also known as "around the three forests", began in Nanzhao, initially an ancient religious rituals, and then gradually evolved into the Bai people's sports and recreation and excursion activities of the national event, every year from April 23rd to 25th of the Lunar Calendar, the Bai people around the Erhai Sea dressed in red and green gathered red into a team to participate in the activities, or hanging a colorful silk, gourd, holding a mosquito broom, fan, towel, a lead singer, a beat, followed by a man and a woman, singing a tune, playing the king's whip. Or hang a colorful silk, gourd, hand-held mosquito broom, holding a fan, towel, a lead singer, a beat, followed by a man and a woman, singing the tune, playing the whip, playing the three-stringed zither and Yueqin, singing and dancing, from the eastern foot of the Cangshan Mountain to the Qing hole, Xizhou, Jinhe. Along the way to visit the three capitals, that is, "around the three spirits". Three Spirit refers to the Buddha, God, Xanadu the three capitals.
Yi Tap Song
Tap Song, also known as Tap Song, to Weishan, Nanjian, Yangbi and other counties more popular. It can be roughly divided into animal dances that simulate the physical state of animals. As well as expressing the emotions of the love dance two categories, all weddings and funerals, national festivals have to play songs, dance mainly in the feet, for the foot, err, stomp, lift, kick, jump and other steps, jumping and singing, can be arbitrarily made up words, but also add a fixed singing words. They can make up words at will or add fixed lyrics. They have a leader and a harmonizer, and they are very graceful and free, and when they are fierce, they are enthusiastic and passionate. The tune played by the gourd sheng and the bamboo flute is in two parts, which is combined with the tune sung by the people to form a three-part singing music, and the musical effect is very strong, and this special harmony is rarely seen in other singing.
Meanwhile, the "Three Days Street", "Torch Festival", "Butterfly Festival", "Flower Dynasty Festival", "Shibaoshan Song Festival", "Water Splashing Festival", "Flower Boat Race", "To Sea Meeting", "fishing pool will", "chrysanthemum will", "the Lord of the Festival" are also famous Yunnan folk customs.
Bai Customs
Bai men in the Dali area wear white lapel tops, black collared lab coats with lace trim, white or blue fat pants, white wrapped heads, and embroidered satchels on their shoulders. White women wear white shirts, with bright red, blue or light blue lab coat, wearing gray and blue, green fabric with embroidered flowers plus embroidered lace trousers pants, feet wearing embroidered shoes, waist tie with embroidered flowers, birds and other patterns of embroidered short aprons.
The Bai wedding is lively and tedious, usually three days. Wedding day called "positive day", the first day called "treading shed", after the day called "loose guests". The first two days of the more distinctive, "treading the shed" the night of the day to sing "bench opera" in the male family.
The Dali region of the Bai residential architecture unique local style and national characteristics, the Bai residential closed building, the main house opposite the courtyard wall is usually built into the wall, the wall scale proportionality, the appearance is very beautiful. In addition to focusing on the shape of the wall is exquisite, but also pays great attention to the decoration, so that the wall is more elegant and beautiful.
Mosuo Style
Mosuo, known as "Mosuo" in ancient times, is one of the indigenous ethnic groups in the territory of Nyingchi, and its origin belongs to the ancient nomadic people of China, the "Yak Qiang". The special social and geographic environment of Yongning makes the Mosuo people retain their unique and magical customs and rituals. The legendary family marriage of the Mosuo people on Lugu Lake has become the most mysterious and attractive matriarchal cultural spectacle on this ancient land in the East, forming a confusing and faraway dream. The children of the Pumi and Mosuo people, who grow up to be 13 years old, will hold a rite of passage.
The Mosuo people still retain the matrilineal clan form of marriage. There are two kinds of Axia marriage forms popular among the Mosuo people, namely Axia hetero-marriage and Axia cohabitation marriage. Mosuo people worship nature, believe in the gods, believe in heaven and earth, sun, moon, water and fire, wind, rain, thunder and lightning, quoting the scriptures by the gods, so for a long time and gradually formed a different form of worship.
