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Reverse-tie poetry is also called reversal poetry, iambic pentameter, steeply turning poetry, elegant and vulgar poetry. The most important characteristic of the reverse elegiac poem is that the author intentionally writes in extremely common phrases at the beginning of it． To create a bland, even a feeling of great disappointment, but to the poem, especially the end, but with the unexpected pen and reversal of the situation into a strange bee, introducing the reader to a new realm of poetry.
Reverse-pull method is a kind of contrasting humor grammar, generally used for writing poems. It is only rarely mentioned in books and magazines in general. The "reverse pull" refers to several sentences, the latter sentence against the previous sentence within the style characteristics and pull to the opposite side, so that the style of the sentence before and after the great difference in interest. Although it can be pulled from the strange and elegant to the plain and common, in practice it is almost exclusively pulled from the plain and common to the strange and elegant. To make a poem, you need to have wonderful lines, but if all the lines are stable and old-fashioned, then it is not wonderful. There is a kind of reverse poems, the first is not like a poem, in the plain after but iterative good lines, the rotten into the miraculous, nowadays people are surprised, admire. One of the more famous poems is the one written by Ji Yun in the Qing Dynasty: "I climbed up to the tallest building, and the twelve railings hit the bullfighting bulls. Ji Yun is not willing to leave his name, fear of pressure on the twelve states of the eight Fujian?".
Reverse poems can be divided into five subcategories: padded, skillfully complementary, wave, doubt, and depression. First, the so-called cushioning style (leaf searching for flowers), refers to the intentional use of figures as a cushion, so that the first half of the poem appears to be easy to understand, as plain as water, and finally, but with the aphorisms for the end of the poem, so that the whole poem in the flat out of the strange, to give readers the feeling of a bright spot, the taste of "the mountains and the water is no way out of the darkness of the flowers of the village" of the art of the wonderful. For example: chicken call (a) Song Zhao Kuangyin [1]? The chicken called one pout a pout, the chicken called two pout two pout.Three voices call out the sun of Fusang, sweeping away the broken stars and the dawn moon. This poem says that the first two lines are dull and tasteless, making people drowsy, reversing the two lines after which the atmosphere suddenly becomes clear and vigorous. Chicken call (two) Ming Zhu Yuanzhang a call a hook, two calls two hooks.
Three called the sunrise sky red, dispersing the remnants of the stars moon hazy. The rain is pouring down to offer birthday to Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty (or Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty), but the rain is pouring down today.
The pouring rain wishes Mr. Li a long life, and his life is more than the pouring rain. Li Tiaoyuan (or Xu Wenchang) of the Qing Dynasty wrote: "One nest, two nests, three or four nests, five nests, six nests, seven or eight nests,
Eating all of the emperor's thousands of kinds of corn, the phoenix is less than what is more. The famous poet and official Xue Daoheng of the Sui Dynasty went on a mission to the Chen Dynasty in the south, and was not allowed to return for a long time, so he composed a poem on the Human Day (the seventh day of the first month of the lunar calendar), saying, "It is only seven days since I entered the spring, and I have been away from home for two years." The Chen people laughed and said, "What kind of words are these? Who says the Yankees can write poetry?" And when he wrote the last two lines, "After the people return to the geese, the thoughts are sent before the flowers," the Chen people could not help but marvel, "What a name!" [2]? Tang Bohu, a genius from Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty, was quite good at writing "reverse elegiac poems", and his "Tour to Huqiu Mountain" is one of the masterpieces of this kind of poems: "Up and up, up and up, up and up to the high mountains. The red sun and white clouds rise above my head, and I can see the four seas and the five lakes all at once." The first two lines of the poem are about climbing up the mountain, picking up the steps, the language is shallow and vulgar, the last two lines of the brush, write about what you see when you climb up the mountain, look down on heaven and earth, so that the realm of the poem suddenly broadened, the momentum of the grand, which can be called the eye of the divine pen. [3]? It is rumored that Zheng Banqiao, a talented scholar of the Qing Dynasty, composed the poem "Singing of Snow", which includes one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight pieces;
Thousands of pieces, thousands of pieces, and countless pieces, all of which fly into the plum blossoms, but are never seen.
