Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple, Huang Shougong dedication of the land built to comply with Huang Shougong and his descendants for the Tangyue Lord. The temple was built in the Tang dynasty arch two years (AD 686), Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan twenty-six years (AD 733), renamed Kaiyuan Temple. The temple has many famous monks, and there are two famous East and West Pagodas and other landscapes in the temple. At present, it is a national key cultural relics protection unit, one of the top ten scenic spots in Fujian Province, and one of the eighteen scenic spots in Quanzhou.
I, built the temple legend
Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple of Tangyue Lord Huang Shougong, for the Regulus yellow emperor son of the bear after.
Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple scenic photos (16) according to the "Jiangxia Ziyun Huang Dacheng genealogy" records, Huang Shougong for the first ancestor of the Huang family name of the 112th descendant, was born in 629 A.D., died in 712 A.D.. Huang Shougong was a government official in Quanzhou (it is also said that Huang Shougong's family planted mulberry and raised silkworms, and was the earliest pioneer of mulberry and silkworm industry in Quanzhou), and he became a very rich man, with three hundred and sixty farms of land. A monk named Kuanggu Zenji, Huang Shougong to seek land to build a temple, Huang did not give. Huang refused to give him the land to build a temple, so he came to Huang Shougong in the morning and went to Huang Shougong in the evening, and he was very attentive to him. Huang Shougong said to Kuangguo Zen Master: If you want my land, wait until the mulberry tree in my backyard blooms. I will give you my land. Kuang Gu Zen Master went away happily. The next day, Zen Master Kuang Gu came again and said to Huang Shougong, "The mulberry tree in your backyard has blossomed a lotus flower, please go and enjoy it. When Huang saw the flower, he was quite upset and wanted to brush off his words. The monk left without a trace. The monk was not able to see the flowers for three years, and the mulberry tree bloomed for three years.
Public (according to: Huang Shougong) sighed: this monk is very human. It is a list of streets to find. Monk suddenly arrived. Public worship said, the previous statement has been issued, so the wish, but unknown land to a few? Monk said, a robe shadow is enough. The monk said, "A surplice shadow is enough. Monk to the robe thrown to half a day, three hundred and sixty Zhuangdi all rows of shade, Huang Shougong dedication to build a temple, in Tang Chinggong two years (686 AD) began, has built the Lotus Temple, Xingjiao Temple, Longxing Temple (Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Xuanzheng Kaiyuan twenty-six years, 738 AD, renamed the Kaiyuan Temple). Because of its place often purple clouds cover the ground (another temple said the temple's hall was built, suddenly the sky fell purple clouds cover the ground, resulting in the hall in front of the court more than 1,300 years of grass can not be reproduced. This historical case, became the 1992 "UFO exploration" magazine's UFO sites to explore the object), the big book purple clouds two words revealed in the door. Kaiyuan Temple of the land is Huang Shougong dedication, the temple built Tangyue Ancestral Temple, dedicated to Huang Shougong's Locust, to comply with Huang Shougong and his descendants as the Lord of Tangyue.
Two, the temple attractions
1, the Hall of the Heavenly King
Kaiyuan Temple of the mountain gate, also known as the Hall of the Heavenly King. It was built in the Tang Wu Zetian three years (AD 687), before and after there have been several fires and reconstruction, the existing building is the Republic of fourteen years (AD 1925) construction. Everyone first please look at the stone column: the upper and lower ends of the slightly thin, thicker in the middle, pike-shaped, the scientific name of the pike column, according to evidence for the Tang Dynasty style of stone columns, the age has been very far away. Stone pillar also hangs a wooden couplet this place is known as the Buddha, full of saints. This is the Southern Song Dynasty, the great rationalist Zhu Xi compiled, modern monk Hongyi written. It is a true portrayal of Quanzhou, an ancient city with strong religious and cultural colors. Sitting on both sides of the Hall of Heavenly Kings is configured according to the Buddhist Tantric rules and regulations of the Mithra Vajra and the King of Brahma. They are angry eyes and chest, the shape of the very majestic, and general temple sculpture of the four vajra has a big difference, some people playfully called them for humming ha two generals.
