Chinese Name: Archaeological Site of Troy
English Name: Archaeological Site of Troy
Country: Turkey
Continent:Asia
Approval: 1998
Criteria for approval:
In 1998, the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List according to Criteria C(II), (III), (VI) of the Cultural Heritage Selection Criteria. Report on the evaluation of the property: Report of the 22nd session of the World Heritage Committee.
Troy is also called "Ilion". Ancient Greek colonial city. Built by the ancient Greeks around the sixteenth century BC. Located in the western tip of Asia Minor Peninsula, Hellespont (i.e. Dardanelles) southeast. It is known as Hissarlik in present-day Turkey. It was quite prosperous between the thirteenth and twelfth centuries BC. At the beginning of the 12th century BC, Mycenae and the Greek city-states formed a coalition army and crossed the sea to conquer Troy. The war lasted for ten years and was known as the "Trojan War", for which Troy is famous. The city was left in ruins during the war. Homer's epic poem "The Iliad" recounts the events of this war. According to legend, the city of Troy was finally conquered by the Greeks using the "Trojan Horse". In the nineteenth century, archaeological excavations yielded a large number of antiquities.
The remains of the city of Troy is an ancient Turkish city located in the south of ?anakkale, north of the Dardanelles, situated at the foot of the gentle Castle Hill. Here the mountains are verdant, flowing water, citrus trees and olive trees all over the mountains, red tile and white walled farmhouses dotted in between, is a typical rural scenery of the Aegean region of Turkey.
Troy was built around the 16th century BC for the ancient Greeks to cross the sea, and was quite prosperous in the 13th century BC to the 12th century BC. The excavation of the ruins of the city of Troy began in the mid-19th century and continued into the 1930s of this century. Archaeologists found the remains of the city of Troy from 3000 B.C. to 400 A.D., which belonged to nine periods, and the temple of Athena from 400 A.D. during the period of the Roman Empire as well as the ruins of the council chamber, marketplace, and theater in the 30-meter-deep strata of the ground. These buildings have collapsed and fallen, but judging from the remaining walls and stone pillars, they are quite majestic. There is a castle dating from 2600 to 2300 BC, with a diameter of more than 120 meters, which contained the king's palace and other buildings. In a royal treasury, many gold and silver jewels and bronzes were found, with pottery in red and brown colors. Stone tools, bone tools and pottery spinning wheels were also unearthed. The ruins of Troy, a burnt-out city with a 5-meter stone wall, contained a large number of plainly shaped, geometrically painted colored pottery and other household utensils.
It was here that the "Trojan Horse", an epic poem by the ancient Greek poet Homer in the 9th century BC, took place. Prince Paris of Troy was a guest at the palace of Menelaus, the Greek king of Sparta, and was treated with great hospitality by Menelaus, but Paris abducted Menelaus' wife. Menelaus and his brothers decided to crush Troy. Since the city of Troy was strong and difficult to defend, the attack was unsuccessful for 10 years. In the end, the hero Odyssey offered a plan to let the Mycenaean soldiers burn down the tents, boarded the warships to leave, creating the illusion of retreating back to the country, and intentionally left a huge wooden horse underneath the city, the Trojans dragged the wooden horse into the city as a victory product, and that night just as the Trojans were celebrating the victory with vinegar songs and drinks, the Mycenaean soldiers who were hidden in the wooden horse quietly slipped out, opened the gates of the city, and let in the Greek army which had long been ambushed outside the city, and the result was that Troy was reduced to ruins overnight. As a result, Troy was reduced to ruins overnight. Homer's epic recounts this story, which has become a famous piece of literature and art in Western countries.
Not far from the ruins of Troy, there is a museum, which is the only one in Turkey that collects Trojan artifacts. The museum is small and displays very few artifacts because a large number of valuable artifacts that were once excavated have been stolen by Western artifact thieves, including the treasury of King Priamos and Helen's necklace. Nevertheless, the ruins of Troy are still a fascinating place to visit. Now Troy has become one of Turkey's tourist attractions, and it draws thousands of visitors.