Ji Yun does not want to leave his name, fear of pressure on the twelve states of Fujian. Willow Tree Qing Ji Xiaolan east of a willow tree, south of a willow tree.
A willow tree in the west and a willow tree in the north.
How can you tie up the pedestrians with ten million willow threads? It is said that in ancient times, a group of candidates held a farewell banquet at Ba Pavilion in Chang'an. One of the students chanted in a loud voice: "The east side of the willow tree, the south side of the willow tree,
The west side of the willow tree, the north side of the willow tree. ...... The crowd was flabbergasted, what kind of poem is this? The crowd laughed and the student chanted in a slow voice:
I would like to borrow ten million pieces of willow threads to tie up the hearts of the people who live in Ba Pavilion, so as not to go away. The wind and the rain, the fire and the ice, the wind and the rain in the east, the wind and the rain in the west, the wind and the rain in the west.
There is a storm in the south and a storm in the north.
Ren'er wind and rain in ten million places, can spit out all the pain on the fence? The loquat is an anonymous tree on the roadside, with two big branches.
Before the fruit of gold, first bloom white jade flowers. The first one is a goose, and the second one is an anonymous goose.
White feathers divide the green water, red palms tread on the clear waves.
[Note]The last two lines of the above two poems are said to be continued by Ouyang Xiu of Song Dynasty. Collected lines against the elegiac poem anonymous one, two, three, four, five, six, seven (Luo Yin), yesterday night this night and tomorrow (Bai Juyi).
The river low moon falls at five o'clock (Chu Guang Gan), Wu song and Chu dance happy not yet finished (Li Bai). The famous poet of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhishan, one of the "Four Talents of Wuzhong", made the poem "Trees! Tree! Tree! Tree!
That spring, Zhu Zhishan and Tang Bohu traveled around Hangzhou scenic spots, and even the Hangzhou governor was surprised. The governor has long admired Zhu's great name, would like to be attached to the elegance, they asked someone to invite Zhu Zhishan for its collection of an ancient painting inscription poem. Zhu Zhishan look at the ancient painting: the ancient ferry, the difference of the willow, to be sent to the uncoiling of the merchant ship, there is a sad maiden send off the guests ...... a picture of parting sorrows to send off the picture. Zhu Zhishan know that the painting is the guards trickery, decided to "let him a handful of blood", so said the pen fee of two hundred taels of silver. The governor heard, heartbroken! Do not want to fund, but very much want to get Zhu's treasure to show off to colleagues, will return the price of one hundred taels of silver. Zhu Zhishan smiled and did not say anything, waving the brush vinegar smooth, splashing ink, wrote four lines of poetry: "east a tree, south a tree, west a tree, north a tree." Then threw down the wolf hair. The governor was very angry, thinking: what kind of bullshit poem is this? You are a famous poet and scholar in vain! Seeing that the governor was about to get angry, Tang Bohu, who had exchanged glances with Zhu Zhishan, smiled and came forward: "Don't be angry, governor. Zhu Zhishan's poem is only half of the title, but the governor's pen fee is also only half of it?" The governor had no choice but to offer two hundred taels of silver. He knew in his heart that spoiling the famous painting would be even more costly! Zhu Zhishan and Tong Pak Fu smiled at each other, and penciled the remaining verses again, "Tree! Tree! Tree! Tree! I can't tie up Lang's boat." The governor read it and said it was marvelous. This title poem repeatedly laid out four times "a tree", but also one in a row to render the four "tree", the poem like a willow willow threads of the thousands of feelings of separation has been bundled full of full, simply call out. A sentence "can not tie Lang boat live", more open the gate of the heart, sublimation of poetic meaning. A young girl can hardly let go of her lover, but had to share the sorrow, really a expressive! Also tasted the title of the painting of pine clouds: grind all - ingots two ingots of ink, painted a large withered tree;
Night deep old crane suddenly flew to, step branch not empty return. Legend has it that Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, after getting a picture of "Hundred Geese", invited the ministers of the Han Yuan to write poems on this picture. The ministers of the Han Yuan were afraid that the poem would not be in line with the wishes of the Emperor, so they did not dare to write it. And Ji Xiaolan did not look askance, continued to write: "eat all the royal thousand bells, Phoenix, how fewer and how much" Emperor Qianlong read, clapping his hands and shouting, and just sneered at Ji Xiaolan's ministers bit, all red in the face, no place to hide. Or according to legend, someone in the Ming Dynasty asked the poet Lun Wenxiu for his collection of Su Dongpo painted the "hundred crows return to the nest picture" with a poem, Lun Wenxiu in the examination of this picture for a long time, wrote: Born a one and a one, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.
