History of Tianjin

The Qing Dynasty In the ninth year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1652), the three guards of Tianjin, Tianjin Left Guard and Tianjin Right Guard were merged to form the Tianjin Guard, and the establishment of civil affairs, salt transportation and taxation, military and other establishments. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Tianjin Wei was elevated to Tianjin Prefecture. In the ninth year of the Yongzheng period (1731), Tianjin Prefecture was raised to Tianjin Prefecture, with six counties and one state under its jurisdiction, namely, Tianjin County, Jinghai County, Qing County, Nampi County, Yanshan County, Qingyun County and Cangzhou. In the late Qing Dynasty, Tianjin, as the residence of the Governor of Zhili, also became the main base for Li Hongzhang and Yuan Shikai to organize foreign affairs and develop the power of Beiyang. In 1860, the British and French allied forces occupied Tianjin, Tianjin was forced to open, the powers have set up a lease in Tianjin. In July 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces attacked Tianjin and it fell. In 1901, the Tianjin Metropolitan Yamen, which was formed by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, ordered the demolition of the city walls. Republic of China, Beiyang ***, *** regimes (1912-1937) In the early years of the Republic of China, Tianjin played an important role in the political arena, as hundreds of out-of-field bureaucrats and politicians, as well as the remnants of the Qing Dynasty, took refuge in the Tianjin Concession and plotted for restoration. Among them were the President of the Republic of China, Li Yuanhong, and Puyi, the former emperor of the Qing Dynasty. In March 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), the Beiyang *** was established. In April 1913, Tianjin Prefecture was abolished and only Tianjin County was retained. Beiyang *** In 1917, China declared war with Germany and Austria and recovered the German and Austrian Concessions. Nanjing National *** In June 1928, the National Revolutionary Army occupied Tianjin, and the Nanjing National *** established the "Tianjin Special City". In June 1930, Tianjin Special Municipality was transformed into Tianjin City under the jurisdiction of the Nanjing National ***** Administrative Yuan. In November, as the capital of Hebei Province was moved from Beiping to Tianjin, the municipality of Tianjin was changed to a provincial municipality. In June 1935, the capital of Hebei Province was moved to Baoding, and Tianjin was again changed to a municipality. Occupation by Japanese invading forces (1937-1945) During the occupation of Tianjin by Japanese invading forces, the people suffered a lot. Japan basically ruled Tianjin by force. The Japanese soldiers burned, looted and plundered Tianjin, and the flooding of Tianjin at that time made it a veritable hell on earth. As many as 50,000 "laborers" were taken away. Because of the large number of concessions opened in Tianjin during the Qing Dynasty, Tianjin was relatively safe during the early period of occupation by the Japanese invading forces. However, after the outbreak of the Pacific War and the forced occupation of other countries' concessions by the Japanese, there was no more peace in Tianjin. 1937, the 26th year of the Republic of China, the first year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin July 07: The Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and Japan began its formal invasion of China. July 12: Japan occupied the railway stations in Tianjin. July 23: Chen Pingzhou, the general director of the Chinese National Liberation Pioneers, sends someone to set up the team headquarters of the National Pioneers in Tianjin. July 29: *** 38th Division was defeated and Tianjin fell. The British, French and Italian concessions become isolated islands. Note: The fall of this time, unlike the traditional sense of the city's destruction of the enemy forces into the city, this time there were Japanese troops in Tianjin, just did not start the war. July 30: Dagu, small station fell. August 01: Japan established the Tianjin local security maintenance committee, appointed Gao Lingwei as chairman of the committee. December 17: Japan established the Tianjin Special Municipal Office and appointed Gao Lingwei as the Governor of Hebei Province and the Mayor of Tianjin Special Municipality. 1938, the 27th year of the Republic of China, the second year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin On January 17, Pan Yugui became the Mayor of Tianjin Special City. On March 15, several Tianjin merchants were arrested for refusing to use Japanese banknotes. On May 06, the newspaper office of the Younger Newspaper was bombed by patriots for the third time. Aug. 08, at 10 p.m., the prisoners of Tianjin Prison No. 3 escaped and rioted. 246 people escaped and more than 30 of them were recaptured. September 11: *** In cooperation with the Central Intelligence Bureau, assassinated Kawashima Yoshiko. Kawashima Yoshiko was slightly wounded. 1939, the twenty-eighth year of the Republic of China, the third year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin January 22: 3,000 Japanese soldiers in Dagu mutinied against the war and were killed. March 01: More than 1,000 Japanese soldiers at Li Yaohua mutinied against Japanese rule. Apr 18: The Tianjin Railway Bureau opens more temporary trains in order to transport Chinese workers to Manchukuo. By this date, 800,000 Chinese workers have been transported. April 28: Wen Shizhen succeeds as Mayor of Tianjin. May 16: Tianjin City Committee was established in Wang Lanzhuang, a small station. Secretary: Gu Lei, Officer: Yang Sizhong. July: Tianjin was flooded. 78% of the city was flooded, tens of thousands of people were affected, houses collapsed, prices skyrocketed, plague was prevalent, corpses floated around, and the people had no way to live. At that time *** "dogs and swine eat human food and do not know thrift, the way there are starving corpses and do not know the hair; people die, then the day 'not I also, the age of' ...... " (" Mencius ") November 20, the day of the Shanggong Dai Yarn Factory workers composed of twenty-six friends, waiting for an opportunity to sabotage the production of the whole number was killed. See: The Case of the Twenty-Six Friends. December 20 Police Department announced: the city's population was 1,468,246 people. 