Which class are you in? This is the answer I am looking for. I haven't finished looking for it yet. If you want one, please give me one.
The twelve tones of ancient music. A term in ancient music theory, it is an ancient method of tuning. That is, a temperament system in which an octave is divided into twelve semitones that are not exactly the same using the third-part gain and loss method. The order from lowest to highest is: Huang Zhong, Da Lu, Tai Cu, Jia Zhong, Gu Xi, Zhong Lu, Ruibin, Lin Zhong, Yize, Nan Lu, Wu She and Ying Zhong.
Classification of the Twelve Laws
The Twelve Laws are divided into two categories: Yin and Yang. The six kinds of laws belonging to odd numbers are called Yang Laws, and the six kinds of laws belonging to even numbers are called Yin Laws. In addition, the odd-numbered laws are called "Lü", and the even-numbered laws are called "Lü", so the twelve laws are also referred to as "Lü".
A Bing
A Bing, formerly known as Hua Yanjun, is a folk musician. Blind due to eye disease. He studied hard, kept improving, and extensively absorbed folk music tunes. He composed and performed more than 270 folk music throughout his life. There are six erhu pieces, "Two Springs Reflect the Moon", "Listening to the Pines", "Cold Spring Wind" and pipa pieces, "Big Waves Washing the Sand", "Dragon Boat" and "Zhaojun Leaving the Fortress"
Zhao Yuanren (1892～1982) ) Linguist, musician. The courtesy name is Yizhong, a native of Wujin, Jiangsu (now Changzhou). He has composed more than 40 songs, 1 large-scale chorus and several piano pieces. Works that have had a wide impact on society include "Selling Ballads", "Teach Me How to Miss Him", "Hai Yun" and other works. Zhao Yuanren
Zhao Yuanren was a native of Jinwu, Jiangsu. He is a famous linguist in my country and has outstanding professional accomplishment and creative talent in music. He composed more than 100 songs in his life, including a large-scale chorus "Hai Yun" and some instrumental sketches.
His most important song creations include "God", "Also Weiyun", "Teach Me How to Miss Him", "Selling Ballads", "Weaving", "Labor Song", "Ming" "Calling March 18th", "I am a Northerner", "Song of Mirrors of Two Oceans", "Song of Boating on the Yangtze River", "Carrying a Gun", etc.
In terms of operation, Zhao Yuanren worked hard to create music with a national flavor. He used "Chinese style" tunes based on the pentatonic scale, dealt with the relationship between words and tunes according to the phonological characteristics of the Chinese language, and explored The national flavor of melody writing, some of which are written in a tone close to poetry, and some are developed by absorbing or developing the tone of national minor tunes.
In terms of harmony, he boldly explored "Chinese" harmony, including the use of parallel fourths and fifths.
In terms of musical image, he pays great attention to the independent meaning of image portrayal, especially the use of piano accompaniment, and the portrayal of the expressing character or the poetic image of the outside world.
"Zhao Yuanren has always created music from a democratic and patriotic standpoint. His unrivaled creation is reflected in his choice of subject matter, exploration of national musical styles, and reference to Western creative techniques. The rare and bold spirit of innovation has had a profound impact on the creation and development of modern music in our country."
The song collections published by Zhao Yuanren include "New Poetry Collection" (1928) and "Children's Day Song Collection" (1934). , "Xiaozhuang Songs" (1936), "Public Education Song Collection" (1939), "Xingzhi Song Collection" and "Zhao Yuanren Song Collection" (1981). In 1987, under the proposal and promotion of He Luting, the president of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, Shanghai Music Publishing House published the staff version of "The Complete Musical Works of Zhao Yuanren" (edited by his eldest daughter, Harvard University professor Zhao Rulan), which contains 83 songs, 24 arranged choral songs, and 19 arranged folk songs. The first, six instrumental pieces, a total of one hundred and thirty-two works.
In 1909, Zhao Yuanren was admitted as a government-funded student to study in the United States. He majored in mathematics at Cornell University and took electives in physics and music. In 1921, Zhao Yuanren and his wife came to the United States together. Zhao Yuanren worked as a lecturer in philosophy and Chinese at Harvard University and studied linguistics. In 1925, Zhao Yuanren returned to Tsinghua University to teach courses in mathematics, physics, Chinese musical registers, general linguistics, modern Chinese dialects, Chinese musical notation, and Western music appreciation.
Guangming Xing: Erhu Solo, composed by Liu Tianhua.
The whole song is composed of four main sections plus an introduction and an ending. In the music creation, it has absorbed techniques such as arpeggio progression and modulation of major triads in Western music. The performance technique also adopts long sections of bow pauses. The music style is fresh, clear and optimistic. Upwards expresses the author's joy in pursuing a better future.