[edit]★A war associated with it
(a) Helen of Sparta/Helen of Troy
Tyndareus, king of Sparta, was expelled from his kingdom by his brother Hippocoon, and Tyndareus wandered Tyndareus wandered to the kingdom of Thetisios, king of Aetolia, and married Leda, the king's daughter. Later, after another hero, Heracles, defeated Hippocrene and killed all his sons, Tyndareus and his wife Leda returned to rule Sparta. They had four children, Clytemnestra and Castor by Tyndareus, and Polydeuces and the beautiful Helen by Leda and Zeus.
Helen's beauty was so great that even Theseus, the hero of Attica, tried to steal her. Tyndareus is overwhelmed by the succession of suitors and the infighting that ensues, but finally the witty suitor Odysseus advises Tyndareus: "Let Helen decide for herself, and let all the suitors swear that they will never take up arms against Helen's husband, and that they will do all in their power to help him when he asks for help." When all the suitors agreed, Helen chose Menelaus, the handsome son of Atreus.
When Tyndareus died, Menelaus became king of Sparta.
(2) The Golden Apples at the Wedding Banquet
Aegina, the daughter of Zeus and Asopus, the god of the river, gave birth to a son, Aeacus, who in turn gave birth to the famous hero, Peleus, and the hero, Telamon, who was the brother of Peleus and a close friend of Heracles. Peleus and Telamon fled because of jealousy and killed their half-brother Phocus. Peleus hid in Phthia, where the hero Eurytion took him in and gave him one-third of the country and his daughter Antigone as his wife. However, he accidentally killed Eurytion during a hunt in Calydon. He came again to Iolcus, where the wife of the king's Acastus fell in love with him, and the king's wife failed in her courtship and framed Peleus. Acastus took advantage of the fact that Peleus was sleeping on Mount Pelion to put away his sword and have him killed by centaurs. However, with the help of the centaur Chiron, he recovered his sword and fought off the other savage centaurs. In retaliation, Peleus, with the help of Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, captured Iolcos and killed Acastus and his wife.
At this point, Prometheus, the Titan god, told Zeus that marrying Tethys/Thetis would give birth to an overthrower of Zeus, so he persuaded Zeus to marry Tethys to Peleus, and that their child would be a great hero, but only on condition that Peleus defeat Tethys first. Peleus knew this and hid in the cave where Thetis used to rest and caught her when she was not aware of it. Thetis did not let go of her, no matter how much she turned into a lioness, a water snake or a sea water, and Peleus won.
All the gods celebrated the wedding of the two in the cave of the centaur Cajun, only the goddess of discord Eris (Eris) was not invited to participate in, Eris was not angry to think of a trick, from the orchard of Hesperides (Hesperides) picked a golden apple, and wrote "to the most beautiful goddess" and threw it on the feast! The three goddesses, Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, each took it for granted that they would recognize it. Zeus refused to judge, so the three of them took the apple to Mount Ida to find Paris, the handsome son of King Priamus of Troy, to make a decision.
(3) The Judgment of Paris
Paris was the son of Priamus and Hecuba. Before his mother gave birth to him, she had a nightmare that the land of Troy was baptized by fire, and the prophet complained that Hecuba's son would destroy Troy. Therefore, Priamos ordered his servant Aglaos to bring the child to Mount Ida and abandon him. He was so strong and protective of the herd and his friends that they called him Alexander, meaning "amazing man".
At this time, three goddesses came to Paris to make a decision, and all three goddesses tempted her with prizes. Hera promised him the king of Asia, Athena gave him the highest military honor, and Aphrodite gave him the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen, as her wife.
