Sima Guang is a very interesting person: he smashed a jar once, compiled a book called "Ziji Tongjian", and wrote an advertisement saying "If you ask about the rise and fall of the past and present, please only look at the city of Luoyang", and he was remembered forever. He will be remembered forever. However, many people may not know where he smashed the cylinder and where he compiled the book. In fact, both of them are related to Luoyang, and from today onwards, we will talk about the story of Sima Guang.
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In Chinese history, there are many people who can speak for Luoyang, three of them are the most prominent: one is the monk Xuanzang of the Great Tang Dynasty, one is the Wu Zhou empress Wu Zetian, and one is the Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang. Sima Guang to future generations left a "Ziji Tongjian", but also left a Luoyang advertising slogan "if you ask the ancient and modern rise and fall things, please only see the city of Luoyang". Think about it: from ancient to modern times, how many emperors and generals have passed through Luoyang on horseback? But who could have left such a profound assertion?
Sima Guang and Luoyang, has an inseparable love.
The town of Zhuge, supine division, there is Sima Guang alone paradise site
Because to write Sima Guang, supine division, Zhuge, deputy mayor of the town of Zhao Yajun drove to pick me up to the interview, a car he said: the town of Sima Street Village Xu Qingxi old man read for two years, he said: when will the "Classical Luoyang" to write write about Sima Guang it? Write about him in the Sima Street Village, the only paradise? It seems that his wish will be realized.
Came to the head of the village, the fruit to see an old man standing in the shade of a tree waiting, it is Xu Qingxi, 66 years old. When he saw me, he took my hand and went to visit the "Sima Guang Duluo Paradise Exhibition Hall". The exhibition hall was small and relatively simple, but very neat, with a sign hanging next to the door. Then he led me to the Sima Wen Gong Ancestral Hall. In fact, the old house of the ancestral hall no longer exists and has been converted into Sima Elementary School.
I was a bit touched. This village has more than 5600 people, none of them surnamed Sima, but they seem to be Sima Guang's family, mentioning this historian, everyone misses and respects. Especially Xu Qingxi, an old man, has been studying Sima Guang for most of his life. He said: Duleyuan is the place where Sima Guang wrote the book "Ziji Tongjian", and he stayed here for 15 whole years. However, Li Gefei, a Song man, misstated the exact location of Duluo Park in his Record of Famous Gardens in Luoyang! Li Gefei was Li Qingzhao's dad, and he stayed in Luoyang for a long time. He said that the Duluo Garden is north of Zunxianfang in the north of Luoyang city.
I looked at the city map of Luoyang in the Tang and Song dynasties, and there was no Zunxianfang in the north of the city. Besides, the north of the city is close to Mangshan Mountain, arid and lack of water, there is no condition to build a garden. But Li Gefei wrote this, and later scholars thought so too. Until the 1980s, archaeological exploration confirmed that there is no Duluo Park site in the north of the city.
Then where in the world is Duluo Park?In 1987, Yan Shi scholar Mr. Wu Zhen found an important clue about Duluo Park in a stele, wrote a paper "Sima Guang in Duluo Park". This stele was set on the east wall of a classroom in Sima Elementary School at that time, i.e., "Re-establishing Guan Di Temple and Golden Makeup Statue of God Stele Record". The inscription reads, "Now Chang'an Village (i.e. Sima Street Village) southeast of Luocheng, is the former site of Lord Sima Wen's Duluo Park." This paper was published in the "Yanshi literary and historical materials" on the first series, after a number of scholars field test, we all agree with this point of view.
The former deputy director of the Luoyang City Historical Compilation Committee, Henan Province, Mr. Li Lengwen, research librarian, also pointed out that: "Sima Guang lived in Luoyang fifteen years, had fixed a separate business alone paradise. The first name of 'Duleyuan' was 'medicine garden', and then it was expanded into a garden, which flourished for more than a hundred years. The garden in the Song and Yuan dynasties for Luoyang famous garden, to the Yuan dynasty in the middle of the abolition of ...... According to the Ming Jiajing "Henan County Records": the only paradise in Luoyang City, south of Tianmen Street east, go to the city of five miles; According to the Qing Jiaqing "Luoyang Zhi": the Song Sima Wen Gong "only paradise" site, in the city of Luoyang, southeast of the Yiluo River between Sima Jiejieyuan, "the only paradise" site. Southeast Yiluo River between Sima Street Village, now has been the villagers village."