The Mosuo New Year's Eve is divided into a big year and a small year. Small year in the annual lunar calendar on November 12. Villages and villages drink and eat meat, singing and dancing and revelry, the herdsmen are given preferential treatment. The whole family gives the herdsmen gifts such as pork fat, sausages, eggs and poi. They also tie a red cloth on the tails of their animals to show that they are in the New Year. The herders go to the mountains to have a picnic and offer sacrifices to the mountain gods, praying that they will bless the coming year with abundant water and grass and prosperous livestock. The New Year is celebrated on the 30th day of the Lunar New Year every year. Two pines are planted in front of the main house in the courtyard, and pine branches and colorful sutra streamers are inserted on the roof. Boiled pig's head is offered on the table to ancestors and gods, and the youths hold activities such as wrestling, swinging, singing mountain songs and dancing in the native style.
Their traditional festival is the mountain festival, every year on the 25th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, lakeside Mosuo people will be dressed to go to the "Gem Goddess Mountain" pilgrimage.
Benzhu Worship
Benzhu Worship is the Bai people's unique universal religious beliefs, "Benzhu" that is, the Lord of the realm, that is, a village or a geographical area of the protection of God.
The Bai people have a long history of faith in the Lord. Every year, villages have a regular grand festival to worship the Lord, which is one of the major religious activities in the village. It is said that this day is the birth anniversary of the Lord, and the time of the festival varies from place to place. The main deity worshipped also varies from place to place. There are gods of nature worship, heroes worshipped as gods, rulers of Nanzhao and Dali Kingdom and their relatives, also Nanzhao generals and so on.
Folk Marriage
"Axia marriage"
Mosuo people living in the Hugu Lake is still inherited a "man does not marry a woman does not marry" "walking marriage" custom. Mosuo people call this marriage "Axia marriage" (" Axia "means intimate couple). Adult men and women in love, the two sides to establish the "Axia" marriage relationship, the man to the woman's home at night to live together, the next day before dawn to return, production and life from their own home. The length of the "Asha" relationship is determined by the feelings of both parties. Women dominate the family in production and childbearing, and children take their mother's name and are counted according to their mother's bloodline. This kind of "matrilineal family" and "Axia marriage" still survives on the earth, and is called a living fossil of early human marriage.
Robbing or running away from marriage
Robbing or running away from marriage was a custom of the Naxi people in Lijiang before the liberation of China. Men and women who have fallen in love with each other have feelings for each other, privately set for life, but were opposed by the parents of the woman, or worried about being opposed by the parents of the woman, so men and women will take the practice of bride kidnapping or running away to get married. In ancient times, some of the reasons for the marriage or run wedding is due to the woman's family can not accompany a large number of dowry difficult life. Of course, this custom no longer exists today.
Adult ceremony
Mosuo and Pumi children, to the age of 13 years old will be held adult ceremony. The ceremony is always held in the early morning of the first day of the New Year, in the main room of their homes under the fire under the two house columns. The column on the right is the female column and the column on the left is the male column. Boys stand under the men's pillar and girls stand under the women's pillar, with one foot stepping on pork fat and the other on a bag of grain, symbolizing that they will be fed throughout the year. The girl is dressed by her mother in a beautiful dress, and her hair is coiffed and accessorized. Boys are given a sword by their uncle. After the bar mitzvah, they are considered adults and can participate in various social activities.
The cave night tear
Small Liangshan Yi wedding is quite special, the night of the cave, a new couple to carry out some intense tearing. The bride has to poke the groom with a bamboo stick and scratch him with her hands, leaving blood marks on his hands and face to show the bride's chastity and decency.
Yunnan "eighteen strange"
Yunnan Province, a large number of ethnic groups, each ethnic group has its own unique social structure, way of life, customs and habits. The "Eighteen Monsters of Yunnan", which have been widely circulated and have many versions, are, to a certain extent, a reflection of Yunnan's ethnic customs.
One of the versions is this: "Eggs sold on a string of grass, rice cakes burned bait block, three mosquitoes fried dish, stone long to the clouds outside the sky, take off the straw hat as a pot cover, four seasons with the clothing to wear, farming can do more than the old lady, the bamboo tube can do the bag of water pipe, the pocket horse has the ability to grasshoppers can do the wine dishes, perennial good melon and vegetables, good cigarettes to see the smoke do not see the sale of thatched grass, the train is not sold at home and abroad, the train does not have a good, the grass is not sold at home and abroad. Sells well at home and abroad, the train is not as fast as the car, dolls go out with men, caves can be with the fairyland race, rice noodles over the bridge everyone loves, flowers bloom in all seasons". This jingle to some extent reflects the colorful Yunnan ethnic customs.