Afterwards, Paris returned to Troy to participate in the games of the heroes, even Hector lost to him, Priamus's son despised Paris, in which Deiphobus (Deiphobus) even drew his sword and wanted to kill him, Paris went to Zeus's altar to ask for shelter, the altar of Priamus's daughter, the prophet Cassandra (Cassandra) recognized him, and she immediately recognized Paris. She immediately recognized Paris. Priamos is very happy, although Cassandra warns him that Paris is a curse and Priamos does not listen.
After becoming a prince, Paris is instigated by Aphrodite to take a ship to Sparta to find Helen, and another son of Priamus, the prophet Helenus, warns Paris, but he ignores him. He came to the shores of Laconia and disembarked with his friend Aeneas to visit the Spartan king Menelaus as his guest, and at the feast Paris and Helen had fallen in love with each other. After a few days, Menelaus said to go to Crete (Crete), before leaving, asked Helen to take good care of guests. As soon as Menelaos left, Paris instigated Helen to leave her husband and go to Troy with him, and Helen abandoned everything for love, including her daughter Hermione. On the way back, Nereus, the god of the sea, suddenly stops the ship and tells them that they will have to pay the price, however, Aphrodite comforts them, and three days later they are back in Troy.
(D) Calling the heroes
As soon as Paris boarded the ship, the gods sent a messenger, Iris, to Crete to find Menelaos. When Menelaos returned to Sparta, he saw that the treasures had been robbed, and after Helen left him, he was furious and looked for his brother, Agamemnon, who advised to call the heroes who had taken an oath that year to join him in attacking Troy. Menelaos accepted the advice and first went to Pylus to see the older king Nestor, who was furious and decided to go on the expedition himself, taking with him his two sons, Thrasymedes and Antilochus. Others included Diomedes, king of Argos and son of Tydeus, Paramedes, king of Euboea, Idomeneus, king of Crete and grandson of Minos, and Philoctetes, a close friend of Heracles. Philoctetes, who possessed the bow and arrows of Heracles, without which the prophets predicted that Troy could not be broken. There were also King Salamis (Salamis), Ajax the Great, son of Telamon (Telamon) and Ajax the Lesser, son of Oileus, the hero who came from Locris, though two were still missing.
Odysseus, the son of King Laertes of Ithaca, who was known for his wit, had just married his wife, Penelope, and given birth to a son, Telemachus, and was unwilling to travel with him. Stor and Palamides came to Ithaca, he pretended to be mad and put the bullock set on the plow to plough the field, and sprinkled salt into the field, Palamides saw his pretense, and put his son on the field, and sure enough Odysseus stopped right in front of the child, and Odysseus had to admit that he was pretending, and had to keep his promise of that year, and from this time on Odysseus hated Palamides, and resolved to have vengeance.
The other one who has not arrived is Achilles, the son of Peleus and Thetis, destined to be a great hero of tragedy. The goddess Thetis knew that Achilles would die in Troy, and when Achilles was a baby, she dipped him in the River Styx, making him invulnerable to weapons. When the news of Menelaos' expedition reached Thetis, she hid Achilles in the palace of Lycomedes on the island of Scyros, but the prophet Calcasus revealed his whereabouts and told them that Achilles was dressed in women's clothes and was not easy to recognize. Odysseus and Diomedes pretended to be merchants, and came to the palace and placed the goods in front of the palace, and the princesses loved to look at the jewels and ornaments, and Achilles was the only one who looked at the weapons. At this time, there was the sound of sword striking, in fact, this is Diodorus outside the palace, Achilles thought there was an enemy immediately take weapons to kill the enemy, so he was recognized, Achilles was happy to be able to participate in the war, he also brought his two friends, the wise man Phoenix (Phoenix) and Patroclus (Patroclus) to the battlefield. Knowing the fate, Peleus gives Achilles the armor given by the gods at his marriage, the horse given by Poseidon, the god of the sea, and the spear of Chiron.
