1. What are the basic knowledge of the saxophone?
Basic introduction to the saxophone
The key of the instrument: bB (treble, tenor), bE (alto, tenor) Upper bass)
Applied clef: treble clef, transpose notation according to the instrument's original key
Practical range: two and a half octaves
Structure composition : Metal parabolic linear cone body, whistle head similar to a clarinet, Boehm system key system. Except for bB soprano saxophone and bE soprano saxophone, they are all bent into a pipe shape.
Material used: Copper (also aluminum)
Instrument features: Rich timbre, the treble range is between the clarinet and the French horn, the middle range is like the voice and cello, and the low range is like the tuba and double bass. .
Typical applications: widely used in modern popular light music, Ravel (French), there is a variation in "Bolero"
The invention of the saxophone
< p> In 1814, Adolphe Antoine Sax was born in Dinant, a small town in Belgium. His father was a well-known musical instrument manufacturer at the time. At the age of 15, Adolf Sachs was already an outstanding student at the Brussels Conservatoire and performed with the Brussels Symphony Orchestra. He already had considerable attainments in flute and clarinet, and it was precisely because he improved the clarinet that the clarinet became a standard member of the symphony. The Belgian government greatly encouraged this and awarded him the second prize at an exhibition. However, Adolf Sachs felt a little disappointed that he failed to win the first prize. Disappointed, he went to Paris to develop.In 1842, Adolf Saxophone invented the first saxophone, which was a saxophone in the key of E flat. The invention of this instrument left a deep impression on Adolf Sax's good friend Berlioz. Berlioz was one of the most influential musicians in Europe at that time. He praised the instrument invented by Adolf Saxo in various media, saying that this instrument had the most human characteristics. People named the instrument - "Saxophone" - after Adolf Sax. This is how an instrument with the most beautiful sound and the most distinctive shape was born. The Belgians have always been proud of this and even put the saxophone on their banknotes.
How to play the saxophone
This instrument is played with a single reed. The structure of the open and closed sound holes is similar to that of the oboe. The range is similar to that of the oboe. It should be a woodwind instrument, but the tube body is made of copper. It can also be a brass instrument. It has a thin upper part and a thick lower part with an upward opening, much like a bass clarinet. There are many kinds of saxophones, from bass to treble, and they are all pitch-shifting instruments. The saxophone has an exceptionally rich and charming timbre. It resembles a brass when played strongly and resembles a woodwind when played weakly. It is the best partner for wind instruments.
French composers such as Bizet, Saint-Sa?ns, and Verdi all used the saxophone in their works. The saxophone is an indispensable instrument in the trumpet band of the jazz band.
There are four types of saxophones commonly used today: B-flat soprano saxophone (Soprano saxophone). E flat alto saxophone (Alto saxophone). Tenor saxophone. E flat baritone saxophone.
The fingerings of several saxophones are exactly the same. They are all transposed instruments and notated with treble clef.
The French composer Berlioz once wrote: "The main characteristic of the saxophone is the beautiful change of timbre, deep and calm, full of emotion, soft and sad, like an echo within an echo, in a silent moment, No other instrument can produce such a wonderful sound."
The saxophone is also known as "the unparalleled romantic instrument."
The saxophone can not only play classical music well, but is also better at playing jazz music and light music. When people mention jazz, the first instrument that comes to mind is the saxophone. The biggest feature of jazz is improvisation, in which strong and weak beats are inverted and continuous syncopation is used to make the rhythm endlessly changing and the timbre dramatic. It is both intense and deep, funny and sad. .
In terms of timbre, the saxophone adapts to the needs of the greatest characteristics of jazz improvisation in terms of its characteristics of playing portamento, vibrato, spitting, and overblowing. Therefore, improvisation has also become a performance characteristic pursued by saxophone players.