Kunshan Tune: Opera tune, also known as Kun Tune and Kun Opera, originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It was originally a Southern opera cappella tune that was popular in the Kunshan area. It was named after its founder, Gu Jian, who lived near Kunshan. During the Jiajing and Longqing years of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Liangfu spent ten years carrying out major reforms in the tunes, singing methods, orchestra and other aspects of Kunshan tune, making it the most successful and influential style of Ming Dynasty opera tune.
Li Shutong: (1880-1942) one of the representatives of Xuetang music. His original name was Wen Tao, also known as An, and his courtesy name was Xishuang. His achievements span calligraphy, seal cutting, painting, drama, poetry, music and other fields, and he has cultivated artists and musicians such as Feng Zikai, Liu Zhiping and Wu Mengfei. He composed more than 50 songs throughout his life, and his representative works such as "Spring Outing" and "Farewell" have had a wide impact on society. Li Shutong
Li Shutong (1880-1942), also known as Wentao, also known as An, with the courtesy name Shutong, was a versatile man who could do anything in poetry, lyrics, drama, painting, calligraphy, and seal cutting. In painting, he is good at charcoal sketches, oil paintings, watercolors, Chinese paintings, advertisements, woodcuts, etc. He is one of the pioneers of Chinese oil painting, advertising painting, and woodcut.
He further studied in Japan and majored in painting. He also studied in Japan and founded my country's first drama group - "Chunliu Society" with Pu Xiaogu.
In 1906, he founded my country's first music publication "Music Magazine" (only one issue was published). He made contributions to the development of art, music, calligraphy, seal cutting and other aspects at that time.
His song creations are mostly seen in "Li Shutong's Song Collection", among which "Motherland Song", "Farewell" (two-part chorus) and "Early Autumn" are more famous, among which "Spring Outing" is the most famous. The most prominent.
Most of his songs reflect the life of teenagers, and some of his works are his personal emotions. Most of its songs are filled with lyrics from popular folk songs from European and American countries. The tunes are beautiful and smooth, the words are vivid and beautiful, and they are full of artistic conception and charm. The lyrics and music are well combined in terms of artistic image or vocal rhyme. The artistic level of the songs he wrote is obviously higher than that of his contemporaries
1. An attempt to describe the ideological content, source of tunes and historical significance of school music songs
The meaning of school music songs Songs taught in singing classes offered by new schools in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of my country. The emergence of school music and songs is closely related to the historical background at that time. After the Opium War, China suffered deeply from bullying by Western powers. Some far-sighted people believe that if we want to get rid of the aggression of foreign powers, we must enrich the country and strengthen the military, and promote the reform of China's politics, military, economy and culture. Therefore, they began to call for reform and launched the reform and Westernization Movement. The establishment and innovation of the education system was pushed to the forefront of society. In 1898, Kang Youwei wrote to the emperor, requesting to imitate the educational systems of Germany and Japan to establish China's academic system, and "order the establishment of schools in all provinces, counties, and villages." However, due to the failure of the reform reform, its suggestions were not adopted at the time. In 1901, the shaky Qing court announced that it would "abolish the imperial examinations and establish schools" and implement the "New Deal". By 1904, the "School Charter" was officially announced, and the new education system began to be implemented across the country. After that, new schools were established in various places. Most of the new schools offered singing classes, and school music began to rise gradually. After the Revolution of 1911, as new schools became more popular, school music became popular in society and eventually spread throughout the country.
The ideological content of school songs is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, it promotes patriotic ideas such as enriching the country and strengthening the army, and praising the motherland. These works account for a large proportion of school music. The main works include "When Will You Wake Up", "Chinese Man", "Gymnastics-Military Exercises", "Yellow River", "Song of the Motherland", "Yangtze River", etc. Among them, "Chinese Man" and "When Will You Wake Up" are the most prominent.
Second, express the content of women’s liberation. Such as "Women's Gymnastics", "Song of Heavenly Foot", "Encouraging Women's Rights", "The Pain of Foot-Binding", etc.
Third, propagate bourgeois liberal and democratic ideas, promote democracy and overthrow the imperial system. Such as "Two Heroes of Europe and the United States", "Speech", "Revolutionary Army", "Celebrating the Peace of Japan", "Memorial of the Restoration".
Fourth, promote new lifestyles and oppose feudal superstition. Such as "Earth", "Pizhanjian", "Dancing", "Civilized Marriage", "Ge Zhi", "Sports Games", etc.
Fifth, children's songs. Such works also account for a large proportion of school music. Such as "Spring Outing", "Bamboo Horse", "Farewell", "Blacksmith", "Boat Race", "Tortle and Hare", "Encouraging Learning", "Spring Outing", "Farewell", "Remembering Childhood", etc.
