Art is a reflection of social life. The social role of art can be summarized as cognitive, educational and aesthetic. Art plays its educational role through entertainment. The aesthetic role is the unique social role of art, but also the core of the social role of art. The following is what I recommend for you on the social role of art, for your reference.
On the Social Role of Fine Arts Fan Essay 1: The Social Role of Fine Arts
The scope of fine arts is very wide. From a broad perspective, it can be roughly divided into two types of ornamental art and practical art. In terms of ornamental art, it mainly includes painting and sculpture. Painting, due to the different materials and tools used, can be divided into Chinese painting, oil painting, watercolor painting, gouache painting, printmaking, drawing and other types of painting. Sculpture also has a variety of forms such as round and relief, and the materials used are stone, wood, clay, plaster, bronze and so on. Practical art also includes two categories: arts and crafts and architecture. At present, there are different views on the concept of arts and crafts at home and abroad, but according to the common saying, arts and crafts include traditional handicrafts, modern industrial arts and commercial arts. Traditional handicrafts such as jade carving, ivory carving, lacquer ware, metal crafts, etc.; modern industrial art (or industrial design?). industrial design) Including all to meet the people's growing material life and spiritual life needs of suitable and beautiful living supplies, as well as modern transportation and machinery shape and color design; modern commercial art mainly refers to commodity signs, packaging and decoration and commercial advertising. The reason why architecture also belongs to the scope of fine arts is determined by the duality of technical science and art contained in architecture itself. Any building is always a material structure with a certain spatial shape standing on the ground, which inevitably has a problem of whether the shape is beautiful or not. In this sense, architecture and sculpture is a very specific modeling art.
Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architecture, etc. in space to carry out, the table state, appealing to people's vision of a kind of art. In the seventeenth century, when Europe began to use this name, it refers to the aesthetic significance of painting, sculpture, literature, music and so on. I? The term began to be commonly used around May 4th. When the term began to be commonly used around May 4, it also had a meaning equivalent to that of art as a whole. For example, Lu Xun explained in 1913 that the term "fine arts" meant "art". The term "fine arts" was explained by Lu Xun in 1913. when he wrote: "Art is a word. Art is a word? was translated from the English word Aether. The word "Aethe" is originally from Greece, and its meaning is "art". Shortly thereafter, our country another to? Art? , the word translation? Aether? and "art" for "art". Art? has become the name for visual arts such as painting. Fine art is one of the types of art, which has a close relationship with human society, and the creation of fine art is one of the important and distinctive signs of the development of human civilization. In modern society, art penetrates into every aspect of daily life, meeting the needs of people's increasingly high material and spiritual life. For example, interior design: various styles, clothing art: muffin shoes, sculpture: Jade Plaza's Jade character modeling and so on. From these works of art, we can see that the art of creating three-dimensional or flat visual images by using various kinds of material, as a means of exchanging aesthetic information between people, so the art of art is also known as "plastic arts". His main categories are painting, architecture, sculpture, arts and crafts.
In essence, art is a product of spiritual consciousness. The Bon Ding of the Zhou Dynasty recorded the inscriptions of the king of Zhou rewarding the slave owners for their land and slaves, and it contained the idea of symbolizing the ruling power of the slave owners Bon cast this tripod to commemorate the occasion, which actually proclaimed his own slavery privileges and expressed his loyalty to the king of Zhou and commemorated his ancestors. Rodin's "Thought" portrays a very young, beautiful female avatar with her head bowed, that melancholy and staring gaze, forbidding lips, showing a rich and complex inner world, as if caught in the contemplation of not being able to get rid of the social constraints, surrounded by the lingering dreamy atmosphere of the disembodied ? Thoughts? In the still "matter", as Rodin himself said: "Form expresses the inner spirit". Form expresses the inner spirit. The form expresses the inner spirit. Everything is thought. From this, we can see that the essence of fine art is an ideology, which is subordinate to the superstructure of the socio-economic base through serving certain intermediary links. Fine art is also a product of human aesthetic understanding and aesthetic creation, which embodies the social and personal aesthetic concepts and ideals.