2, worship pavilion
Crossing the mountain gate to the worship pavilion. We can see the rising east and west tower and spacious and bright east and west corridors arranged symmetrically on both sides, and we are located in the center axis of the temple. Buddhism has been introduced to China for more than a thousand years, and blossomed in China, and Chinese culture into one. The layout of the temple highlights the ancient architecture of China's south as the honor and the central axis of the main features. Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple map
This data is from Baidu map, the final results are based on Baidu map data.
3, worship court
This large stone court in front of the worship pavilion is a worship court where no mortal grass grows for ancient and modern officials and people to worship and activities. On the twenty-sixth day of the lunar calendar, this place is crowded with people, chanting, a scene of Quannan Buddhist country, perhaps also because of this day does not charge admission, attracting a lot of tourists to visit on this day. On both sides of the stone court are eight 200 to 800 years old banyan trees, shaded and intertwined, adding to the quiet and solemn atmosphere of the Kaiyuan Temple. Under the trees are 11 ancient sutra blocks of different forms from the Tang, Song and Ming dynasties, small stupas and two _____. The court also set up a 3-meter-high stone furnace burning silk, cover knob carved squat mythical animal, the furnace body carved around the dragon, auspicious clouds, lotus petals, trailing grass and other decorations, the shape of the beautiful, exquisite carvings. Furnace slightly behind the two sides, there are two Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing 15 years (1145 AD) Quanzhou South Liu Sanniang donated the construction of India Zui plug wave of square stone tower, tower carved with Prince Sa Hammer gave up his life to feed the tiger's story, is a trace left by Hinduism in the Southern Song Dynasty.
4, Maharishi Treasure Hall
In the central axis of the main building, is in front of this Maharishi Treasure Hall. Because of the legend that when the hall was built there were purple clouds covering the ground, so it is also known as the Purple Cloud Hall. Above the hall this huge plaque is written with the Sanglian Dharma four WeiBei style Daheng, in order to be SangKaiWhite Lotus said. As early as in the early Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou has produced silk. This piece of land was originally the mulberry tree garden of Huang Shougong, a wealthy man, and later donated to Master Kuangguo to build a temple. About this incident, there is a very moving legend: one day, Huang Shougong dreamed of a monk to him to raise land to build a temple, he said that when the mulberry trees bloom white lotus flowers will be offered to the land bond. A few days later, full of mulberry trees really bloom white lotus, Huang Shougong y moved by the boundless Buddha, really donated this mulberry garden. In fact, Huang Shougong was a kind and charitable people, mulberry open white lotus is said to be people adore Buddha, attached to it, but this miraculous legend for the people of Quanzhou, passed down from generation to generation, and thus the Kaiyuan Temple also got the mulberry and lotus Dharma world's reputation.
Da Xiong Bao Dian was built in the Tang Dynasty in the second year (686 AD), has been through the Tang, Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming several disasters and reconstruction, the existing building is the Ming Dynasty Chongzhen ten years (1637 AD) relics. The hall is 20 meters high, nine rooms wide, six rooms deep, with an area of 1,387.75 square meters, the hall out of the arch of the profound, majestic appearance, preserving the Tang Dynasty macro-model giant, majestic architectural style.
The main hall is enshrined in the center of the Imperial statue of Buddha Vishnu Shakyamuni Buddha, the Chinese translation of the Dainichi Rulai, is the highest God of Buddhism Tantric. On both sides of the five generations of the King's trial _ repair of the hall when the four additional sculpture Buddha, in order of the Eastern Fragrant World A _ Buddha, the southern world of joy is the Buddha of the treasure, the western world of bliss Amitabha Buddha, the northern world of Lotus achievement Buddha, collectively referred to as the five sides of the Buddha, also known as the five wisdom of Rulai. These five Buddha gold glittering, clear clothing lines, God looks kind, solemn, hands respectively for saying, giving and, receiving, meditation and other phases, craftsmanship exquisite, breathtaking. Five Buddha's co-conspirators are Manjushri, Puxian, Ananda, Ka Ye, and Guanyin, Shizi, Weixiang, Guan Yu, Brahma King, Emperor and other celestial bodhisattvas, 0 gods **** 10 honors. In the main hall after the center enshrines the tantric six Guanyin of the first seat of the Holy Guanyin, as well as the good talent, the dragon lady and the two wings of the eighteen luohan of different deities. The successive generations of abbots of the Kaiyuan Temple have converted to different sects : there are the Dharma Sect, the Ruling Sect, the Pure Land Sect, the Tantric Sect, the Zen Sect and other sects, while the Great Hall has managed to maintain this rare regulation, which is both praiseworthy and worthy of study.