Characteristics of the saxophone
The saxophone is made of metal and has a wide range of strengths and weaknesses. The intensity of the sound is comparable to other brass instruments and is unmatched by other woodwind instruments. It has the characteristics of woodwind instruments in sound quality, and has the brightness of metal.
In terms of performance, because its structure is designed based on the scientific principles of Boehm flute, its mechanical system is relatively reasonable and the parts can be used flexibly. Therefore, it can play difficult music just like the flute and clarinet. At the same time, compared with other woodwind instruments, it has its own unique features in playing portamento, vibrato, spitting, and overblowing
2. What knowledge should you learn first to learn the saxophone
First of all, you usually learn music theory. Because the saxophone is a melody instrument, you don’t need to study the music theory in depth. It’s basically enough to be able to read the staff and the decorative sounds in it. This process does not take long. Generally speaking, it is enough to study hard for an afternoon and then spend a few days to get familiar with it. Then start to get in touch with the saxophone (you can also learn music theory while learning the saxophone). At this time, you need to learn some special notations for the saxophone when reading music scores (most musical notations have a small number of special symbols), and then you can officially start learning the saxophone. Of course, you can learn everything at the same time, but in order, you want to be more systematic.
In addition, to be honest, learning most musical instruments such as the saxophone does not necessarily require learning music theory. A good performer may only be able to understand simple music scores, but the best performer must at least understand some music theory. In addition, knowing music theory can help you understand music works and increase your interest in learning piano, which is the icing on the cake. I personally strongly recommend learning.
3. Basic saxophone skills
Long tone, articulation (I forgot a little bit, just use your tongue to click the reed), triangle tone (turn on the metronome, 1 round and round) Say 3 notes with the same interval), then practice the scales, and push different scales according to the major and minor keys, and then practice like crazy until you can play it directly without awareness. It only takes about an hour. At the beginning, you can play 2 notes a day. An hour of basic practice, as mentioned above, and then an hour of practicing music, mainly to develop proficiency in musical notation, but not the most important thing. Then in about a month, after you are more familiar with the basics, you can start to perform the basics for 1 hour every day (turn on the metronome and gradually increase the speed) and play the music for 2 hours. At this time, you must work hard to read the music score. At this time, you must practice the music well. When you see the spectrum, you will react, use your fingers, and think in sync. Then in the first year, you can sign up for Level 7 of the Jiangsu Conservatory of Music (the orange one) (the first 6 levels are not necessary), which will take about 3-6 months. It is best during the summer vacation, every day at 3 hours in the morning and 3 hours in the afternoon. 3H, one month and then you can take the exam. It's not difficult. In the second year, I took Grade 10, in the third year I took Grade 7 in Nanjing Conservatory of Music, and in the fourth year I passed Grade 10. In this way, the two books are completed. In fact, it is very hard at the beginning, but it gets better later, and you will gradually love it. So, come on! ! ! ! I've been studying for 6 years, but I wasn't very good at it in my first year of high school. Now I just play around and practice in my daily life. You can also brag and go home every day, but it doesn't matter if you don't do it that well. Just have fun, or just to be satisfied, and after a long time, you will find out how powerful you are! ! !
Come on
4. Basics of learning saxophone
Learn some basic knowledge about saxophone
Whether playing long notes or etudes Whether it is music or music, there is a problem of ventilation. The so-called ventilation is to inhale during the music.
Pay attention to the following three issues when ventilating:
(1) Accurate-----ventilate quickly and accurately, leaving a short pause at the end of the phrase Time for rapid breath exchange, and under no circumstances should the duration of the first note of the next sentence be occupied.
(2) Appropriateness-----When breathing, you should inhale according to the length of the phrase and the changes in intensity. Do not inhale the same amount of air at any time, let alone inhale. To the extreme, breathing muscles will become tense.
(3) Reasonable -----When ventilating, you can often choose to change at the end of the phrase. If the phrase is long, you can choose to change at the harmonious position, big jump of interval, change of sound pattern, etc. However, you must not destroy the integrity of the phrase.