Everything in nature itself does not have what? beauty? and? not beautiful? boundaries, just like the color itself does not matter? There are no boundaries between beautiful and unattractive in nature, just as there are no boundaries between colors. or unattractive? unattractive? just as there is no such thing as beautiful or unattractive in color itself. The reason why things and colors have? beauty? and unattractive? are differentiated by their relationship to people's? Social life It is only when it is associated with the social life of a person that the difference between beauty and unattractiveness is revealed, therefore, the difference between beauty and unattractiveness is revealed. Beauty? and unattractive? is the result of the People s own concept of life and a standard of value orientation, especially as a? social person? A reflection of consciousness. The human being is in the process of? Aesthetics The process of activities can not be separated from the object of the? Image? Associations, creators in the works injected their own feelings, so the work of art is no longer a simple imitation and copy of the object, always with the author's strong aesthetic interest. For example, Zhan Jianjun's "Five Heroes of Wolf Tooth Mountain" reproduces the revolutionary heroism of anti-Japanese warriors who fought bravely and preferred to die rather than give in, which undoubtedly inspires people's patriotism and enthusiasm. The public service poster "The Spring that Sustains Life? Food" highlights the importance of "Cherish Food" with a clear and eye-catching image. Cherish Food? It educates and reminds people to pay attention to the quality and style of thrift and saving. Through the infectious and stimulating effect of the image, it inspires the consciousness and emotional activities of the viewers so as to achieve the purpose of improving their thoughts, morals and sentiments. This is the role of art as an educational function in society. Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming Riverside Scene": the art of? The material is taken from real life. is taken from real life, the "materials" in real life are scattered, and the artist puts these scattered materials to use. material" in real life is originally scattered. The artist centralizes these scattered materials and uses his own Conceptualization to Enrichment It, with your own? Composition to refine it, so that a certain section of real life is more typical, and the pictures and images presented impress the admirers with their typical characteristics. On the other hand, the reason why the admirers can be impressed by these typical works is that they can be more and more impressed by their own compositions, and they can be more and more impressed by their own composition. impressed? is because they can realize more clearly the meaning of life in these typical works. Life The essence of life. This is the role of art in society to allow people to have a cognitive function.
On the social role of art Essay 2: The function of art essay
Popular theories on the art function of the interpretation of the multiplicity, can be translated into an equation: the function of works of art = utility + knowledge + education 10 aesthetic a one art can be beautiful work for a long time, this kind of? Multiple theories has long enveloped the theoretical world and forced the practice to conform, leading to the art of monstrous obesity and anemia. Therefore, it is a theoretical task that should not be neglected in order to restore the quality of art by accurately evaluating its functions. In this paper, I would like to express my personal opinion on this subject. (1) Strictly speaking, art refers to the process of the artist's activity of shaping visual beauty, not to the result of this activity. There is certainly a causal relationship between the process and the result, but there is no equal sign. The flaw in the theory of multiplicity lies in the fact that there is no equal sign between the process and the result. The flaw of the multiple theory is that it equates the result with the process, and the function of the art work with the function of art, turning the latter concept into a confused mixture. On the contrary, I think: First, art is not practical. What is practical is the vessels for eating and drinking, the clothes for wearing, the boats for riding, the buildings for living, not the qualities of fine art that are attached to these kinds of material entities. Secondly, fine art is not a recognition of a diamond or a platinum spoon. It is the appearance, description, implication or symbolization of the images in the works of art that plays the role of cognition, not the quality of art contained in these images. Thirdly, art is not educational. The role of education is produced through the thematic ideas expressed in the images in the works of art, and such thematic ideas are completely unrelated to the qualities of art in nature. It distinguishes the fine arts from production, science, morality, religion...
What is the function of art? In ancient times and in modern times, there are many different opinions.
The Three Social Functions of Painting
1, cognitive function: to recognize the life, history, customs, behaviors, artifacts, concepts, and so on, of people of different times, nationalities, cultures, and social systems, and even to recognize the whole universe, including ourselves, through works of art.
2 Educational function: the content and theme of the art works expressed in the subject matter of the formation of the audience's ideological and moral infection and influence
3 aesthetic function: the cultivation of people on the beauty of things, the beauty of the form of the discernment, sensitivity and sensibility of the "Painting" in the preface, first of all, to clarify the "painting". In the preface of Paintings, it is firstly stated that this book is a work for evaluating painters' art, and the social function of paintings is? The social function of painting is to advise and admonish, and to make the rise and fall of a thousand years of loneliness, which can be learned from the pictures. In particular, it puts forward? There are six methods of painting.