In addition, there are also a small number of works in the school music and songs that are loyal to the emperor and respect Confucius and promote feudal ethics and morals. Such as "Respecting Confucius", "Performing Songs of Confucius", "Loyalty to the King", "Five Ethics", etc.
The tunes of school music songs are basically composed of lyrics based on ready-made tunes, and there are few independent creations. Most of the tunes are selected from school songs or popular tunes in Europe, America and Japan, and Chinese folk tunes are rarely used. Overall, the tunes of school songs come from the following sources:
First, European and American tunes are selected. For example, the widely circulated "Farewell" is based on the melody of Ordway's "Dreams of Home and Mother"; "The Dance" is based on the melody of the British national anthem; and "Reluctant Learning" is based on the American song "Rosa Lee" Lyrics to the tune.
Second, choose Japanese songs and popular tunes. For example, the lyrics of "Chinese Man" are based on the Japanese song "Old Bucket in the Boarding House"; the lyrics of "When Will I Wake Up" are also based on the Japanese tune "Moonan Gong"; and the lyrics of "Revolutionary Army" are based on the Japanese military song "The Brave Sailor".
Third, choose Chinese folk tunes. There are works such as "Encouraging Women's Rights", "Tea Picking Song", "The Pain of Foot-Binding", etc.
Fourth, create tunes. There are several songs including "Beautiful China", "Yellow River", "Spring Outing", "Soldier's Bullets", "Lotus Picking Song", etc.
With the development of school music, Western music culture has been fully introduced into China, including the playing methods and forms of piano, violin and other musical instruments; various songs and singing forms; notation methods such as staff notation and simplified notation; Basic theoretical knowledge of Western music, etc. A number of musicians such as Shen Xingong, Li Shutong, and Zeng Zhidin appeared, and a number of original works were published, such as Shen Xingong's "School Singing Collection", "Re-edited School Singing Collection", Li Shutong's "Chinese Studies Singing Collection", Zeng Zhidong's "Education Singing Collection", etc. A collection of music songs. The rise and development of Xuetang Lege has cultivated a group of music education talents, which is important to the enlightenment of new music in my country and the establishment of a new music education system
Xuetang Lege
Xuetang Lege is a The songs taught and sung in the "music and song classes" in Chinese schools at the beginning of the 20th century had a lot to do with the society and culture at that time. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, learning from the West and requesting the abolition of imperial examinations, establishment of schools, and reform and reform became the unanimous voice of the Chinese people. Some people who had returned from studying in Japan or Europe opened music and singing classes in new schools in China and taught some new songs. At that time, it was called "Lege", later the music industry collectively referred to the school songs of this period as "School Lege".
Most of the content of the school songs reflected the Chinese bourgeoisie’s demands for European scientific civilization and the realization of patriotic ideas such as “rich country and strong army”. Their creative ideas were mainly adopted from Japanese, European and American songs and tunes. Some of them added new lyrics, some changed the lyrics, some composed songs, and some of them adopted the tunes of traditional Chinese folk songs.
School music is the beginning of modern democratic music culture. It is the establishment and spread of a new situation of collective singing; it popularized simplified musical notation, accepted staff and Western music knowledge; its secretary style has an important influence on subsequent music creation It had a great influence; the "Lege Movement" influenced and cultivated a group of musical talents, so all of this has pioneering significance in the Enlightenment period. It directly affected the development of music culture after the "May 4th" movement in my country. Representative figures include Shen Xingong, Li Shutong, Zeng Zhidong, etc.
See volume 140 New Law of Secret Law: "New Law of Secret Law" scientifically solves the eternal problem of "the yellow bell cannot be restored" caused by the three-point profit and loss method. Zhu Zaiyu used the square root method to calculate The length of the temperament allows the intervals between the twelve temperaments to achieve strict uniformity. This is his "new method" that is different from the three-point gain and loss method. The new law of esoteric temperament is the earliest "twelve equal temperament" temperament principles that appeared in the history of music culture.
An epoch-making event occurred in the history of Chinese music in the Ming Dynasty - the invention of the "New Method". The new law density is the Twelve Equal Temperament. The completely equal pitch relationship between the 12 temperaments is obtained by calculation method, and the most precise ratio between each temperament is obtained. His invention preceded the West by about a century. However, due to the limitations of musical instrument production at that time, his invention could not be used in musical practice. Later, even his theory was either gradually forgotten, or its profound revolutionary significance could not be seen. But in terms of temperament, the invention of the twelve equal temperaments is the basis for music to move from ancient times to modern times. The inventor is Zhu Zaiyu, who is known as an "Oriental Renaissance figure". He was a scientist, historian, writer, and musician. He was a scientific and artistic superstar in the Ming Dynasty, and a great man in the history of Chinese music and even the history of world music.
