Fire escape
In a fire, trapped people should have good psychological quality, keep calm, don't panic, don't act blindly, and choose the correct escape method. It must be noted that the temperature at the fire scene is amazing, and the smoke will block your view. When we see the fire scene in movies and TV, everything is very clear, which was taken outside the smoke on the fire scene. When we are at the fire scene, the visibility is very low, and even in the room where you live for a long time, we can't figure out the positions of windows and doors. In this case, it is even more necessary to keep calm and not panic.
If you are trapped in a fire, you should use all available conditions around you to escape. You can use fire elevators and indoor stairs to escape. Ordinary elevators must not be used, because ordinary elevators are easy to cut off power and have no smoke prevention effect, and there is a great possibility of being stuck in the air when a fire occurs. At the same time, you can also use water pipes on the external walls of buildings to escape.
after a fire, there will be smoke. When you encounter smoke, stop immediately. Never try to get out of the fireworks and crawl in a low position in the smoke. Due to the rising of hot air, a lot of smoke will float on the upper floor, so there should be air below 3 cm from the ground in the fire, so try to crawl in a low position in the smoke and keep your head close to the ground as much as possible.
If people escape from the smoke, if they are not properly protected, they will easily inhale the smoke into the human body, leading to fainting or suffocation, and at the same time, their eyes will be hard to open due to the stimulation of the smoke. At this time, transparent plastic bags can be used, regardless of size. Large plastic bags can cover the whole head and provide enough air for escape.
If there is no large plastic bag, small plastic bags can also cover the nose and mouth, but they can also cover the air needed for escape. When using plastic bags, you must fully open them, but never blow them open with your mouth, because the gas blown in is carbon dioxide.
If you hear the alarm at night, you should first touch the door with the back of your hand and try to see if the door has become hot. If it is hot, the door cannot be opened, otherwise smoke and fire will rush into the bedroom. If the door is not hot, the fire may not be strong, and it is possible to escape from the room through normal channels. Be sure to close the door behind you after leaving the room to prevent the fire from spreading.
Extended information:
Escape methods
Everyone is praying for safety. But the weather is unpredictable, and people are doomed. Once the fire came, surrounded by smoke, poisonous gas and flames, many people died in the sea of fire, and some people survived. "There are only desperate people, and there is no desperate situation." In the face of billowing smoke and raging flames, as long as you use the knowledge of self-help and escape in the fire calmly and tactfully, it is very possible to save yourself. Therefore, if you master more tips to save yourself in a fire, you may be able to get a second life in trouble.
1. be familiar with the environment and memorize the exit.
when you are in a strange environment, for your own safety, be sure to pay attention to the evacuation routes, safety exits and the location of stairs, so that you can escape from the scene as soon as possible at a critical time. Please remember: when it is safe, you must be prepared for danger in times of peace and reserve a passage for yourself.
2. The exit of the passage is unobstructed.
Stairs, passages, exits, etc. are the most important escape routes in case of fire. They should be kept clear, and sundries must not be piled up or locked, so that they can pass safely and quickly in case of emergency. Please remember: if you cut yourself off, you will die.
3. Put out small fires and benefit others.
in case of fire, if it is found that the fire is not big and has not caused great threat to people, when there are enough fire-fighting equipment around, such as fire extinguishers and fire hydrants, we should try our best to control and put out the small fire; Don't yell and run around in panic, leaving a small fire unattended and causing great disaster. Please remember: race against time to put out the "initial fire"
4. Keep calm, identify the direction and evacuate quickly.
In case of sudden fire, in the face of smoke and fire, you should first force yourself to keep calm, quickly judge the dangerous place and safe place, decide the way to escape, and leave the dangerous place as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow people, crowd each other and rush about. When evacuating, you should pay attention to run to the bright place or the open place outside, and try to run below the floor. If the passage has been blocked by fireworks, you should leave with your back to the direction of fireworks and escape outdoors through balconies, transoms, rooftops, etc. Please remember: only when people are calm can they come up with a good solution.
5. don't venture into dangerous places, don't be greedy for property.
If you are in danger, you should evacuate as soon as possible. Don't waste your escape time looking for and moving away valuables because you are shy or care about valuables. Those who have fled the danger must not return to the danger zone and be trapped. Please remember: if you stay in the green hills, you are not afraid of running out of firewood.