In people's general understanding, art education is only the teaching of skills, the cultivation of aesthetic sense, and the cultivation of appreciation ability. But people have neglected some of these functions: the cultivation of creative ability and image thinking ability. At present, art teachers in primary and secondary schools do not have enough knowledge about this problem, and some of them even fail to recognize it, so they are not able to take corresponding measures and teaching methods to cultivate primary and secondary schools
Awareness of the functions of art
Abstract: The main educating function of art in the period of knowledge-based economy is not only to cultivate students' art skills and aesthetic interests, but also, and more importantly, to cultivate the creative ability of students. It is more important to cultivate students' creative ability. However, there is a lack of sufficient awareness of this issue. The teaching concept is old-fashioned, the method is single, and most of the students are imitative and skill-oriented. In order to address this problem, it is proposed to change the concept of teaching, improve teaching methods, and use new teaching methods to cultivate students' creativity and image thinking ability, and improve their comprehensive quality.
Keywords: art education, painting, social function
Full Text Snapshot:
The term "fine art" began to be commonly used by literary artists and educators during the May Fourth New Culture Movement in China. It is derived from the ancient Roman Latin word ?art?, which in its original meaning meant art as opposed to ? natural creation? The original meaning was to refer to the natural creation as opposed to the The original meaning was "artificial skill" as opposed to "natural creation". It refers to all kinds of handmade works of art as well as literature, drama, music, etc., and in a broader sense also includes boxing, magic, medicine, etc. In China, the so-called? The so-called "Hundred Arts and Crafts" in China includes a similarly wide range of skills. is equally wide-ranging. In ancient times, whether in the East or the West, there was only? Crafts and Crafts? but nothing like "fine arts". Fine Arts This is because mankind's sense of aesthetics was first born from the crafts that satisfy the needs of survival. This is because the human aesthetic consciousness, is the first to meet the needs of survival from the birth of crafts. In Europe, the term Art? and? Fine Arts These two concepts were not established and recognized until the Renaissance.
What is the function of art? In the past and present, there are many different opinions, and no one can agree. The cognitive function of art: to recognize the life, history, customs, behaviors, artifacts, concepts, and so on, of people of different times, nationalities, cultures, and social systems, and even to recognize the whole universe, including ourselves, through works of art.
The function of art education: the contents and themes expressed in the subject matter of the art works on the audience to form the ideological and moral infection and influence The function of art aesthetics: the cultivation of people on the beauty of things, the beauty of the form of the discernment, sensitivity and sensibility, the painting in the preface of the first to clarify? In the preface of Paintings, it is firstly stated that "Paintings" is a book to evaluate painters' art. In the preface of "Paintings", it is firstly clarified that "the painting is the superiority or inferiority of all paintings", i.e. this book is a work to assess the artistic superiority or inferiority of painters. The social function of paintings is to advise and admonish, to recognize the rise and fall of a thousand years of silence, and to learn by drawing. In particular, it puts forward? There are six methods of painting. which not only comprehensively summarizes the artistic standards of painting criticism, but also completely establishes the artistic norms of painting creation, which has become an important part of the excellent heritage of painting aesthetics.
The main function of art, from the point of view of the use, art can be divided into two systems: pure art and arts and crafts. The so-called fine art mainly refers to paintings, calligraphy, sculpture, seal cutting, and sometimes music and poetry, which fulfill the needs of spiritual entertainment and appreciation for the purpose of aesthetics. Because these arts condense the social and cultural consciousness and aesthetic consciousness, so sometimes some people also called literary arts; the so-called arts and crafts, we generally divide it into two categories of practical arts, special crafts, which mainly include architecture, gardening, arts and crafts, industrial design. These arts have a certain utilitarian purpose, to meet the material needs of people in food, clothing, housing, transportation and other aspects. Of course, this division is not absolute.