5. The relationship between breathing and other aspects
(1) The relationship between breathing and playing posture
Playing posture is not only an aesthetic issue, but also directly Affects breathing. When playing, don't bend over and hunch your back, and certainly don't hold your head high. This will prevent the chest from expanding well and the abdomen from fully inhaling. It will also cause tension in the throat, making breathing movements unable to occur independently.
(2) The relationship between breathing and mouth shape
No matter how well you master your breathing, but without the correct mouth shape, you will still not be able to pronounce correctly. Your lip muscles must be strong With appropriate tension, the exhaled airflow can be concentrated and powerful into the mouthpiece.
(3) The relationship between breathing and articulation
Good articulation is achieved by the tacit cooperation between third party muscle action and breathing. If the movement of the tip of the tongue is large, the pronunciation is too heavy and not dexterous, and the influence is not smooth, then the movement will be slow and the pronunciation will be unclear.
(4) The relationship between breathing and finger movement
When breathing, pay attention to the organic cooperation of the hands, tongue, and Qi.
(5) The relationship between breathing and pronunciation:
High pitch, low pitch, strong pitch, weak pitch, strong volume
Fast air flow, slow air flow, large air flow The small airflow gradually increases
During the exercise, you should carefully feel the feeling of the abdomen. When practicing inhalation, you can lie flat on the bed, put your hands on your waist, and feel the abdomen expand to all sides. When practicing breathing, you can light a candle and gently blow the candle so that it is tilted without swinging to practice even exhalation.
In addition, there is a circular breathing method, which is to take a breath while playing a long phrase without affecting the continuation of the pronunciation. The circular breathing method is most commonly used in the playing of suona, my country's national musical instrument. There are many suona players in China who have achieved considerable attainments in the use of circular breathing method, and those who can use this method in saxophone It can be said that there are fewer than two. If you want to practice loop playing, I personally think that the following five conditions must be met:
1. Learn to play the saxophone for more than four years (non-stop learning)
2. Correctly fixed mouth type.
3. Good breath support.
4. Smooth and long sound (more than 50 seconds).
5. Excellent musical instruments and mouthpieces with moderate airflow.
As we all know, each of us has a trachea, which can only inhale or exhale in one direction. If you want the saxophone to sound uninterrupted, you can only exhale uninterrupted. How can you exhale uninterrupted? Our mouth is used to store air instead of the lungs. The air storage capacity in our mouth is one-sixth of that of the lungs, which is enough for us to take a breath. When pronouncing, when you feel that one-fifth of the breath is left in your lungs, stop the air supply to your lungs and exhale the air stored in your mouth. While exhaling the air in the mouth, inhale the breath through the nostrils and replenish it along the trachea to the lungs.
Practice steps of circular breathing:
First, store the breath in the mouth, contract the muscles in the mouth to exhale the air from the mouth, practice slowly, and gradually extend the time for the air in the mouth to be exhaled. .
The second step is to inhale the breath into the lungs through the nose. I think this will not be difficult for everyone.
The next step is to achieve the above two points at the same time, which is quite difficult at this time.
Finally, the breath exhaled from the lungs must be well connected with the breath stored in the mouth.
5. "Basic Saxophone Tutorial"
Dangdang has a content introduction on the Internet: Nowadays, many people learn to play the saxophone, mainly because the sound of this instrument is beautiful and pleasant, and it is used in all Among the wind instruments, the saxophone is also the easiest to learn and the results are quick.
During the teaching process, I found that some students were eager to play music. This feeling is understandable. However, if you don't lay a good foundation, even if you can play some simple music, it will not sound good.
Some students start practicing with the grading exam textbooks, which is also wrong. It is inappropriate to directly use the grading exam textbooks without basic skills.
This textbook starts from the most basic method, starting from scratch, and gradually deepening it, laying a good foundation for playing more difficult music in the future, and making full preparations for learning the saxophone instrument well.