Three ways of tea
Three ways of tea was originally the king of the Nanzhao, Dali State period of hospitality to the generals and ministers, and then the recipe flowed into the folk, the formation of folk hospitality in a way.
Three-way tea is a bitter, two sweet and three aftertaste. Bitter tea is made of Xiaguan Tuocha, small tea cup bubble drink, bitter with astringent, cooling effect; sweet tea with milk fan, walnut kernels, brown sugar, Sensory mountain green tea configuration, a drink of sweet fragrance; aftertaste of tea with honey, tea, peppercorns, ginger, cinnamon configuration, the taste of pungent and slightly sweet, the aftertaste of three ways of tea is like the three flavors of life. The three ways of tea one by one end of the guests, to the ground, the white girl hands raise the cup Qi Mei, to show respect. Seats served to the small plate of red and green silk, peanuts, candied fruit, dried fruit and so on. Guests while sipping tea, while enjoying the national song and dance performances, "pinch the bride", "Song of the Golden Flower", "octagonal drums", "love songs" and so on has become a three-way tea reserved cultural programs.
Lisu
Lisu ancestors are the Han Dynasty in western Yunnan, "Build" (xi county name, now known as "Yuexi"), "Kunming" of the genus, belonging to the Qiang descendants. It belongs to the descendants of the Qiang tribe. About in Ming Jiajing thirty-seventh year (1558), under the leadership of the leader of the Mu Bibi steak across the Lancang River, over the Biluo Snow Mountain arrived in the Nujiang River, as a breeding ground, which part of the clan gradually south along the west bank of the Nujiang River migrated to the territory of Mangkuan; part of the clan from the territory of the Fugong, Lushui westward to the Tengchong Datang and other areas along the national border. Later, some of the clans that migrated to the Tengchong Datang area crossed the Gaoligong Mountains and entered the territory of the Lujiang River.
The language of the Lisu people belongs to the Yi language of the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and there is a script. Many people of the Lisu people can also operate Han, Yi, Dai, Bai, De'ang, Miao and other ethnic languages, Lisu language often borrowed from Han, Yi, Dai vocabulary. In the Republic of China, missionaries used the Latin alphabet to create a deformed form of the old Lisu language. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, linguists helped the Lisu people create a new script using the Latin alphabet.
The Lisu people are divided into the "Flowering Lisu" and the "Black Lisu", and most of the Lisu people in the Gaoligong Mountains belong to the "Flowering Lisu". Mainly distributed in the Nu Mountains and the Gaoligong Mountains mountain range between the Nu River on both sides of the alpine mountains, semi-mountainous areas and low-hot valley area, concentrated in the eastern part of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Lujiang and Mangkuan 27 natural villages. Their surnames are mainly Ma, Yu, Ou, Hu and Mi.
Before liberation, they often lived in the jungles of the Gaoligong Mountains, leading a nomadic life of hunting and slash-and-burn farming. To cultivate bale grain, buckwheat for a living, to hunt birds and beasts for food. In the local rumor has this sentence: "Dai not on the mountain, the Lisu do not go down the dam." Most of the Lisu people live in the mountains, in order to meet the most basic survival needs, it is inevitable in the relatively poor natural conditions of the mountain slopes to open up the land reclamation. They also hunt to improve their lives and exchange for some necessary necessities. Their dwellings are generally relatively simple, mostly simple bamboo, wood frame structure of the straw house, some live in the year-round wet caverns, some with the cultivated land to build huts to live, with the round of cultivated land is constantly relocated. Lisu people into a village into a fortress less, three or five families into a village, mostly no neighbors and no house alone. After the liberation, most of the dams are the two ends of the residence, the formation of a village of two land, a family of two pots, busy all year round on the busy down situation. As the situation changes, the Lisu people's lives have improved and stabilized, their living room has also changed greatly, mostly earth, wooden structure of the tiled house, rich a little also built a spacious and bright building, breaking the past crowded and simple housing habits.