Nie Er’s music creations are mainly mass songs and lyrical songs, the former such as "Opening the Road", "Dock Workers' Song", "March of the Volunteers", "Forward Song", etc. In these songs, He expressed with strong emotions the rising enthusiasm of the people of all walks of life in China at that time and their full confidence in the anti-imperialist struggle; especially the theme song "March of the Volunteers" written for the movie "Children of the Storm", which greatly inspired the people The determination and courage to carry out the revolution to the end were selected as the national anthem of the Communist Party of China when New China was founded.
Nie Er
Nie Er is from Yuxi, Yunnan, and was born in Kunming. He is a leading representative of the left-wing music movement. In 1931, he was admitted to the "Mingyue Musical Drama Club". Later, he worked at Lianhua Film Company and EMI Records, and officially began his music creation. In his creative career of just over two years, he composed nearly forty songs for many dramas and movies. Representative works include "March of the Volunteers", "Graduation Song", "Main Road Song", "Pioneer", "Dockworker", "New Women", "Newspaper Selling Song", etc.
He is good at extracting characteristic tones and rhythms from life and the intonation of lyrics, and is good at absorbing useful things from folk music and foreign music. His fighting mass songs, such as "March of the Volunteers", "Graduation Song", "Advance Song", etc., integrate the tones, rhythms and genres of Chinese and foreign works; they have huge impact and inspiring effects; and his labor songs It absorbed the tones and rhythms of the corresponding labor chants and created a variety of different images of workers; in his lyrical songs such as "Singing Girl Under the Iron Heel", "Village Girl Beyond the Great Wall", "Meiniang Song", etc., It also incorporates folk songs, rap and other tonal elements.
Nie Er's songs not only have a strong spirit of the times, national style and mass characteristics, but also form his unique fresh, bright and exciting music style full of revolutionary optimism. (Died in 1935, at the age of twenty-three)
Liu Tianhua, see volume 142
Zhao Yuanren, see volume 147
"Yellow River Cantata" reflects the reflections on both sides of the Yellow River The lives, thoughts and feelings of the hard-working and brave people convey the aspirations of the working people, demonstrate the great strength and indomitable fighting spirit of the Chinese nation, and have strong national characteristics.
The music is based on the essence of mass songs (i.e., the tone) and draws on elements of folk music in northern Shaanxi and Shanxi as its material. The composer did not simply copy these musical materials, but creatively used national music styles, folk music materials and folk performance forms to reflect the current life of the Chinese people fighting against Japan and saving the country. The composer successfully created a militant new national form, a large-scale vocal suite that combined national style with the characteristics of the times, laying the foundation and direction for the nationalization of my country's music creation.
In the melody creation of "Yellow River Cantata", the musical language is concise, bright and easy to understand. For example, "Dialogue Song by the River" is written in northern Shaanxi and Shanxi tones, with a strong local flavor. The question-and-answer format is a major feature of folk songs, and "Yellow River Cantata" adopts this format, which is relaxed and interesting. "Yellow River Boatmen's Song" directly absorbs the rhyme and rhythm of the boatmen's chants, and the music has a vivid and combative image.
The achievements of "Yellow River Cantata" on the issue of national style are closely related to the author's scientific world view and revolutionary outlook on life. The composer has always adhered to the belief that creating works with a strong national style should be treated as a question of how to integrate himself with the masses, as a true reflection of life and the expression of people's thoughts and feelings. Therefore, the "Yellow River Cantata" has both distinctive national characteristics and a strong spirit of the times, exuding a permanent artistic fragrance.
Yellow River Cantata: Cantata, with lyrics written by Guang Weiran and music composed by Xian Xinghai. With the Yellow River as the background, the work shows a magnificent historical picture of the anti-Japanese struggle, praises the people's fighting spirit, accuses the criminal behavior of the invaders, and creates an unyielding image of the Chinese nation's heroes. It is a film that reflects the liberation of the Chinese nation. A musical epic of movement. In his music creation, Xian Xinghai adopted a variety of singing forms such as solo singing, unison singing, rotation singing, duet singing, chorus, etc., and also creatively used Western composition techniques such as canon. Each movement is both interconnected and relatively independent, forming a sharp contrast in terms of performance content, singing form and musical image. The whole song is grand in scale, majestic and resonant, and the tone absorbs folk music materials such as labor chants, giving the work distinctive national characteristics and becoming one of the most important achievements since the May Fourth New Culture Movement in China.