Therefore, the compilation of this textbook focuses on etudes, especially exercises for various difficulties that may be encountered in future learning. About the author: Book list: Preface 1. Basic knowledge of saxophone 1. Types of saxophone 2. The relationship between the key of saxophone and the key of keyboard instruments 3. How to buy a saxophone 4. How to buy a reed 5. Saxophone fingering table 6. Hold The posture of the instrument 7. Tuning method 8. Breathing method 9. Mouth shape 2. Basic saxophone exercises 1. Practice playing long notes 2. C major scale 3. Third degree exercises 4. Fourth degree exercises 5. Fifth degree exercises 6. Sixth exercise 7. Seventh exercise 8. Octave exercise 9. Mixed exercise of three different time notes 10. Legato exercise 11. Edelweiss 12. Etude 13. Dotted note exercise 14. Rest exercise 15. Elementary Etude 16. Various combinations of legato and pause exercises 3. 60 skill exercises 4. 7 pieces of music 1. Auld Lang Syne 2. Oh! Susanna 3. Rowing Song 4. Londonderry Minor 5. Swan 6. Happy People 7. Even if Your Youth and Beauty Fade 5. Special Skills Practice 1. Syncopated Rhythm Practice 2. Ring Finger and Little Finger Practice 6. Major Scale and Minor scale exercises 1.C major 2.a minor 3.F major 4.d minor 5.B major 6.g minor 7.E major 8.C major 9.A major 10.f minor 11 .D major 12.b minor 13.G major 14.e minor 15.D major 16.b minor 17.A major 18.f minor 19.E major 20.c minor... 7. Etude 36 eights, 24 nines, 7 duets, 4 triplet etudes, 411s, 40 legato and staccato etudes, 12s, 4 concert duets Netizen book review: No comments yet, are you interested? Read this book? Post a review to be the first to review this book Your nickname: * Please write your review Category.
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6. How to get started with the saxophone
Since you have never been exposed to music, it is difficult to learn the saxophone. But if you just want to play a simple song, it is not difficult to say it. Start with the simple ones. Let me introduce you to the instrumental knowledge of saxophone: The key of the instrument: bB (treble, tenor), bE (alto, alto) (if you want to learn, you can choose the alto one, the alto one is universal in music) Application Clef: treble clef, transpose notation according to the key of the instrument (that is, you don’t know the staff notation. It is very easy to learn the staff notation, but it is difficult to become proficient. Remember to read the score in the key of C. You have no music knowledge. , it should be that other keys cannot be understood) Practical range: two and a half octaves (you probably don’t understand this now) Structural composition: metal parabolic conical tube body, whistle head similar to a clarinet, Boehm system Key system. Except for the bB soprano saxophone and the bE soprano saxophone, they are all bent into a pipe shape. (They are divided into straight pipes and curved pipes, you choose the curved pipe) Material used: Copper (also aluminum) Instrument Features: Rich timbre, the treble range is between the clarinet and the horn, the midrange range is like the voice and cello, and the low range is like the tuba and double bass. Typical applications: Used extensively in modern popular light music, Ravel (French), There is a variation in "Bolero". Edit the method of playing this section (you should focus on learning). Wind instrument playing technique depends on the coordinated movements of lips, tongue, breathing and fingers.
Therefore, the use of tongue pronunciation is an important part of blowing technology. Many experts and scholars also say that vocalization is the "worst enemy" of wind players. Practice has also proved that due to problems in the use of vocalization, the work cannot be perfectly expressed.
Several issues regarding the use of tongue pronunciation: 1. Tongue and air speed: When using tongue pronunciation, a stable and aggressive high-pressure air speed should be formed to improve the pronunciation effect. On the contrary, if the air speed is unstable and the breathing is loose, unfocused, and uncontrolled, it is not correct chest and abdominal breathing, and the correct breath is not used to play, even if the tongue is used to make sounds, it will not work.
