Lisbon (Portuguese: Li *** oa, English: Li *** on), is the capital of Portugal *** and the country. Located in the west of the country, north of the city for the Sintra Mountains, south of the city near the Tagus River, less than 12 kilometers away from the Atlantic Ocean, is the westernmost city of the European continent, one of the famous metropolis in Southern Europe. Lisbon is an industrial and international city, and today it is the political, economic, cultural and educational center of Portugal, as well as a famous tourist city in Europe, receiving more than 1 million visitors per year.
The Port of Lisbon is an international seaport. There are beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coast to the west of Lisbon.
Basic Information Chinese Name: Lisbon Foreign Name: Portuguese Li *** oa; English Li *** on Administrative Region: Capital of Portugal Area: 84.8 square kilometers Population: 564,477 Dialect: Portuguese Climate: Mediterranean Climate Notable Sites: St. George's Castle, Nautical Monument, Belém Tower, Jerónimos Monastery, etc. Airport : Lisbon Portela International Airport History,Geography,Location,Climate,Population,Economy,Industry,Stock Exchange,City Development,Transportation,Metro,Railway,Airline,Ferry,Culture,Famous Institutions of Higher Education,Cultural Public*** Facilities,City Festivals,Places of Interest,Sister Cities,City Honors,The Great Earthquake of 1755, History Lisbon was settled by human beings in the prehistoric times. In 1147, the first King of Portugal, Alfonso I, captured the city and in 1245, Lisbon became the capital and trade center of the Kingdom of Portugal. The city was founded by the Phoenicians in B.C. It became the capital of Portugal in the 13th century. In 1755, two-thirds of the city was destroyed by a massive earthquake, and the new city was rebuilt in a lattice-like layout. The city is increasingly expanding, the prosperity of the Atlantic coast of Western Europe and the Mediterranean region and the hub of trade between East and West. It was strategically located as a Portuguese military base by sea and air, and had international military installations. The area of Lisbon has been inhabited by Iberians since the Neolithic period. From 205 B.C. onwards, it was under the rule of the Romans, and Caesar, the ruler at that time, elevated the area to the status of a city and named it "Felicitas Julia" (meaning "Congratulations to Caesar"). However, from the 5th century onwards, the city was occupied by barbarians, and in the 8th century it was captured by the Moors, who, in addition to building many mosques in the city, also built many houses and new walls, and under their rule, the city grew rapidly, and at that time, it was inhabited by people of different religions, such as Christians, Muslims and Jews. The Moors ruled Lisbon until 1147, when they were defeated by the Crusaders led by Alfonso I. In 1256, Lisbon became the capital of Portugal, and since then it has developed into an important trading city in Europe and around the Mediterranean. In the age of geographical discovery, many navigators such as Vasco da Gama set out from Lisbon to explore different parts of the world, so that in the 16th century can be considered the most glorious period of Lisbon, a large amount of gold from the Portuguese colony of Brazil at that time shipped to Lisbon, so that Lisbon has become a rich and powerful commercial center in Europe. (See: The Portuguese Colonial Empire) Lisbon In 1755, Lisbon was hit by a [[Lisbon Earthquake]], which caused a serious decline of the city and its port, and from then on, Portugal's national power began to go downhill. Later in the 19th century, when Napoleon invaded Lisbon, the royal family fled to Brazil and the city suffered some damage. During the Second World War, Lisbon was one of the few Atlantic port cities to open up. In 1983, the Tower of Belém and the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos became a World Heritage Site. In 1998, Lisbon hosted the World Expo with the theme "The Sea, Asset for the Future", in keeping with the character of Lisbon as a maritime city. The fair was held for 132 days and was visited by 10 million people. Geography Location Lisbon (Portuguese: Li *** oa) is the capital of the southern European country of Portugal, situated at the mouth of the Tejo River in the Iberian Peninsula (38°42'N, 9°5'W), bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the west, making it a typical maritime city, and the most