(V) To Troy
The heroes gathered at the harbor of Aulis with an army of 100,000 men and 1,186 ships. Before leaving, they all made sacrifices at the altar on the shore. Suddenly a strange blood-red serpent crawled out from under the altar, which bent in a ring and climbed up a tree, climbed to a bird's nest at the highest part of the tree, ate a female crow and eight chicks, and then turned into a stone. When the people were bewildered, the prophet Calchas revealed the meaning to them, saying that the heroes would have to besiege the city for nine years, and that only in the tenth year would they be able to take Troy, and the people rejoiced and set out to Asia.
Soon after the voyage, the Greeks docked at Mysia, which was ruled by Hercules' son, Telaphus. The Greeks thought this was Troy and began to attack the city, and Achilles caused Telaphus to flee back to the city, and in the early morning when the Greeks were cleaning up the bodies, they realized they were fighting allies rather than the Trojans, and the Greeks made a treaty of peace with Telaphus. As Telephus was the son-in-law of Priamus, he was reluctant to go out to fight his father-in-law, but promised to help the Greeks.
After leaving the shores of Mysia, the heroes encountered a terrible storm, they lost their way, and finally returned to the port of departure, Aulis, where the first action failed, and they hauled all their ships ashore, forming a large military camp on the shore, and many of the heroes returned home, and even the commander-in-chief, Agamemnon, left Aulis, and they could not learn the way to Troy, which was known only to Telephus, but Not long before the Greeks just fought with him, in the battle, Achilles wounded his thigh, the wound pain is unbearable, Telephus went to Delphi to ask Apollo how to heal the wounds, the priestess Pythia (Pythia) said that only Achilles can heal him, he dressed up as a beggar to go to see Agamemnon, he met with Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, Clytemnestra suggested to Telephus, when Agamemnon's wife, she said that the Greeks would not know the way to Troy, but they did not know it. Lefors suggested that when Agamemnon came in, he could pick up Agamemnon's son Orestes from the cradle and threatened to smash the child to pieces if he did not cure his injury. Sure enough, this made Agamemnon very afraid and agreed to cure him because he also knew that only Thelepheus could point out the way to Troy. Odysseus told Achilles that the antidote was the rust on the tip of the spear, which was sprinkled on Telephus's wound and it healed quickly, so Telephus agreed to lead the people to Troy.
But the wind was still blowing against the sea, which was sent by the goddess Artemis because Agamemnon had killed the goddess's deer and made her very angry. The heroes had to wait for the wind to stop, and the prophet Calcas told them that they could only forgive the Greeks if they sacrificed Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia, to the goddess. When Agamemnon learned of this, he preferred to give up the expedition, but Menelaus begged him to give in, and Agamemnon finally gave in, and sent an emissary to rush to Mycenae to hide his wife's betrothal of his daughter to Achilles. When the first messenger left the barracks, Agamemnon regretted sending a second messenger to tell his wife the truth. However, the second messenger was intercepted by Menelaos, who denounced Agamemnon's betrayal, and the two men quarrelled when Clytemnestra and Iphigenia had arrived.
Agamemnon mourns, but pretends to be calm and goes to see his wife and daughter, Iphigenia can see that her father has a hard time, Agamemnon goes out to try to find out if there is any other way to find Calcasieu, as soon as Agamemnon goes out, Achilles comes in and asks to leave or let them go home, and Crutteneustra congratulates this daughter's fiancé, and Achilles does not know what to do, and at this point the second messenger sends her the letter At this point the second messenger tells her the truth, Clytemnestra cries out and asks Achilles to protect her daughter, and Achilles agrees. The soldiers in the camp began to riot when they found out, and Agamemnon was helpless. Odysseus led the soldiers straight to Agamemnon's tent, and Achilles decided to protect Iphigenia to the death.