Xu Qingxi old man took out a lot of literature and historical information, detailed to me the location of the one paradise, and finally said with a smile: you have now come to the one paradise, but now you can not see the year's bamboo forest and flower garden. I tilted my face toward the walls of the exhibition hall, only to see a replica of the layout of the unique paradise: lush forests, bamboo, gurgling streams, an idyllic scene.
I came here before, one of the most concerned about the problem is: childhood Sima Guang, in the end, where to smash the cylinder? Because, after all, we have to start from his childhood to trace the footsteps of his life.
Sima Guang was 7 years old when he was in Luoyang.
In fact, Sima Guang's ancestry is not in Guangshan County, Henan Province, but in Xia County, Shanxi Province, today. In the Song Dynasty, Xia County does not belong to the Hedong Road (today's Shanxi Province), but in today's Shaanxi Province, so some people in history called Sima Guang for the Shaanzhou people. Guangshan County, now part of Xinyang City, is located at the junction of the provinces of Henan, Hubei and Anhui, and Sima Guang's father, Sima Chi, was then the governor of Guangshan County.
October 18, 1019 AD, Sima Guang was born. Sima Chi said: this child was born in Guangshan County, called Sima Guang it. He picked up Sima Guang to take a closer look, and could not see any difference between him and other baby boys. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of a long journey, and it was a long time ago that I was in the middle of a long journey, and it was a long time ago that I was in the middle of a long journey, and it was a long time ago that I was in the middle of a long journey, and it was a long time ago that I was in the middle of a long journey, and it was a long time ago that I was in the middle of a long journey.
Since his childhood, Sima Guang has been strictly disciplined and has developed an honest and trustworthy character.
When he was five years old, he and his sister ate green walnuts together, but could not peel them, but after his sister left, the maid used boiling water to boil the walnuts and peeled them. Sister came back to see very happy, asked: "walnut is your own peeling?" Sima Guang lied that he had peeled them himself. When Sima Ji found out about this, he reprimanded Sima Guang. From then on, Sima Guang was always truthful in whatever he did and did not tell lies. He started reading at the age of 6, and always memorized his books very slowly. Other children would memorize and go to play, but he still sat there and memorized his books. The teacher asked him, "Have you memorized it? The teacher asked him if he had memorized it, and he replied, "No, I haven't.
Once, the family servants to go to sell a sick horse, Sima Guang specifically explained to the servants: meet the buyer, be sure to make it clear that "this horse summer months have lung disease", do not deceive people. So the servant sold the horse, said: "my small master Sima Guang special instructions, this horse's lungs have problems." Buy a horse secretly laugh: this Sima Guang, simply honest to the point of stupidity.
Such an honest Sima Guang, but in his seven years old, did an "honest children" do not dare to do something, so that he was instantly full of the east and west of the two capitals.
One day in 1026 AD, Sima Guang and his buddies playing in the courtyard, a child climbed to the edge of the tank, accidentally fell into the tank. The tank was so big and deep that the child was about to drown. The other children saw what had happened, they were so scared that they cried and shouted to the adults for help. Sima Guang, however, in a hurry, pick up a large stone from the ground, and vigorously to the water tank, only to hear the "bang" sound, the tank broke, the water flowed out, the child was saved.
This action seems simple, but it needs to be completed in an instant, the need to break the conventional way of thinking, but also need extraordinary calm and bold. How many years, some people in talking about this matter, also love to show off their so-called unconventional way of thinking, said: if it is in the winter, the water in the tank of ice, frozen, even if Sima Guang smashed the cylinder, the water does not flow out, is not the same as a white smash? Someone else said: he smashed the tank is equal to the destruction of public property, definitely not a good child. This statement is of course smart, or simply in the nonsense, but said that he "smashed the cylinder is equal to the destruction of public property", but it is a crooked, on the examination of Sima Guang in the end in what place to smash the cylinder has inspired.
From many children playing together as well as "group of children play in the court" of the historical account, the tank is not like home daily life with a water tank, but like placed in the public **** occasions of the tank, and the tank is very large, always ready for water, may be related to the official fire prevention matters. Experts are in accordance with this line of thought, to test Sima Guang in what place to smash the cylinder.