westerly capital of continental Europe. In the 16th century, during the era of the great voyages, Lisbon was one of the most prosperous ports in Europe at that time. Located at the westernmost point of the European continent, Lisbon covers an area of 84.8 square kilometers and has a population of 565,000 people. Unlike major cities, the real "City of Lisbon" is confined to its historic district, while the surrounding area has developed into other cities. In fact, these cities are also part of Greater Lisbon. To the west of the city is one of the largest parks in Europe, the Monsanto Forest Park, which covers an area of 10 square kilometers. Climate Lisbon is bounded to the north by Mount Sintra. Portugal's largest river, the Tejo, flows through the southern part of the city and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Influenced by the warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon has a favorable climate, with no freezing in winter and no heat in summer. The average temperature in January and February is 8℃, and the average temperature in July and August is 26℃. Most of the year is windy, warm and pleasant. Lisbon has one of the milder climates in Europe. Overall, Lisbon has an average of 3,300 hours of sunshine and 100 days of rain a year. During springtime there is plenty of sunshine, with only a few periods of rain, and temperatures range from about 10°C to 27°C. Summer is mostly sunny, dry and hot, with temperatures ranging from around 16°C to 36°C. Autumn is mild, with temperatures ranging from about 8°C to 23°C. Winters are rainy and slightly cold, with temperatures ranging from about 0°C to 18°C, and usually about 10°C. Snowfall is also rare, with a light snowfall on January 28 and January 29, 2006, due to an Arctic cold front affecting Europe, but there were no records of snowfall for forty years prior to that date. In addition, Lisbon's climate is strongly influenced by the Gulf Stream. Population The city of Lisbon has a population of approximately 564,477 with a population density of 6,658 inhabitants/k㎡, while the Greater Lisbon area alone has a population of 2,800,000[3]. The Greater Lisbon region is one of the fastest growing regions in Europe, with the population increasing to 4.5 million by 2050, according to United Nations estimates. In addition, Lisbon is the most livable city in all of Portugal, according to the Portuguese newspaper Expresso for standard of living. Economy The Lisbon region is the richest region in Portugal, with a GDP per capita well above the EU average GDP per capita, and the region accounts for 45% of Portugal's GDP. Lisbon's economy is mainly supported by the service sector. There are also many large companies headquartered in the Greater Lisbon area, and the southern bank of the River Tejo is also quite industrialized. Industry Lisbon is an industrially developed city. The south bank of the Tejo has become an important industrial center in Portugal. The main industries are shipbuilding, cement, steel, plastics, cork, textiles, paper and food processing. Lisbon's shipbuilding industry is world-famous, can manufacture 30-70 million tons of various tankers. It also has the largest dry dock in Europe, which can overhaul large tankers of 1 million tons. The annual ship repair volume accounts for 1/9 of the world's total. Stock Exchange Lisbon's stock exchange is a member of the Euronext Stock Exchange, an organization formed by the merger of the various exchanges in Amsterdam (Netherlands), Paris (France), Brussels (Belgium) and Lisbon (Portugal), and is headquartered in Paris. Urbanism Lisbon is well landscaped, with 250 parks and gardens and 1,400 hectares of lawns and green spaces. The roads are lined with pine, palm, linden, lemon, olive and fig trees. The city is a large, charming and fragrant garden, where grass grows and flowers bloom all year round. The city is situated on seven hills, and the view of the city is beautiful, with red-tiled houses in different shades and green trees in different shades. Lisbon Transportation Lisbon is the country's transportation hub and the largest port in Portugal. The port area extends for 14 kilometers and 60% of the country's imports and exports are loaded and unloaded here. Transportation in Lisbon is mainly by car and MRT. The Metro, which opened in 1959, has 20 stations and carries 132 million passengers a year. There are also cable cars and lifts that run up and down the city's hills. The Metropolitano de Li *** oa (MRT) currently has four