As the swords are drawn, Iphigenia comes forward and asks for a self-sacrifice and convinces Achilles not to protect her. Achilles nevertheless obeys her will, and Iphigenia walks to the altar, where Talthybios, the herald, orders everyone to remain silent, and Carcas takes out the sacrificial knife and shouts the name of the goddess Artemis, praying for a safe journey. When the knife touched the flame of the maiden, there was a miracle in heaven, and Artemis took Iphigenia away, and the knife touched only a red mare, and everyone rejoiced in the mercy of the goddess, for she had brought Iphigenia to the temple of the goddess on the coast of Euxine Pontus in Tauris, for the purpose of sacrifice. All the soldiers were ready to go.
(6) Nine years before the siege
The Greeks set out again, with calm winds and waves along the way, and were told by the prophets that they had to make a sacrifice to the goddess Chryses on the island of Chryse next to Lemnos in order to make the siege go smoothly, and that Philoctetes knew where the altar was located, and that the leaders followed Philoctetes to the altar on the island. The leaders followed Philoctetes on the island to the altar, when a serpent came out and bit Philoctetes on the foot. The venom of the serpent made Philoctetes' foot ache very badly, and the stench of the serpent overflowed, and he groaned morning and night and caused everyone to grumble, and at last Odysseus suggested that he should be abandoned on the shore of the island of Lemnos, and while Philoctetes slept on the ship the leaders put him between two rocks on the island, and left him with bow and arrows and clothes and food, and Philoctetes was thus taken to the altar. Philoctetes was thus left behind, but because the land of Troy could not be captured without him, the Greeks were obliged to invite him back again in the tenth year of the siege.
The Greeks finally came to the shore of the land of Troy, and the prophets warned that whoever set foot on the shore first would die first. Odysseus, in order to attract the generals to the shore, threw his shield to the shore himself, and nimbly jumped on the shield, and the hero Protesilaus, eager to build up the military success, did not notice Odysseus's trick, and immediately jumped on the shore to kill the enemy. The hero of Troy, Hector, flew with his spear, and he was killed. Everyone was united to kill the enemy, and the Trojans could not withstand it and retreated back to the city. The next day, both sides cease fire to collect the bodies and bury the warriors, then the Greeks towed the ships ashore and built fortifications, Achilles and the tent of the Great Aegean were placed at the two ends of the fortification, in order to defend themselves against sneak attacks, and the Trojans were forced to leave the city, and the Trojans were forced to leave the city. The tents of Agamemnon and Odysseus were located in the center, so that they could lead the whole army. After repairing the fortifications, they sent Menelaos and Odysseus to negotiate with the Trojans, who demanded for the return of their treasures and Helen, and the Trojans were ready to accept all the demands, but Paris was the first one to refuse to do so, and some of his brothers supported him, and Antimachus, who had been bribed by the Trojans, even demanded for the arrest of Menelaos and his death. Antimachus, who had been bribed, even called for the arrest and death of Menenius. The Trojan prophet Helenus was even encouraged to say that the gods would let Troy win, and finally the Trojans refused to make peace and the war began.
The Greeks began a siege of the city, and attacked it three times without success. The Trojans did not dare to attack the city, so the Greeks had to invade the nearby city-states, which included the islands of Thenedos (Tenedos), Lesbos (Lesbos), Pedas, and Lyrniseus. Among them, Thebe of Peotia was also occupied, the city was governed by Eatcon, the father of Andromache, the wife of Hector. Achilles killed seven brothers of Andromache in one day and captured Chryseis and Briseis, the daughters of Chryseis, the priest of Apollo, who was given to Agamemnon by the Greeks. Chryseis and Briseis, and the Greeks gave Chryseis to Agamemnon.