Such as weaving crafts, toys, silk flowers, etc., they are between practical and pure appreciation. It can be seen that pure art does not exclude utilitarian purposes, arts and crafts can not completely abandon the pursuit of the purpose of the United States of America popular theories on the art function of the interpretation of the multiplicity of art can be translated into an equation: art function = practical + understanding + education 10 aesthetic a one-art can be the United States of America for a long time, this kind of? Multiple theories Shrouding the theoretical world and forcing the practice of the model, leading to the art of monstrous obesity and anemia. Therefore, it is a theoretical task that should not be neglected in order to restore the quality of art by accurately evaluating its functions. In this paper, I would like to express my personal opinion on this subject. (1) Strictly speaking, art refers to the process of the artist's activity of shaping visual beauty, not to the result of this activity. There is certainly a causal relationship between the process and the result, but there is no equal sign. The flaw in the theory of multiplicity lies in the fact that there is no equal sign between the process and the result. The flaw of the multiple theory is that it equates the result with the process, and the function of the art work with the function of art, turning the latter concept into a confused mixture. On the contrary, I think: First, art is not practical. What is practical is the vessels for eating and drinking, the clothes for wearing, the boats for riding, the buildings for living, not the qualities of fine art that are attached to these kinds of material entities. Secondly, fine art is not a recognition of a diamond or a platinum spoon. It is the appearance, description, implication or symbolization of the images in the works of art that plays the role of cognition, not the quality of art contained in these images. Thirdly, art is not educational. The educational function is produced by the theme idea expressed in the images of art works, which is totally unrelated to the characteristics of art. The social function of art is that there is no boundary between beauty and unattractiveness in everything in nature, just as there is no boundary between beauty and unattractiveness in color. The reason why things and colors are beautiful and unattractive is that they are only revealed after being associated with the social life of people, so beauty and unattractiveness is a criterion for people's own conception of life and value orientation, especially as a reflection of the consciousness of the social people.
People in the process of aesthetic activities can not be separated from the image of the object associated with the creator of the work injected into their own feelings, and thus the work of art is no longer a simple imitation and copy of the object, always with the author of a strong aesthetic interest, and only therefore, in order to appreciate the audience caused by the **** Ming. 9L8E-m So, Hegel said: beauty is the earliest teacher of mankind, the education of beauty has the quality of emancipating the mind. Has the quality of emancipation. There is no aesthetic process to talk about the function of art. Therefore the aesthetic function of fine art is its main function. Of course, due to the wide connection between art and social life and the diversity of art creation, the social function of art is not a single aesthetic function, but is embodied in many aspects. To summarize, art mainly has cognitive, educational and aesthetic functions. Well, we will appreciate the works to understand the social function of art.
(1) Zhan Jianjun's "Five Heroes of Wolf Tooth Mountain" reproduces the image of anti-Japanese warriors fighting bravely, rather than die of revolutionary heroism, and can undoubtedly inspire people's patriotism and enthusiasm. The public welfare poster "Food, the Spring that Sustains Life" reveals the meaning of cherishing food in a distinctive and eye-catching image, educating and reminding people to pay attention to the quality and style of thrift and saving. Through the infectious and stimulating effect of the image, it inspires the viewers' consciousness and affective activities, so as to achieve the purpose of improving thoughts, morals and sentiments. --Educational function. B8D "W!X4^gu)J (2) Zhang Zeduan's "42 Pages of Qingming Riverside Scene": the material of art is taken from real life, and the material in real life is scattered, the artist concentrates these scattered materials, enriches it with his own ideas, refines it with his own composition, makes a certain section of real life more typical, and presents the picture and image with typicalized characteristics. The pictures and images presented are all characterized by typicalization, which impresses the appreciators. On the other hand, the reason why the admirers can be moved by these typical works is that they can recognize the essence of life more clearly. --Cognitive function. (3) "Mona Lisa" "Tiger Bird-shaped Drum Stand" When we marvel at how Leonardo da Vinci captured the fascination of Mona Lisa's appearance and heart, when we admire the ingenious wisdom of our ancestors in creating the beautiful and wishful phoenix bird image, or when we are in an architectural environment with profound cultural connotations, we will obtain from these beautiful creations The whole body and mind of the aesthetic satisfaction and great spiritual power. --Aesthetic function. Of course, the aesthetic function is also determined by the appreciator's state of mind and emotional state. The same natural mountains and rivers in the view of some people, can be the mountains and rivers of infinite good, in the view of others, and can be full of depressions of the remaining mountains and rivers. Nature as an aesthetic object itself in fact there is no essential change, the reason why in different people will have such a big difference, completely with the aesthetic subject's state of mind, emotions and their different life experience. However, no matter how different their feelings, as the aesthetic function of art, its role can make the aesthetic subject in the beautiful, or peaceful, or sad, or cool, or majestic, or cold silence of a meaning of the aesthetic experience, so as to get some kind of spiritual relief and solace.