routes. Fares are based on the zone system and are equalized for routes within the Lisbon metropolitan area; from 2010 to the present, they are €0.85 for a one-way trip on municipal trams. Public ****cars, etc. (carris) Municipal trams currently have 5 systems. （There are five systems (No. 12, No. 15, No. 18, No. 25, and No. 28) that run to major sightseeing spots. There are also three cable cars and various buses. In addition, the famous S?o José elevator runs between Pombal's lower town and Lisbon's upper town. Cute and romantic yellow trams Railways (Portuguese Railways, Fertagus) There is the Santa Catarina Tram to Coimbra and Bordeaux. Railroads (Portuguese Railroads, Fertagus) The railroads (Fertagus) include the stations of Santa Apollonia towards Coimbra and Bordeaux, Cache de Sodre towards Cascais, and Rossio towards Sintra. There is also the Ollantay Station, a terminal built for the opening of the Lisbon World Expo in 1998. By Air Portela Airport: Arrival is by shuttle bus or taxi. The airport is close to the city and a taxi from the city center costs about 10 euros. Ferry There are numerous ferry lines that run on both sides of the Tejo River. Culture Famous Institutes of Higher Learning Famous Institutes of Higher Learning: ISCTE-IUL translated as: Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e e Lisboa (ISCTE - Li *** on University Institute ( ISCTE -IUL), (Portuguese): Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e Lisboa (ISCTE -IUL). Faculties (schools), the main development of the disciplines are: building science, applying technology science, health industry and medical management, applying business, hospitality and tourism, and other directions, which in: health industry and medical management Science is globally renowned, ISCTE Lisbon University of Business and Management with the United States, France, Germany, Poland, and many other institutions of higher learning around the world to establish cutting-edge scientific and technological cooperation programs, and with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (United States) ISCTE Lisbon University of Business Administration has established cutting-edge technology cooperation programs with many universities in the United States, France, Germany, Poland, and other countries around the world, as well as a global entrepreneurship research center with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the U.S.A., which is becoming more and more influential globally. ISCTE University College of Lisbon ISCTE University College of Lisbon CULTURAL PUBLICITY*** FACILITIES The National Library of Lisbon, built in 1796, has the largest collection of books in the country. There are many museums in Lisbon. The Carriage Museum houses a collection of royal carriages from the 16th to mid-19th centuries, such as four-wheeled carriages, imperial chariots, sedan chair carriages, and two-wheeled mopeds, etc. The Calma Church, founded in the 14th century, has been opened as an archaeological museum. The Museum of Folklore and Art, which exhibits modern and ancient decorative and folk art, among others. The Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon is the largest cultural center in Portugal and one of the largest in Europe. It aims to promote education, culture, art, science and philanthropy, and with a fund of more than 400 million dollars, it is one of the largest foundations in the world. The foundation is located in the Guben River Park, the foundation's main office is connected to the museum with a 60-meter-long, 17-meter-wide gallery for art exhibits and a hall with 1,300 seats. The hall has excellent acoustics for performing symphonies, ballets, plays, and movies, and it can also hold conferences, with simultaneous interpretation equipment for six languages installed at each seat. There are rehearsal rooms and several small and medium-sized conference rooms adjacent to the hall. The museum displays more than 3,000 kinds of Eastern and Western cultural relics. Next to the museum is a library with 100,000 books. The Gulbenkian Foundation plays an important role in promoting the development of culture and education in Portugal and in strengthening international cultural exchanges. ISCTE University College of Lisbon - Chinese Students City Festival The City Festival, held annually in Lisbon, is a traditional national festival of the Portuguese people. On the evening of the City Festival, the city is illuminated with lights. On this day, a grand parade is