The Da Xiong Bao Dian also has the elegant name of the Hall of One Hundred Pillars. The whole hall was originally planned to set up a hundred pillars, but later, because of the need to place Buddha statues and make room for Buddhist pilgrims, the honing beams were lengthened and the standing pillars were reduced, making it a hundred-pillar hall with 86 pillars. Chongzhen ten years (A.D. 1637), the right Counselor, Press Secretary Zeng Sakura and General Zheng Zhilong to rebuild the Kaiyuan Temple Ziyun Hall, the wooden pillars of which all replaced by stone pillars. The pillar forms of the Hall of 100 Pillars are colorful and diverse, with begonia-style pillars, round pillars, and square pillars from the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. Lengshuo columns, coiled dragon columns and so on. Especially in the hall between the eaves of the gallery that pair of 16 angular pyroxene stone columns, carved with ancient India and Ceylon circulated in ancient Hinduism, the great god Krishna's story and floral patterns 24, arousing the great interest of Chinese and foreign scholars. It is the same as the 72 sphinxes and lions in relief in front of the temple at the girdle of the moon platform's Sumeru seat, which were moved from the ruined Yuan Dynasty Main Hindu Temple when the temple was repaired. They are the historical witnesses of Quanzhou's prosperous overseas transportation and friendly exchanges between Chinese and foreign cultures during the Song and Yuan dynasties.
In the five square Buddha in front of the stone column and honed beam joint times, there are two rows facing each other 24 body fat, ornate decoration, colorful, wings stretching the heavenly maiden, Sanskrit Pinja (that is, the Myriad Birds). According to the Buddhist scriptures: this bird vocalization subtle, immortal voice elegant, even the god of song tighten the God are not as good as her. They are the Buddha's attendants, and craftsmen and craftsmen to their lower body embedded in the mortise and tenon, under the claws and feet exposed, the upper half of the body forward, head up, half-partial, Cherry Lo ring shin embryo, arms stretched out, wrist with taming bracelets, hand stick four treasures, fruit snacks, silk bamboo and strings, fluttering like a fairy. They not only give people the artistic enjoyment of beauty, and used in place of the arch, relying on the thick honed beams, reducing its oversized span, extremely skillful integration of religion, art and architecture, it is amazing.
5, Sangpong monument
Hundred pillars of the Hall of the back side of the west, is said to have opened the white lotus of the thousand-year-old mulberry tree, that is, Sangpong monument. See its old look, we all believe that it has more than a thousand years old, on whether it has opened the white lotus mostly not to pursue. However, under the old mulberry tree, there is an old stone tablet, which seems to be true. In 1925, a thunderstorm, the old mulberry tree was split by lightning for three, one of the skills fell to the ground, so the monks will be a piece of granite to support it, and engraved with a couplet of this pair of lotus dying arch two years, the support of the order not to be bad in order to full of its day, the old mulberry tree really miraculously survived, and the branches and leaves, youthful glow. A few years ago, the wind will be the tree from the rock blowing down to the ground, the end of the people wait for people to plant again, it has landed on the roots. Now, three trees with the same root of the old mulberry tree is like a blooming flower, to the north, east and south of the three directions to extend away, all year round, lush green.
6, manna altar
The manna altar behind the main hall, built on the second step of the central axis. It is said that during the Tang Dynasty, this place is often descending manna, a monk named Xingzhao so dug a well of manna here. In the third year of Beilai Tientsin (1019 AD), an altar was built on top of the well, which became known as the Manna Abstinence Altar. Southern Song Dynasty Jianyan two years (A.D. 1108) Dun_monk that the altar does not meet the norms, and according to the "Nanshan Tujing" altered to five levels, between the height of the wide and narrow are strictly limited. After the Yuan, Ming many times rebuilt, the existing building is the Qing Kangxi five years (AD 1666) rebuilt four eaves octagonal pointed structure. Altar top of the center of the algal well using Ruyi arch, overlapping on the collection, such as spider webs, like back to the pattern of brocade, the structure is complex and sophisticated. The altar around the column arch and paved for the 24 honors between the flying Geisha, wearing colorful belts, holding a lute, two strings, hole Xiao, ringing the board, singing and dancing, fluttering as if flying. They and the 100 columns of the Hall of the same frequency, both architectural treasures, but also the study of the South Sound and the South Theater is a very valuable image of the data.