Therefore, students must practice breathing carefully and develop appropriate, accurate, stable and aggressive high-pressure air speed for each sound by practicing long sounds. 2. Tongue state, position, movement, and pronunciation principle of blowing during pronunciation: Tongue state during pronunciation—relaxed and natural, slightly raised; position—with the “tip” slightly upward and touching the reed; tip "The lower edge of the reed should be small and less in contact with the "two tips"; the movement - the tip of the front half of the tongue is slightly contracting, and the lower edge of the reed tip is slightly touched under the work, making the sound "Tu" or "Du" syllables
The state, position, and movement of the tongue must be carefully considered and practiced continuously so that the sound head can be relaxed, comfortable and natural during pronunciation, and the pronunciation effect can be achieved cleanly. The degree of clarity and purity. The pronunciation should be practiced slowly and gradually to the fast pronunciation. The principle of pronunciation of fire is that the breath should not be stopped during the pronunciation, and the air pressure should always be maintained around the tip of the note. When the tongue touches the lower edge of the reed tip, , so that the airflow cannot enter the flute through the air opening between the flute head and the reed. The tip of the tongue blocks the airflow, so that the reed cannot vibrate, and the pronunciation is terminated. 3. The main problems during pronunciation: First, the tip of the tongue drives the base of the tongue back and forth. Big movements not only delay the movement of the tone, but also move the neck, larynx, lips, and facial muscles. The overtone effect produces "diu ou" or "bad sorrow" (dai), and other mixed sounds, which are destructive. Music style, this is a very bad pronunciation.
Second, the tongue touches the reed too much, tightly, heavily, and violently, making the sound abnormal and destroying the musical effect. Third, in the continuous spitting, every time you blow a note, you stop breathing and inhale again. This unnecessary move causes the lips and neck to move, making the sound of the starting sound rough and unpleasant. Musical effect. The above pronunciation problems must be corrected according to the two problems mentioned above.
4. Five forms of pronunciation: First, single pronunciation method - using three syllables. : "Tu" (tu), "Du" (du), "La" (1a). "Tu" pronunciation is often used to play crisp and fast passages. This syllable can enhance the tone when pronouncing the note. The tongue movement is stable and simple, so this syllable is called the "basic tone", allowing the performer to produce various expression changes and distinctive musical effects.
The second double-passing method (also known as the compound spitting method) - the double spitting method uses two syllables: tu-ku" (tu-ku) or "tc-ka" (tc-ka). Double spitting requires the alternate use of two different attack and closing methods. Generally, the two methods of stopping the reed and cutting off the airflow in the pharynx are used alternately.
Third, the three spitting method - - Use the three syllables "tu-tu-ku" (tu-tu-ku) or "te-tc-ka" (te-tc-ka). This method of spitting can be played in the same way as the double spitting method. It produces extremely fast music, especially suitable for music hook structures in the form of triplets or the repetition of three different sounds.
Fourth, the breath breathing method - use "fu" (fu) or "du". The mouth shape of the syllable "fu" (du fu). This kind of articulation is a common articulation method used by the saxophone when playing light music.
When practicing, try to avoid missing the mouthpiece and upper teeth as much as possible. Before approaching the mouthpiece, relax the lower part of the flute as much as possible, so that it is tight up and loose down. The hey sound can directly produce the sound of "fu" (fu) with the breath, or the sound of "dufu" (dufu) can be produced with the sound. This kind of over-sound is often used for Slower lyrical music. Fifth, the playing method (also known as rolling) - the notation term Frullato, the playing method is "tululu..." (tululu...), which is played by vibrating the tongue quickly.
This kind of vocalization is rarely used in band performances and is used for special musical effects. 5. Single vocalization method (also called basic vocalization method) - the performer can make light sounds according to the changing characteristics of the music expression. , heavy, long and short, etc., but the pronunciation principle of the "tu" syllable remains unchanged.