During these nine years, many Greek heroes died in battle, including the hero Pallamides, who made countless contributions to the Greeks. However, Odysseus, out of jealousy, and when Pallamides exposed Odysseus' trick of pretending to be crazy, Odysseus took advantage of the fact that Pallamides wanted to make peace to falsely accuse him of the crime, and Odysseus hid the gold in his tent, and rumor spread that he had been bought by Priamus. Many people began to believe that Odysseus had forged a document, and when Agamemnon received it, he summoned all the leaders to his tent, including Pallamides, who was sentenced to be stoned to death after being nailed in chains. Pallamides was executed by the sea after pleading for mercy, which led to the revenge of his father, Nauplius, king of Euboea, who at first did not even allow Pallamides to be buried. At first Agamemnon did not even allow the burial of Pallamides' body, however, Daeas did not believe in Pallamides' betrayal and buried him.
(7) The dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon
Finally, in the tenth year of the siege, Apollo's priest, Chryseis, came to the Greek army to plead with Agamemnon to release his daughter Chryseis and was willing to take out a large amount of ransom, but only Agamemnon did not allow it, and scolded Chryseis, who accused Apollo, and then Apollo made the Greek army suffer from plague, and on the tenth day, in the army of the General Assembly, the Greek army was attacked by the Greek army. On the tenth day, in an assembly of the army, Achilles demands that Calchas reveal why the gods are angry, and Calchas, under the protection of Achilles, tells him the truth, and demands that Agamemnon return Chryseis, and Agamemnon is enraged, but in full view of the people he has to comply, but he asks for more prizes and military honors, and has to give up his share to Achilles, Odysseus, and Daeaeus. When Achilles threatens to go home, Agamemnon says he will bring Achilles' slave girl, Briseis, and Achilles is provoked to raise his sword to kill Agamemnon, but Athena stops him because both heroes are important to Hera, and Athena tells Achilles that Agamemnon will soon pay for his ranting, and Achilles goes back to his tent with his friend, Patroclus, in a fury. Odysseus, on the other hand, took Chryseis to the city of Etion to return Chryseis.
While Odysseus was away, Agamemnon really did send the heralds Tartibios and Eurybates to get Briseis, the slave girl of Achilles, and Achilles, realizing that it was all Agamemnon's idea, allowed them to take away his beloved Briseis, and Achilles, heartbroken, cried out to his mother, Thetis, who lived in the sea, and who promised to Zeus Thetis promised to smite him for complaining of Agamemnon's insolence, but as Zeus had gone to a feast to the Ethiopians (Ethiopians), he did not return until twelve days later, and from that day onwards Achilles remained in his tent uninvolved in any battle.
On the twelfth day, Zeus returned to Mt. Olympus, Thetis begged Zeus to let the Trojans win before Agamemnon apologized to Achilles, even though Zeus knew that this would make Hera angry, but in the memory of Thetis in the former gods want to overthrow the Zeus, Thetis had called the hundred-handed giant Briareus helped him, so Zeus did as she wished. Zeus did as she wished. He sent Hypnos, the god of sleep, to give Agamemnon a false dream, so that he would think that the gods had foretold him that the city was about to be destroyed. Agamemnon woke up immediately after the dream to gather all the generals and heroes, he was in the square to test everyone's intentions, announced to everyone to go home, everyone was ecstatic to push the boat to the beach, Hera worried about Agamemnon falsehoods, sent Athena to tell Odysseus to stop the crowd, Odysseus immediately took Agamemnon that symbolizes the highest power of the scepter to order the crowd to return to the square, and finally everyone fish back to the square, the clamor returned to calm, and the city of the city. The clamor returned to silence, except for Thersites, who continued to clamor and stood up to the king, especially against Agamemnon and Achilles, whom he insulted in the square for his selfishness and lack of courage. Odysseus approached him and warned him to shut up, and struck Thetis with his scepter. Odysseus re-energized the Greeks and the army attacked the city of Troy after making a sacrifice to Zeus, however they did not know that Zeus had rejected their sacrifice.