The Lisu people are not only a hard-working and courageous, simple, loyal and straightforward and cheerful people, but also a more hospitable and most credible people. No matter how poor the family is, they are hospitable and like to make friends. Whether relatives and friends or passers-by, to the Lisu family, all to tea and food hospitality, such as you do not eat, will be regarded as you are disrespectful to them. In the Lisu people in the "mountains do not turn the road, who can go out of the house back to go" said. The Lisu people are straightforward and will not beat around the bush. With the Lisu people to interact, as long as you do not cheat, said to do to speak credibility, he would like to put the heart and lungs are out to you. If you do not have good intentions, deception, not credibility, then he is no longer willing to continue to interact with you.
Yunnan edible flowers
In the four seasons of spring in Yunnan, the four seasons of flowers is not only ornamental plants, but also on the table of the trendy dishes, almost every kind of edible flowers are linked to a recipe. If you go to Yunnan not to eat a meal of flower dishes, then even a trip in vain.
There are about 2,500 species of wild ornamental plants in Yunnan. Many flowers are edible, such as the red-hot red kapok, fragrant jasmine, clean and elegant orchids, standing magnolia, mountains of azalea and so on are edible flowers in the beautiful. It can be said that the "colorful", Yunnan people can not afford to go to the spring flowers. Yunnan's 26 ethnic brothers have recipes about flowers, they love flowers, as if they feel compelled to eat flowers into the mouth in order to express their inner love. Their history of eating flowers according to the relevant information that has been more than a thousand years, every spring, both men and women, young and old are rushed to the mountains, picking wildflowers while singing songs, picking flowers, dried, pickled, stored in a jar to be used.
The Lahu, who live along the Lancang River, are also a flower-dependent people, and flowers are not only a delicacy in dishes, but also a symbol of their life. The Lahu people have a long history of eating flowers, almost throughout their entire historical development period. The Hmong people step on the flower mountain, in fact, is the flower mountain, there is a song, "picked a hundred flowers with vegetables, to entertain the future wife," which can be seen in the status and dignity of the cauliflower.
The Naxi people believe that the white flowers of the plant is a tonic for human beings. Cauliflower is both a dish and a good medicine. Camellia has the effect of cooling the blood, is the treatment of vomiting blood intestinal wind medicine; honey Meng flower has the effect of eliminating the wind and brightening the eyes; green pods of mountain ginger is a good recipe for warming the stomach and strengthening the spleen. Turn over a Chinese herbal medicine atlas, only flowers account for more than half, and more than half of the flowers and often appear in the various ethnic groups in Yunnan on the dinner table, enriching the food culture of the Red Plateau.
The Dai people are an ethnic group that takes pride in flowers. In their eyes, the value of a flower is better than a jewel, and a piece of fallen flower will also provoke ripples in the pool of their kind heart. Daijia people open restaurants, nine out of ten recipes will have the shadow of the flower, a flower dish and are crowned with a very nice dish name, "goose blood agate" in the red camellia petals, "heavenly maiden down to earth" mixed with the traces of Tong Li flowers, "the fairy palace on earth". "Earthly fairy palace" is not lacking in the orchid buds waiting for the stamen. Once, I and my friends came to the beautiful and rich Olive Bar, in the bamboo dry bar type restaurant to enjoy a flower seat, enjoy the Dai people unique flavor of the food flower culture.
Traditional Daijia cuisine is known as sour and spicy, eating method of cold mainly, supplemented by green condiments, but the Daijia people's flower dishes, the pursuit of natural flavors, color and aroma, preferring the appearance of the dish color, so when we surrounded by a wealth of flowers, as if facing the concentration of the spring garden, the red like blood, white as jade, yellow as gold, blue as diamonds, almost all the colors in the bamboo gabion compiled The table is a collection of almost all the colors. Recipes have kapok flowers fried soybean rice, there are small hundred flowers sour pickle soup, there are cold Tang Li flowers, there is a spicy sauce cold raw food large white flowers, there are boiled plantain flowers, there are camellia glutinous rice porridge, there are eggs stewed with cactus flowers ...... In the face of a table full of flowers and vegetables, there is really some can't bear to get down, which I have seen a variety of banquets in the most unique and gorgeous feast.