The phoenix is a small bird, but it pecks away at ten million stones on earth. The first time I've ever seen a phoenix, I've seen it in my life," he said. After seeing the poem, Qianlong said: "My girl will also make such a poem." So he asked Ziwei to show her skills. Ziwei then chanted: "You also write a poem to send old iron, I also write a poem to send old iron. When they heard this, they laughed and said, "Can this be called a poem?" Ziwei then continued, "The red polygonum in the south and the north of the river is the blood in the eyes of the departed. The last two lines of the poem, through simile, rendered the feelings of parting to the highest level, and the crowd was full of praise. Feng Menglong of the Ming Dynasty wrote in Gujin Jiao (A Joke of the Ancient and Modern Times): "In Qiantang, a number of men in clothes traveled to Hupeng Spring and wrote poems between drinks, rhyming with the word "spring". One of them, however, said 'spring, spring, spring', and could not get it right for a long time. Suddenly an old man dragged his staff and arrived, asked the reason, answered: 'spring, spring, spring, bursting pearls round. Jade axe cut open stubborn stone marrow, golden hooks out of the old dragon's saliva.' The crowd was shocked and asked: 'public is not Guan acid zhai?' He said: 'Yes, yes, yes.' So invited to drink with, all drunk and go." (this in jiangxi "ji'an county record" as dongpo thing). Second, skillfully complementary style wonderful complementary poetry, skillfully complementary poetry, one of the reverse poems. As if to continue the word association. That is, the conditions of the proposition to write a poem or make a link, the background changes again and again, so that writing poets or the title of the United States are unable to cope with, which is to test the poem or the title of the United States of the person's response to the scene of the Jie talent. The first to write against the common sense of things phenomena, give people the impression of logical error, such as rumored as Jin Dongxin verse "willow wadding to fly piece of red" or "read microcottage notes" novel black goose is "vermilion sand for the top of the snow for the farm". Said the red plum is "jade pavilion clear and quiet", said the white cockscomb flower is "the crown is originally rouge dyed" and so on, are contrary to reason. However, the following lines are just for this kind of paradoxical sayings to fill in the logical environment or reason, the previous unreasonable in the ad hoc environment into a reasonable, thus showing the poet adaptive, good at rounding out the ingenious thinking. For example, the setting of "the setting sun shines on the peach blossom dock" for "the red willow flakes" is not only reasonable, but also beautiful. Cinnabar for the top of the snow for the clothes" of the black goose to add "mistakenly fell into the Xizhi wash ink stone pool", for the "crown is originally rouge dyed" white flowers to add "only for five more greedy The reason for this is that the poem "Poem of Bachelor Xie" says that Xie Xie's head is still covered with frost. The "Poetry of Bachelor" said Xie Jin in the face of Ming Taizu preferred to find the flaws in the interpretation of all sorts of difficulties, every sentence of the wonderful complement, and even more show a great deal of adaptability of the ingenuity. (i.e. to solve the poem this He Sheng male: "my king last night descended the golden dragon", Taizu difficult cloud: "is the princess". The solution to make up the cloud: "into a Chang'e under the nine heavens", and then changed the male to female. Taizu and difficult cloud: "the sky folded", the solution to make up the cloud "material is the earth can not stay". The father of another difficult problem: "thrown in the Jinshui River", the solution and make up the cloud "turned over and jumped into the Crystal Palace"). Although it is a novelist's words, but the folk audience is very happy to appreciate this kind of thinking of the carvings. Chanting Black Crane Qianlong Emperor Jiangnan, dusk, see the sky flying a white crane, immediately to accompany the literati poems. One called Feng Chengxiu chanted: look into the sky a crane flying, cinnabar for the neck snow for clothes. Emperor Qianlong shook his head after hearing this: "I want to recite a black crane, not a white crane." The crowd heard jaw-dropping, only to see Feng Chengxiu do not panic, and then