1940, R.O.C. 29, the fourth year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin The flooding of Tianjin in 1939 led to food shortages and a plague. Two grain trains at the North Railway Station were robbed by starving people, and the Japanese military police opened fire. April 25: Mayor Wen Shizhen launches a campaign to offer copper and iron in the city. June 07: Wang Kemin, Chairman of the North China Political Affairs Committee, tenders his resignation to Wang Jingwei ***. July 01: The Tianjin branch of the Japanese Xingzhong Company signs a contract with Lufeng Salt Shop to ship 100,000 tons of Lufeng salt to Japan. July 12: Since the beginning of summer, plague prevails. The Japanese Defense Command orders a blockade of the city and forbids people to enter or leave. Those who were sick were burned down along with their houses. The City Office designated Tanggu and Dagu as cholera infected areas. September: Wang Jingwei *** appointed Wang Jitang to succeed him as Chairman of the North China Political Affairs Committee. In 1941, the 30th year of the Republic of China and the 5th year of the Japanese Occupation of Tianjin, the Municipal Government implemented the Public Security Reinforcement Campaign. January 11: The municipal government decides to designate the 11th day of every month as *** Day. July 07: Okamura Ningji was transferred to the post of Commander of the Japanese North China Army. November 28: The German Third Reich established the Consulate General in Tianjin. Weidmann became Consul General. December 08: The Japanese army raided the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. Outbreak of the Pacific War. Japanese troops entered and occupied the British Concession. December 25: Mayor Wen Shizhen, in order to support the friendly jihad, establishes the following organizations to force people to make donations: Tianjin Special City Jihad Offering Movement General Association Women's Offering Association Inter-trade Association Offering Branch In 1942, R.O.C. 31, the sixth year of the Japanese Occupation of Tianjin, the authorities continue to carry out the campaign to strengthen law and order. January 27: Mayor Wen Shizhen orders that all copperware in the offices of the Municipal Office be "dedicated and handed over to the public". June 20: Japan takes over the French Concession in Tianjin. July 20: Tianjin Youth Anti-Japanese Rescue Association was founded. September 01: With immediate effect, beef and mutton oil from North China was distributed by the Japanese army. October 26: Tanggu stevedores deliberately caused an accident and delayed the sailing. November 01: The police announced that the city's population was 1,458,665, excluding the population on lease. November 02: Tanggu loaders and unloaders deliberately caused an accident in which four wagons overturned. December 25: The Central Government dispatches cadres of the Jinchaji Pingjin Working Committee into Tianjin to carry out work. 1943, 32nd year of the Republic of China, 7th year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin White rice and rice are listed as forbidden goods. The people suffer. January 09: Wang Jingwei *** officially declares war on Britain and the United States. Mar 19: Wang Xugao succeeds as mayor and Wang Daoyuan as secretary-general. April 17: the authorities counted, the city * * * there are: beggars 8832 people: male 3216, female 3647, children 1969. 2971 unemployed vagrants. In the first half of April, 239 people died on the streets. May 07: food prices rose sharply. October 17: The North China Political Committee dismissed Wang Xugao from the post of mayor and dispatched the director of the Finance Bureau of the Tianjin Special Municipal Office to take charge of the mayor's post as well. November 15: The North China Political Commission changed the Tianjin Special Municipal Office into the Tianjin Special Municipality ***. Zhang Renli was appointed as the Mayor of Tianjin Special City. 1944, the 33rd year of the Republic of China, the 8th year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin January 16: Fuel rationing in the city. Jan 17: Wang Kemin, Chairman of the North China Political Commission, resigns and Wang Yintai replaces him. June 09: The Fourth North China Urban Joyful Sports Competition was held with the participation of Chinese and Japanese athletes from Beiping, Tianjin, Baoding, Qingdao, Jinan, Kaifeng and Taiyuan. June 30: Laborers rioted in Tanggu Labor Camp, 114 escaped and 7 died. August 15: The police station recruited 200 laborers for the Japanese Unit 1820. November 10: Wang Jingwei died of illness in Japan. Nov. 17: The city *** set up a public memorial committee to hold a three-month public memorial for Wang Jingwei. 1945, 34th year of the Republic of China, 9th year of the Japanese occupation of Tianjin. January 01: The Jinchaji Urban Engineering Department establishes a work site at Guozhuangzi in Hedong, Tianjin. May 03: Japan selected 10 comfort women. August 14: The Emperor of Japan announced the Edict of Armistice. Japan unconditionally surrenders. The Republic of China *** recovers Tianjin and the major concession areas. September 29: The Nationalist Government of Chongqing *** appoints Zhang Yanrong as the Mayor of Tianjin. Du Jianshi was appointed Deputy Mayor and also the Commander of the Beining Railroad Line District in the 11th War Zone. October 08: At 9:00 a.m., a signing ceremony for the surrender of Japanese troops in Tianjin was held in the square in front of the U.S. Army Command in Tianjin. *** He Guo (1949-present) On January 15, 1949, after fierce fighting, *** Lin Biao's troops captured Tianjin. On February 11, 1958, Tianjin was transformed into a provincial municipality of Hebei Province and became the capital of Hebei Province. On January 2, 1967, Tianjin was restored as a municipality directly under the central government until now. In 1984, Tianjin was listed as one of the 14 coastal open cities.

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