6. Simple protection, crawling with nose covered.
When you escape through a route full of smoke, you should prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation. In order to prevent smoke from choking in the fire, towels and masks can be used to cover the nose and crawl away. Smoke is lighter than air and floats in the upper part. Evacuation close to the ground is the best way to avoid smoke inhalation and filter out toxic gas. Wear protective equipment such as gas mask, helmet, flame-retardant and heat-insulating clothing when crossing the fireworks blockade area. If these protective equipment are not available, you can pour cold water on your head and body or wrap your head and body with wet towel, wet quilt and wet blanket before rushing out. Please remember: it is better to have more protective tools in hand than to be unarmed.
7. Make good use of the passage and don't enter the elevator.
buildings designed and built according to codes and standards will have more than two escape stairs, passages or safety exits. In case of fire, you should choose to enter the relatively safe stairway according to the situation. In addition to using stairs, you can also use the balcony, window sill and roof of the building to climb to the surrounding safe places and slide down the stairs along the protrusions in the building structures such as downpipes and lightning wires to escape from danger.
In high-rise buildings, the power supply system of the elevator will be cut off at any time in case of fire, or people will be trapped in the elevator due to the deformation of the elevator due to heat. At the same time, because the elevator shaft runs through all floors like a chimney, the poisonous smoke directly threatens the lives of trapped people. Please remember: it is extremely dangerous to take the elevator when you escape.
8. Escape by descending slowly and save yourself by sliding rope.
High-rise and multi-storey public buildings are generally equipped with high-altitude descent control devices or lifelines, through which people can safely leave dangerous floors. Without these special facilities, and the safe passage has been blocked, and rescuers can't arrive in time, you can quickly use ropes or sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. around you to make a simple life-saving rope, and wet it with water and slowly slide from the windowsill or balcony along the rope to the lower floor or ground; Escape safely. Please remember: be bold and cautious, and the lifeline is at hand.
9. Shelter, stick to waiting for help.
If you feel hot by touching the door, once you open the door; Flames and smoke are bound to come face to face. The escape route was cut off and there was no rescue for a short time. At this time, we can take measures to create shelters and stick to those who are waiting for assistance. First of all, you should close the doors and windows facing the fire, open the doors and windows facing the fire, plug the door with a wet towel and a wet cloth or cover the doors and windows with a quilt soaked with water, and then keep drenching the room with water to prevent fireworks from infiltrating and stick to the room until rescuers arrive. Please remember: why are strong shields afraid of sharp spears?
1. Slow down and throw lightly, and ask for help.
people trapped by fireworks who can't escape temporarily should try to stay in balconies, windows and other places where people can easily find them and avoid fireworks. During the day, you can shake bright clothes out of the window or throw light dazzling things outside; At night, you can keep flashing or knocking things in the window with a flashlight, and send out an effective distress signal in time to attract the attention of rescuers. Please remember: only by fully exposing yourself can we strive to save ourselves effectively.
11. The fire has reached your body, so don't run away.
if people in the fire find themselves on fire, they must not run away or beat with their hands. When the clothes on your body are on fire, you should try to take off your clothes or roll on the spot to suppress the flames; It is more effective to jump into the water in time or let people water and spray fire extinguishing agents on their bodies. Please remember: rolling on the spot is embarrassing, but the fire can be avoided.
12. Jumping off a building is skillful, although it harms survival.
Jumping to escape is also an escape method, but it should be noted that only when firefighters prepare life-saving air cushions and direct jumping, or when the floor is not high (usually below 4 floors), they will be burned to death. You should also talk about skills when jumping off a building. When jumping off a building, you should try to jump to the middle of the life-saving air cushion or choose a pool, soft awning, grass and other directions.
If possible, try to hold some soft objects such as quilts and sofa cushions or open a big umbrella and jump down to slow down the impact. If you jump off a building with your bare hands, you must scrape the windowsill or balcony to make your body droop and jump down naturally, so as to minimize the vertical distance. Before landing, you should hold your head tightly with your hands and bend your body into a ball to reduce the injury. Please remember: jumping off a building is not suicide, the key is to have a way.
13. Help yourself when you are in danger.
Anyone who finds a fire should call "119" for help as soon as possible and report the fire to the fire brigade in time. Children, the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled in the fire do not have or have lost the ability to save themselves. Other people present at the scene should actively help them escape from the danger as soon as possible. ?
everyone should be clear about the structure and escape route of the building where they work, study or live. If necessary, they can organize emergency escape rehearsals to familiarize everyone with the fire-fighting facilities in the building and the methods of self-help and escape. In this way, when a fire breaks out, you won't feel cornered.
References: Fire _ Baidu Encyclopedia