These three aspects are interconnected, because the cognitive and educational role of art is mainly dependent on the emotional guidance and beautiful infection of the subtle realization, and the cultivation of a sense of aesthetics and cultivation of sentiment also plays a cognitive and educational role. As a matter of fact, which function is more clearly manifested in a specific work has its own emphasis. In general, the social role of art is that it can help people understand the world, popularize education, open up civilization, cultivate sentiments, and comprehensively improve the spiritual quality of people, and has an indispensable and important role in the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and material civilization."
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The study of the function of fine art has been a painstaking search for our art seekers.
The derivation of the function of fine arts has always been a topic I would like to study, a comprehensive understanding of the function of painting will certainly go through a long period of understanding. Along with China's rapid economic development in recent years, people's living standards are also improving step by step, people are no longer only satisfied with the enjoyment of material life, for the spiritual level of the requirements are also more and more high. Whether walking in the busy art district or shuttling through the small streets of the city, painting has already gone into people's daily life. It is valuable and meaningful for us painters to study the function of painting and practice it through application.
1. Classification of Painting Functions
1.1 Interactive Functions of Painting
In my opinion, the functions of paintings are divided into social functions, cultural functions, economic functions and so on. In my opinion, the functions of painting are generally divided into several categories, such as social functions, cultural functions, and economic functions, etc. Further subdivided into subdivided categories, the social functions include: political education function, aesthetic function (including self-indulgence function), environmental beautification and decoration function, etc. Cultural functions include: cultural heritage function, cultural exchange function, scientific research function, educational function. Economic functions include: economic construction function, commodity function. Although the function of painting can be subdivided into boxes, but in practice, often several painting function roles are intertwined, such as the economic function of painting in the economic function of economic construction, often inseparable from the social function of painting in the environmental beautification and decoration function. These various roles played by painting in society are often complementary.
1.2 The political edification function of painting
First of all, the political edification function of painting, "Zuo Zhuan" has recorded: ? In the past, Xia's virtue is also far away from the graphics, tribute to the gold nine pastoral, casting tripods like things, a hundred things for the preparation, so that the people know that the gods are treacherous? More than three thousand years ago, the Shang and Zhou bronzes above those dragons, phoenixes, kui, taotie, tigers, cows, goats, elephants and other exaggerated patterns not only play a decorative role, but also play a role in educating people to warn them, it let the people at that time (including slaves) know what is good and evil, what is God and treachery, in the bronzes above the carvings of the many admired dragons, phoenixes, and some of the people's revered moral models and other patterns, these patterns in addition to play a decorative role, the people's moral values. In addition to the role of decorating the bronze, these patterns also played a role in indoctrination. The ruler taught his people in this way, and the law-abiding and disciplined models could be admired by the future generations. This should be the first time that the edifying function of paintings was recognized by people. In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, frescoes began to flourish in the halls. The frescoes of this period were not only decorative patterns, but also figure frescoes began to enter the stage of history. Since then, figure painting gradually became the main theme of early Chinese painting. By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, the scope of figure painting began to expand, the content of not only the monarch, but also the generals and ministers, and became a social trend.