held in all districts, in which people dressed in colorful traditional national costumes hold paper lanterns with pictures of famous buildings and interesting scenes of citizens' lives. Sports related Athletic Lisbon Football Club Places of interest There are many towers and monuments in Lisbon. The Tower of Belém, located on the Atlantic coast, was built at the beginning of the 16th century and offers a beautiful view when the tide is high, as if it were floating on the water. The Monastery of Jerónimos, in front of the tower, is a typical example of Manueline architecture, popular in the early 16th century, with its grandeur and ornate carvings. Within the grounds are the cemeteries of nationally recognized figures, where the Portuguese navigator da Gama and the famous poet Camoanz rest. Nearby monument to navigation, beautifully shaped, magnificent, as if sailing in the blue sea in the giant sailboat. The reliefs on the monument reproduce the heroic feats of the Portuguese navigators who traveled around the world and fought against the wind and waves. Square on the concrete, craftsmen made a huge world map, clearly marked out the Portuguese navigator sailed around the world years, places and routes, so that visitors to the Portuguese maritime history at a glance. Henry Monument is a stone galleon (Henry in the 15th century made a significant contribution to the Portuguese maritime industry), Henry statue stands in the bow of the ship, surrounded by statues of captains, geographers, mathematicians, carpenters and other figures to assist Henry. The Square of Pombal was created to commemorate the great contribution of the Marquis of Pombal to the reconstruction of Lisbon, and in the center of the square stands the statue of the Marquis of Pombal. Lisbon Cathedral The weather is pleasantly warm and sunny most of the year. The Salazar Bridge over the river is the longest suspension bridge in Europe at 3,018 meters long with a central span of 1,013 meters. Lisbon extends along the Tejo River, the city limits are small and very walkable, with Avenida da Liberdade and Rossiu Square as the city center. The main monuments are concentrated in the Alfama district. The suburb of Belem is a bit far from Lisbon, but it does have a considerable number of museums and monuments, and is a must-see on any trip to Lisbon. The glory of the Portuguese empire is still here, and the well-maintained museums and monuments are a reminder of the prosperity and opulence of the empire. Lisbon's tourism industry has played an important role in the capital's development into a modern city. The beautiful Atlantic coastline to the west of Lisbon is Portugal's most famous tourist area, attracting more than one million travelers from all over the world every year. Lisbon has become the largest tourist city in Portugal. Lisbon Beach The Portuguese say that anyone who has not seen Lisbon has not seen the city. The best street in this beautiful city is located at the mouth of the Tagus River (Rio Tijo), which flows into the Atlantic Ocean and creates an inland sea called the "Sea of Haggis", one of the most magnificent natural harbors in the world, famous for being the place where the great navigators set sail. As the sun sets over the hills of the north coast, Lisbon proudly displays its palaces, churches and old streets spanning seven hills. Although the streets are slowly fading, they still recall the golden age of the city. The first people to moor in these waters were the Phoenicians in 1200 B.C., who called the mooring place, which later became known as Li *** oa or Li *** on, the "Port of Peace". The city was first developed by the Romans and Visigoths, and later by the Moors, who occupied the city. The green flag of the Prophet flew over the fortifications of St. George's Castle in Lisbon for 400 years, and in 1147 Lisbon was captured by the Christian Crusaders under Alfonso I. The war was not won easily. The victory was hard won, and the decisive event was the sacrifice of Martín Monéz, who, in order to allow the Christian army to attack the enemy's main camp, plunged himself into the gates of the Castle of S?o Giorgio, where he was pinched alive, allowing the Christian army to break through the doors and enter the city. The treasures of the city began to overflow from then on. There were ships from Lisbon that traveled to Africa to trade, as well as buying and selling by land. In the late fifteenth century, when Vasco da Gama discovered new routes to India and Pedro