The algal well is divided into five levels. The altar of the top layer of the Ming Dynasty Rushena Buddha wooden statue, which sits on a lotus pedestal with a thousand lotus petals, each lotus leaf on the carving of a 6-centimeter-sized statue of the Buddha, very subtle. Rushena around the various layers of the service of the vajra hook, vajra rope, vajra bell, vajra locks four Bodhisattvas, and Shakyamuni, Amitabha, Hanshan, Shide, thousands of hands of Guanyin's and the Weishauptian generals, such as the 24 Bodhisattvas statues. Among them, especially the eight vajra statues for the best. Their angry eyes and hair, bare feet and bare chest, appear incomparably majestic. Around the altar seat of the girdle at the protection of the three converts, the protection of the five precepts of the various gods king 64. Precepts altar is a Buddhist precepts place, this mysterious and solemn atmosphere, is to make people reverence, all thoughts are extinguished, a heart to convert. It is said that this kind of altar has been few and far between in the country. It is often said that things are rare and expensive, so we are lucky to have the opportunity to see it. Kaiyuan Temple landscape pictures
7, the Tibetan scripture pavilion
After the altar, there is the Tibetan scripture pavilion known as the Hundred Treasures Building. Here is the original law hall, is the Yuan Dynasty to Yuan twenty-two years (AD 1285), the monk record Liu Jianyi construction. It was rebuilt many times during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and in 1925, the monk Yuan Ying remodeled it into a two-story pavilion with a concrete and wood-like structure. The downstairs is now a place for monks to recite sutras and collect more than 3700 volumes of various versions of sutras on the upper floor. In the Five Dynasties, the King of Fujian, Wang Shenzhi, was on the throne and dominated the border of Fujian, purely by chance. Therefore, after he became the King of Fujian, he made a connection with the Buddha, had a great faith, made a great vow, and converted his heart to Buddhism, in order to seek a psychological balance. He has given up money millions of coins to build the hall and other buildings, and collect 10,000 taels of gold and silver, research fine for the mud, please open the temple Yiying master wrote two gold and silver "great collection of sutra", now the second floor is still preserved the remnants of the page. There are also the Dharma Flower Sutra written in blood by Venerable Master Ruzhao of the Yuan Dynasty and the Bayeux Sutra in Tamil. They are precious Buddhist texts in China. Besides, the Sutra Pavilion also preserves cultural relics of all generations from the Sheng Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China. Among them, there are 32 statues of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, Lohan, Heavenly Kings and Divine Generals of various sizes in jade, bronze, porcelain and wood from various generations. The handwriting and wooden board couplets of famous writers such as Zhang Ruitu, a great calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty, and Venerable Hongyi, a high priest of modern times, are also treasured here. The hall on the first floor also houses 12 square bells dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty, of which a particularly valuable one is the iron bell placed by the Lugang Suburb Public in the 17th year of the Qing Dynasty's Daoguang period (1837 A.D.), on which are cast the inscriptions of the 46 merchant firms of the Lugang Suburb that traded with Quanzhou, making it a very valuable material for the study of Taiwan's and Quanzhou's economic histories.
8, East and West Pagoda
Brief description Towering in the square on both sides of the court of worship, about 200 meters apart octagonal five-story pavilion-style imitation wood structure stone tower is the Quanzhou East and West Pagoda, which is an important cultural relics of the Temple of Enlightened Beginnings. It is the tower of the majestic, the shape of the marvelous, architectural workmanship and exquisite carving and reputation of the world, attracting countless Chinese and foreign scholars and tourists since the Song Dynasty to come to visit, viewing, speculation and research.