1.3 The Cultural Function of Painting
Besides the cultural function of painting, in the Tang Dynasty, the educative function of painting was well known, and the status of painting was greatly improved. Zhang Yanyuan's "on painting" recorded "the painting, into the education, to help people, poor God, measuring the subtle, and six books with the same work" at this time the status of the painting has been on a par with? The status of painting at this time was already on a par with that of poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, music, spring and autumn. The. In the early years of the Tang dynasty, most of the artists engaged in court painting is not specialized in painting, such as Yan Lide, Yan Liben are the Ministry of work will be made master craftsmen, Ministry of work. But Wu Daozi is because of the painting and career,? Cover Wu Daozi first for the Hanlin Academy enshrinement, the 26th year of Kaiyuan changed Hanlin bachelor, and imitation of the Hongwenkan, the guidance of apprenticeship is also known as the internal teaching doctor? Visible, high level of painting can also be? Learning and excellence in the service? The cultural function of painting in the Tang and Song dynasties is particularly significant, and even more so, the Northern Song Dynasty, Zheng Man, a petty official, was included in the history of admonition because of the painting. At the time of Wang Anshi's change of law, catching up with the years of drought, the victims everywhere, coupled with the improper implementation of the new law, the people can not speak. Zheng Man knew that Wang Anshi's grammar was difficult to admonish, so he drew a picture of what he saw. All painted as a picture of what he saw. The Emperor of Song saw Zheng Man's book, which was sent to the palace as a secret document. When Emperor Shenzong of Song saw Zheng Man's picture of the displaced people, he ordered the government to open a warehouse to provide relief the next day, and Zheng Man himself was listed in the official history. In the Tang Dynasty, the majority of the people who served in the court due to their superior painting skills. Other court painters of the Tang dynasty included Zhang Xuan, Zhou Fang, and Cheng Xiu. Zhang Xuan was Zhou Fang's teacher, Zhou Fang was Cheng Xiu's teacher, and all three were court painters in the Tang Dynasty, so I don't know if there is any inside story, but I have no way to find out.
2. Derivation of the function of painting
When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, due to the strength of the country, most of the themes of the paintings at this time are to promote the national prestige, the paintings at this time play the function of political propaganda to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the country is declining, and the theme of the court paintings turned to depict the colorful life of the women in the court. Since then the self-indulgent function of painting began? The first tip of the small lotus? The first tip of the tip of the small lotus is emerging. In this period, the court figure painting has been unprecedented development, this period in addition to the emergence of a large number of depictions of the court women's figures, there is also a part of the painting room depicting the diplomatic situation of the Tang Dynasty, there are depictions of the Tang Dynasty, the Son of Heaven to receive foreign ambassadors, there are also depictions of the Tang Dynasty ambassadors to the foreign countries. By the Song Dynasty, painters often lived with poets in the same person, in addition to court painters, often ? Painting is not for people, just for self-entertainment? Many scholars regarded painting as aesthetic and self-indulgence of an elegant activity. Painting self-entertainment theory, not only cultivate people's sentiments, but also promote the development of Chinese painting.
Many paintings of the Tang Dynasty influenced many painters since the Tang Dynasty, and painters after the Tang Dynasty drew nourishment from these works handed down, and then formed their own school of painting, influencing painters since him, which has been enjoyed by future generations. After the Tang, in a certain sense, tomb murals acted as part of the written word. In a certain sense, painting and text, like, play a role in the transmission of culture.
3. The Functions of Painting in the New Era
In general, the social and cultural functions of painting are interspersed and intertwined. The functions of painting are also gradually increasing with the development of the times. The comprehensive expansion of the painting function is after the reform and opening up, with the rapid and stable development of China's economy, the material life is constantly upgraded at the same time, the socialist spiritual culture has also been comprehensively developed, and gave birth to a lot of cultural cultivation. Under the premise that the educational and edifying function, cultural inheritance and communication function, aesthetic function and self-indulgence function of painting continue to continue, the commodity function, scientific research function, economic construction function and environmental beautification function of painting have also gradually ascended to the stage of history and become more and more important to people. In recent years, there have been a majority of cultural people to enter the commercial profession, painting plays the most critical role in this, to promote urban culture, purify the urban environment, improve the quality of the public as the theme of the cultural wall all over the corners of the coastal cities. To beautify the indoor environment, low-carbon environmental protection as the theme of the mural has been a number of large hotels and leisure venues, to highlight the owner's cultural taste, improve the living environment, improve the aesthetic appeal as the theme of small murals have also entered the homes of many ordinary people. Along with the continuous development of China's economy, the function of painting will be more and more, and painting will certainly contribute to the development of China's economy and the improvement of the spiritual level of people's lives.
References
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[2]Shao Hong. The concept of art history [M]. China Academy of Fine Arts Press, 2003.
[3] Tao Bohua. Frontiers of Aesthetics [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2007.
[4]Wu Mengfu. Theory of Chinese Painting [M]. Anhui Fine Arts Publishing House, 2005.