(VIII) Duel between Menelaos and Paris
Iris, the messenger of the gods, took the form of Polites, the son of Priamus, to inform the Trojans of the approach of the Greek army, and the Trojans marched out of the city. He could finally take revenge with his own hands. When Paris saw Menelaos' exuberance, he was so afraid that he shrank next to his friend, and Hector scolded him for being a coward and accused him of being the main culprit of the war, Paris met the battle head-on, and both armies stopped for a moment to calm down, and at this time Menelaos asked Priamus to witness the duel, and at the same time, the goddess Aerys took the form of Priamus' daughter, Laodice, and called Helen Climbing up to the tower of the Secia gate to watch the battle, Priamos, along with Agamemnon, Odysseus and others, made sacrifices to the gods, swore to honor the treaty and then returned to the tower, unable to bear the thought of seeing the death of either side at close range.
The duel began with Paris throwing a spear at Menelaos, and his spear hit Menelaos' shield but did not pass through it; when Menelaos threw his spear, it passed through Paris' shield and armor, and Paris reacted by jumping to the side to save himself. Menelaos attacked with his sword, but due to the force of the sword broke into four pieces, Menelaos then grabbed Paris with his bare hands and dragged Paris towards the Greek army, Paris couldn't breathe. At this time, the goddess Aphrodite cut off Paris' helmet belt so that only one helmet was left in the hands of Menelaos, and used a thick fog to cover Menelaos, waiting for a chance to regain Paris back to the city. When Menelaos was furious, Agamemnon proclaimed Menelaos' victory and demanded that the Trojan army pay tribute, which went unanswered.
At this point, Hera asked Zeus to send Athena to provoke the Trojans to break the covenant, and Zeus reluctantly complied. Athena disguised as Antenor's (Antenor's) son, Laodocus (Laodocus) went to Pandarus (Pandarus) and convinced him to shoot Menelaos with an arrow, and when Pandarus sent the arrow, Athena deliberately made the arrow only go into the skin of Menelaos, and was not harmed. The Greek army's doctor, Machaon, sprinkled powder on the wound and the Trojans took advantage of the opportunity to attack. Athena commanded the Greek army while Ares, the god of war, commanded the Trojans. When Pandarus saw this, he shot an arrow at Diomedes, which hit but did not kill him. Pandarus thought that Diomedes had been killed, but he did not realize that Diomedes had already called another hero, Sthenleus, to pull out the arrow and begged Athena to avenge his death. Athena gave him the strength to slay the goddess Aphrodite in her army. Aeneas, the hero of Troy and son of Aphrodite, called Diodorus along to repel Diomedes. Diomedes threw a spear to kill Pandarus, Aeneas protected Pandarus' body, and Diomedes threw a boulder at Aeneas, who was protected by Aphrodite. Diodemedes caught up with the goddess and stabbed her, Aphrodite retreated leaving Aegeus behind, Diodemedes went at Aegeus again, three times being blocked back by Apollo, and on the fourth attack was drunk back by Apollo.
Apollo took Aegeanes to his temple in Troy and made a false double to put on the battlefield. Apollo called Ares, the god of war, to subdue Diomedes, so Ares turned into a Thracian hero, Acamas, and ran to inspire the Trojans, while the Aegean brothers, Odysseus and Diomedes, were in command of the Greeks. were in command of the Greeks, yet the Greek army was slain and fell back, and during the battle Tlepolemus, the Greek army's Trojan, was stabbed to death with a spear by Zeus' son Sarpedon, who was dragged away with a wound in his back. When Hera and Athena saw what was happening, Athena transformed into the hero Stentor to inspire the Greeks, and told Diomedes not to be afraid to make an attack on the gods, and urged him to attack Ares. Athena took advantage of the fact that Ares killed the hero Peliphas (Peliphas), so that Ares could not see her and Diodemus and the two went near him and attacked Ares, who was wounded and walked back to Zeus, who sent the divine doctor Paeon to cure Ares and subdued Ares to go back to the battlefield.
(IX) Hector's duel with the Great Aias
(X) The victory of the Trojans