East Pagoda
East Pagoda Zhenguo Pagoda, Xiantong six years (865 AD) by the advocate of the construction of Wen_Zen master built five-story wooden tower. Before and after several times after the destruction and reconstruction, easy wood for brick. To Jiaxi two years (AD 1238) this Hong master only easy brick for stone, and then by the law of the right master, Tianxi master, before and after ten years to complete. East tower height of 48.24 meters, the tower plan is divided into corridor, the outer wall, the tower corridor and the tower center octagonal column four parts. The tower is a frame-type structure. The center of the tower center column straight through the layers, is the support of the whole tower. The eight corners of the tower center column on each floor are set up with stone beams, which are connected to the 2-meter-thick tower wall and leaning columns, and the top columns are supported by Chinese arches to narrow the span of the stone beams. Stone beams and beams like axe chiseling, mortise and tenon joints, so that the tower center and the tower wall of the stress connection is dependent on the formation of a single body, greatly strengthening the solidity of the tower. The walls of the pagoda are made of granite, which was processed and carved, and stacked in a crisscross pattern with precise calculations and meticulous construction. The solid foundation, equipped with a solid tower core that conforms to the principles of mechanics, has made this building weighing more than 10,000 tons immovable despite more than 700 years of wind and rain. A.D. 1604, the eight earthquake, also could not shake its foundation. The stone tower is not only strong, but also exquisite shape. The eaves of the tower are curved to the outside, the eaves are high, so that the tower body has a flying posture, appearing light. Each layer has four doors and four niches, interchangeable layer by layer. This is not only the average dispersion of gravity, but also make the tower appearance more vivid and beautiful. The eaves of each layer of the tower is tied to a copper dor, when the breeze blowing, dor 1 sound ding dong, pleasant to the ear. The top of the tower has eight large iron chain, linking the eight horns and the top of the brake, appearing majestic, purple shaking. Each layer of the tower wall is also engraved with sixteen reliefs, respectively, engraved with human and celestial multiplication, sound multiplication, rim multiplication, bodhisattva multiplication and the Buddha multiplication, *** counting 80 lifelike figures statues. The knife work is delicate, smooth lines, skillful workmanship. East Tower has been elected in 1997, the country's four famous pagodas stamps, can be called: the king of the stone tower.
West Tower
West Tower Renshou Tower. Five Dynasties Liang Zhenming three years (A.D. 917) Wang Shenzhi from Fuzhou pan-sea wood to Quanzhou to build this tower, initially known as the Immeasurable Life Tower. BeiLaiZhengHe four years (A.D. 1114 years) asked to give the name RenShou tower, before and after the destruction and repair many times, easy wood for brick, to the SongShaodingyuan years to JiaXi yuan years (A.D. 1228 - 1237 years) by the self-certification of the master easy brick for stone, before the east tower was built ten years. The West Pagoda is 44.06 meters high, slightly lower than the East Pagoda, its scale and the East Pagoda is almost identical. Only the reliefs of the male bearded Goddess of Mercy and the monkey walker have attracted extensive interest from tourists and scholars.
Evaluation
Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple Stone Pagoda is China's ancient stone architectural treasures. In terms of the architectural scale, shape and technique of the stone pagoda, it can be said to be exquisite. It fully embodies the high wisdom and great creativity of the Song Dynasty laborers. It is not only one of the best stone towers in China, but also one of the best in the world. It is not only a symbol of the unprecedented prosperity of society during the heyday of overseas transportation in Quanzhou in the Middle Ages, but also a unique symbol of the famous historical and cultural city of Quanzhou. Now, the East-West Pagoda shadow sculpture has become a precious gift for the city's top leaders to present to their guests. Therefore, it can be said that the East and West Pagodas have become the symbol of Quanzhou. It is not only the pride of Quanzhou people, but also the countryside shadow envisioned by overseas compatriots and Taiwan compatriots. Even people who have not been to Quanzhou are often said: to be a person to stand like the East-West Tower, lying like Luoyang Bridge, visible East-West Tower in their minds the weight.
6, Anping Bridge
Commonly known as the five-mile bridge, in Jinjiang Anhai and Nanan head of the junction of the bay. Song Shaoxing eight years (1138) was built, thirteen years later.
It is China's longest surviving seaport boulder bridge, the whole bridge is 2255 meters long, 3-3.8 meters wide, 361 piers, the bridge has a water heart Pavilion, the building Pavilion, in the Pavilion, the rain Pavilion, the Palace Pavilion and other five. The east end of the bridge has a white tower, 22 meters high, five-story hexagonal hollow brick tower, coated with white ash. High tower and long bridge, reflecting each other.
In March 1961, Wuli Bridge announced as a national key cultural relics protection units. In recent years, a large sum of money to repair the bridge piers, bridge boards, repair three bridge pavilions, bridge towers and bridge railings. Digging out the bridge on both sides of the silt, restore the water reflecting the beauty of the long bridge, the bridge downstream of the present highway and gate bridge, the traffic is more convenient.
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