álvares Gabra colonized Brazil, the Portuguese capital became one of the richest cities in Europe and Portugal became a world power. The emblematic symbol of this golden age is the splendidly decorated Tower of Belém on the River Taigas. Gold, silver, precious stones, silks, spices, exotic plants and animals such as live rhinoceroses were brought back by sea and unloaded near this watchtower. When Manuel I reviewed the procession on special occasions, he was always accompanied by six elephants and a tame leopard. Thanks to all of God's gifts, King Manuel had the magnificent Jeronimos Monastery, an excellent example of Manueline architecture - a combination of Gothic, Moorish and Indian architecture. *** It took 60 years to build this gray and white sandstone, triple-vaulted church. The monastery is one of the few important buildings to have survived major disasters in Lisbon. An earthquake, three tsunamis and successive fires on Halloween 1755 destroyed the entire city. Thirty thousand people were crushed by collapsing walls, drowned by waves, or burned in the flames. 15,000 houses, 300 palaces and 110 churches were destroyed. Lisbon owes its perfect proportions to the modern outlook of the Marquis of Pembal, who was responsible for the city's reconstruction. Pembal set a 35,000 m2 commercial square next to a royal palace on the banks of the Taigas River, which today is one of Lisbon's brightest jewels. The Arc de Triomphe is on its north side, leading to the new Baeza or Lower Town district with its symmetrical marina, where a fire destroyed 18 buildings in 1988. Lisbon The area bordering the Rossio and Baeza districts, today Lisbon's most vibrant square, was the site where an alleged heretic was burned alive in 1820. Not far away is the magnificent Avenida da Liberdade, where pedestrians can cool off under the oaks and zoysia trees or rest at shaded roadside cafes. While exhausted tourists flip through guidebooks to plan the rest of their day, many Lisbonians are enjoying a siesta, ignoring the blaring horns of their cars. There's quite a bit to see in this city of 850,000 inhabitants. You can climb the steep stairs to St. George's Castle, check out one of the 42 museums, or try the cable car that connects lower Lisbon to the upper city. Or you can watch the world go by with an espresso at the old "Poets' Society" coffee house, or eat some lobster in Rebadoro, and then perhaps head to the "Auspicious Lookout" for a glass of wine while listening to the sweet and melancholic "Fado". Then perhaps head to the "Auspicious Observatory" for a glass of wine while listening to the sweet and melancholic "fado", or as Lisbonians call it, "homesickness". Sister Cities * Qingdao, China (2010) * Beijing, China (2007) * Macao, China * Athens, Greece * Bissau, Guinea * Buenos Aires, Argentina * Budapest, Hungary (1992) * Jersey City, New Jersey, United States of America * Luanda, Angola * Madrid, Spain (1979) * Malacca, Malaysia (1984) * Maputo, Canada * Montreal, Canada * Mazanbeque, Italy (1984) * Mazanbeque, Italy (1984) * Mazanbeque, Italy (1984) * Mazanbeque, Italy (1984) Maputo * Montreal, Canada * Cypress Nicosia * Paris, France * Cape Verde*** and country Peyia * Rabat, Morocco * Brasilia, Brazil * Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1980) * S?o Paulo, Brazil * S?o Tomé and Príncipe S?o Tomé * Zagreb, Croatia (1977) CITY HONORS The ranking of the World's Cities was released in November 2018, placing Lisbon in the world's first-tier cities ranks. Great Earthquake of 1755 The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 occurred on November 1, 1755 at 9:40 am. It was one of the most destructive and deadly earthquakes in the history of mankind, with a death toll of about 60,000 to 100,000 people (830,000 dead and injured in the Ming Jiajing Guanzhong Earthquake). The fires and tsunamis that ensued after the earthquake burned almost all of Lisbon to the ground, and caused a severe decline in Portugal's national power, and the colonial empire declined from that point on. Geologists estimate the magnitude of the earthquake to be 9 on the Richter scale, with the epicenter located in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 kilometers west-southwest of Cape S?o Vicente. Its effects were scientifically studied on a large scale for the first time, marking the birth of modern seismology. The event was also widely discussed by philosophers of the Enlightenment, inspiring the development of deism and the philosophy of the sublime.