Experts test: according to the age of the week, 1026 Sima Guang 7 years old, has come to Luoyang with his father. His father Sima pool is Jingde two years (1005 AD) in the jinshi, first authorized Yongning County (now Luoning County) book, then transferred to Pi County (now Sichuan Pi County) agent county government; Tianxi three years (1019 AD) in April changed to Guangshan County county magistrate, in October of that year, Sima light was born. In 1026 AD, Sima Ji transferred to Henan Province Secretary of Records and stayed in the pass judgment, when the Henan Province seat in Luoyang.
In 1992, the city's archaeologists on the old city of West Street somewhere in the archaeological excavations, the surprise found the Northern Song Dynasty official courtyard site, this official courtyard should be the Henan Province at the time of the official courtyard. Song History - Sima Guang "in:" group of children play in the court, a child boarding the urn, feet fell into the water, all abandoned, light holding a stone hit the urn broken, the water burst, the child to live. Afterwards, Beijing, Luo painted as a picture." It seems that the earliest know about this incident and the form of propaganda paintings to promote Sima Guang save people's lives, is the Tokyo Bianliang and the western capital of the painter in Luoyang, and at that time the Sima Chi family lived in the western capital of Luoyang. The artist painted the story of "Sima Guang smashed the cylinder" so beautifully that the people in Xijing were curious and wanted to see the little Sima Guang, and see, he felt that he was not the same as other children, not smiling, a small adult appearance. History books also said that he was "seven years old Rinran as adults" - he smashed the cylinder at a young age to save people, encountered an emergency superhuman calm and decisive, and has since become a typical of the resourceful children.
But I always think that "seven years old as adult" this image is not lovely, you think ah: a seven-year-old boy, all day long do not smile, read when sitting upright, memorize the back of the book is very slow, the whole of a serious, conservative children's image, no wonder Sima Guang stepped into the political arena, always with the reformist Wang Anshi antagonism, to become the leader of the conservative faction, and the reformist Wang Anshi, the reformist Wang Anshi. The first time I saw him, he was a very good man, and he was a very good man.
Sima Guang was 20 years old when he was awarded a bachelor's degree
Sima Guang's father was concerned about his character and told him: "To study, you must not just mechanically memorize, but also think hard, understand the meaning of the original text, and comprehend the author's intention.
Sima Guang, on the other hand, is still reading slowly. He took the approach of the stupid bird flying first, when other people are doing games, he does not go, a person to find a quiet place to read hard, until the book memorized, the meaning of the text to understand all the time. Soon he progressed in his studies and his comprehension improved. When he was seven or eight years old, he began to study Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, and often, just after listening to the teacher's lessons, he could understand the general meaning of the book, and came back to tell his family about it.
He often forgot to eat when he was reading, and was reluctant to go to bed early, fearing that if he slept more, he would read less. He slept with a pillow, is a section of wood, called "police pillow". Wood is easy to roll, so that people do not sleep well, he woke up to read, so hard to learn, step by step to gain a lot of knowledge.
By the age of 15, Sima Guang will be "in the book of everything, the rhetoric of mellow deep, with the wind of the Western Han Dynasty", where the canonical story of the ages, the doctrines of the hundred schools, as long as they are involved in the hunt, it is necessary to get it through the inevitable. The first time I saw this, I was able to complete the book, which is a voluminous and extensive chronicle of the history of the world, and it was undoubtedly due to the hard work of his teenage years.
When Sima Guang was 15 years old, his father was already a fourth-ranking official, and according to the Song system, the sons and daughters of officials of five or six ranks or higher were allowed to fill their posts; he was given a chance to do so, but he gave it to his cousin. Soon, the court also gave him a "supervisor", which is in charge of civil engineering, but the aspiring Sima Guang, do not want to rely on the father's status to fill in, he wanted to get through the road of science and technology to achieve success, and then stepped up preparations for the examination.
The success of the people, Sima Guang 20 years old on the examination, proved that the early wisdom of the children's knowledge and strength, the Northern Song dynasty for him to provide a broad political arena. So, thereafter, Sima Guang, how to step up, into the central decision-making layer; and how and Wang Anshi political disagreement, the two from the best friends into political enemies; he was how to angrily leave the capital, came to Luoyang to write the "Zizhi Tongjian" it? (Sun Qinliang )