chanted: because of the late return of food, mistakenly fall into the Xizhi wash ink pool. The poem of the white crane has become a poem of the black crane, complementing the sky without meeting, leaving no traces. Ming Dynasty scholar Xie Jin, quick thinking, intelligent. One day, Cao Shangshu invited Xie Jin to recite poems, and asked him to make a poem on the spot. Xie Jin without thinking casually chanted: "the crown is rouge dyed," the first line just came out, Cao Shangshu suddenly took out the white cockscomb flower from his sleeve and said: "not red, it is white." Xie Jin did not panic interface recited: "Why light makeup today? Only because of the five night greed for the dawn, so far wearing a head full of frost." Cao Shangshu heard, can not help but nodded his head and said yes. This matter is found in the Ming Dynasty, Lang Ying, "Seven Hsiu Class Drafts": another (Xian) Min's poem on the cockleshell flower: "The cockleshell is originally dyed in rouge." He said, "I want it to be white." He said, "Wash off the rouge and make it look like snow. Just because of the five o'clock dawn, I am still wearing a head of frost." Saving poetry queen gave birth to a child, Yongle Emperor asked Xie Jin to recite a poem. Xie Jin off the cuff recited "the emperor last night descended the golden dragon", just to continue the sentence, Yongle Emperor said: "the birth is a girl." Xie Jin continued: "Incarnated as Chang'e under the nine heavens." Yongle Emperor interrupted again: "It is a pity that it died young." Jie Jin randomly continued: "I expect that the earth can not stay." Yongle Emperor sighed and said: "Early thrown into the pond." Jie Jin continued even better: "turned over and jumped into the crystal palace." This poem is taken with the trend of the reverse of the poem is overwhelming for a while. I was summoned by someone to write a poem about plum blossoms. He then wrote, 'The jade pavilion is clear and beautiful'. The man said, 'I want red plums.' He said, 'I want red plums. He said, 'I want red plums,' and then he said, 'I want some colors on the branches. The shepherd boy's eyes were dim as he slept, and he mistook the peach forest for the cattle. (For this, see Lang Ying's "Seven Hsiu Class Drafts" of the Ming Dynasty.) According to legend, when Jin Nong lived in Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty, he once hosted a banquet at the Pingshan Hall, and chanted poems with the characters of "Fei" and "Red" as a drinking order. A merchant with very shallow skills wrote a poem that didn't make sense: "Willow wadding is white, how did it become red." Willow wadding is white, how did it become red? Jin Nong immediately for its cover up the ugly, before adding three lines into a poem: "twenty-four bridge twenty-four winds, the fence is still remembering the old Jiangdong. The setting sun is shining on the peach blossom dock, the willow wadding flies to the piece of red." According to legend, the modern singer Ma Rufei was quick-witted and adaptable. One day, when he was playing and singing "Pearl Tower", he was not paying attention and sang "the maiden moved out of the room" as "the maiden moved out of the window". The audience was in an uproar. Ma Rufei realized that he had mispronounced the lyrics, and then added a line: "Go to the balcony to cool your clothes." So "back from the dead", the audience immediately applauded. Singing, and accidentally sang "six long windows open four" mistakenly sung "six long windows open eight", which is worse, generally speaking, is "incorrigible". However, Mr. Ma was not alarmed, he had a bright idea and sang: "There are still two windows that have not been installed." The audience applauded, a round of applause. Third, the wave style is said to be the Ming Dynasty celebrity Xie Jin to an old lady birthday celebration, poetry to congratulate, the first line is "this bitch is not a person", the old lady almost died, the guests were shocked. In the tense atmosphere, Xie Jin followed by the second sentence: "Nine heavenly fairies down to the mortal world." The old lady turned angry to happy, the whole hall is full of laughter. But do not wait for everyone to finish laughing, the third line of Xie Jin and out of "children and grandchildren are thieves", the atmosphere just eased over the tension again. At this point, Xie Jin did not slow to come to the fourth sentence: "stolen peaches to serve the relatives."
