest value of the country, is the world's most imported small cars, steel, oil, textiles. The distribution of U.S. industry, can be divided into three major regions. Northeast region: New York is the largest industrial and commercial center and port on the Atlantic coast. Southern region: Houston is the southern petrochemical, aerospace and aviation research and development center. Western region: California is the most economically developed region in the west, San Francisco is the big port in the west, near the "Silicon Valley" is the emerging center of the electronics industry. Los Angeles is the most populous city and seaport in the West, mainly producing airplanes and precision machinery. Hollywood is the center of the U.S. film and television industry, and San Francisco and Los Angeles are also the most populous cities in the U.S. for Chinese.
61, Latin America Latin America refers to the countries and regions of the Americas south of the United States. In the north, it includes three geographic regions, the Mexican Plateau, the Central American Isthmus and the West Indies. To the south is South America. The largest of the southern islands is Tierra del Fuego, which is separated from the South American mainland by the Strait of Magellan. Between Mexico and the South American continent, there is the narrow Central American Isthmus, which has the title of "Bridge of the Americas". The Panama Canal is located in the narrowest part of the Central American Isthmus. The Andes are called the "backbone of South America" and are the longest mountain range in the world. The Amazon Plain is the largest plain in the world. The Brazilian Plain is the largest plateau in the world. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world in terms of volume and basin area. It is the second largest river in the world after the Nile. It is known as the "river and sea". Mexico's silver, Brazil's iron, Chile and Peru's copper, reserves and production are among the world's top. Peru near the sea, is one of the world's famous fishing grounds. Agenmautin exports of beef, accounting for the world's first. The South American continent also has some unique animals, such as mammals sloths, giant anteaters, capuchin monkeys, and toucans in birds.
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