This woman is not a human being, nine heavenly fairies down to the mortal world;
Born sons are thieves, steal the peaches to dedicate to their loved ones. On one occasion, the emperor feasted on his ministers and ordered Xie Jin to recite a poem on the theme of "Son of Heaven". Jie Jin did not think, casually chanted: today's Son of Heaven is not a person, the emperor wanted to be angry, Jinyi continued: is the star of the purple microstar in the sky. The emperor turned anger into joy. Who knows that the third sentence is actually in and out of the intention of the science of chanting only wishing the little minister ten thousand years old, the emperor was furious, you dare to call yourself long live, put me in what place? Ordered to launch the beheading. Jiny defense said: "long live rest assuaged anger, I poem is not finished, there are the following: loyal to assist the master palm peace. Qunchen begging for mercy, although temporarily exempted, and later ended up with "no one courtesy crime" in prison! When he was killed, he was only forty-six years old. The Ming dynasty master of floating white "elegant banter" in the "thief thief" cloud: "Shouchun Taoist, a small image to beg to solve the Bachelor (xie jin) inscription, the solution of the book 'thief thief thief,' the Taoist was stunned. Continued: "Shadow invisible can not be taken. Only because of stealing but Lu Xiantan, but now as Penglai guest." Fourth, to solve the doubt. First of all, they intend to set up doubts and then explain the doubts, the formation of a novel mood. Similar to the skillful complementary style, skillful complementary style is someone else intentionally set up obstacles, to solve the doubt is their own intentionally set up obstacles. For example, Jin Nong, one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou", once recited the poem "Willow Wadding Flying in Pieces of Red" at a banquet. The host and guests were shocked because the verse was absurd and contrary to common sense. But just as the crowd was wondering, Jin Nong continued the next line without moving: "The setting sun shines on the peach blossom dock." The crowd could not help but shout in unison - reflecting the setting sun of the willow is not with a red haze? Fifth, Yang depression type above are first suppressed after Yang, the limerick there is a first Yang after depression, written in front of a very elegant, poetic, suddenly vulgar, resulting in a humorous effect. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Kaixian's "A Laughing Scatter" recorded two other poems by Zhang Taolu, one of which is about snow, which reads: "Six floats descend into the nine heavens, and all the streets are full of qiongyao. One day when the sky is clear, those who make brooms will make brooms, and those who make spades will make spades!" Another poem about An Lushan's soldiers trapped in Nanyang County says: "Millions of thieves are trapped in Nanyang, with no help and no food. One day when the city is broken, those who cry for their fathers will cry for their fathers, and those who cry for their mothers will cry for their mothers!" These two poems are characterized by the phrase "half of a poem". Take the first poem as an example, you see, the first two lines are still very serious, one by one, "six out" ah, "nine skies", "Qiongyao" ah, how elegant, poetic ah, three or four lines, however, suddenly took a 180 degree turn. Suddenly came a 180-degree turn, from elegant into "common", it is this "sharp turn", created a "oil flavor", it is puzzling. This kind of limerick is called "reversal poem" in later times. On a snowy day, in the hall of the county government office, the gentry were drinking and enjoying the snow, and the poet came to his senses and chanted, "The snow is dancing," and the magistrate said, "It's all the Emperor's good luck," and the gentleman said, "It won't be bad if it falls for three years," and a servant was bringing a servant's dinner and a servant's dinner. "A servant is serving food in, can not help but pick up a sentence:" put his grandmother's donkey fart." I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm going to be able to do it.
Pushing the window to the river while the moon, the original fisherman urinated in the river.