Knowledge points: 1. Britain became the most powerful capitalist country in the first half of the 19th century. Why did Britain invade China?
A: In order to open the China market, promote industrial products and plunder cheap industrial raw materials (page 2 of the book)
Second, why did Britain smuggle opium to China?
direct purpose: profiteering
fundamental purpose: to open the China market, promote industrial products, and plunder cheap industrial raw materials
Third, the harm of opium
1. The outflow of silver caused the financial crisis in Qing Dynasty
2. The price of silver rose, which increased the burden on the people.
3. The smuggling of opium corrupted the ruling institutions of Qing Dynasty, and Qing Dynasty allowed opium smuggling because of corruption. The ruling institution of the Qing dynasty
became more corrupt because of taking bribes and letting people go private.
4. Opium poisons people's physical and mental health in China, which brings social instability and seriously weakens the combat effectiveness of China's army.
Fourth, the campaign against smoking
Lin Zexu wrote to Daoguang Emperor asking for a ban on smoking, and Daoguang Emperor sent Lin Zexu to Guangzhou to ban smoking.
after Lin zexu arrived in Guangzhou, he arrested cigarette dealers, collected opium and set up a smoking ban bureau to prepare smoking cessation pills. Destruction of Opium at Humen
On June 3, 1839, he destroyed opium in public in Humen Beach, Guangzhou (Destruction of Opium at Humen)
Destruction of Opium at Humen's significance: Destruction of Opium at Humen was a great victory of the people's anti-smoking movement in China, showing the strong will of the Chinese nation to oppose foreign aggression.
v. Opium War
Reason: The evil opium trade was attacked by China, so Britain decided to wage war.
Time: June, 184 -1842
Result: Qing was defeated, and the Sino-British treaty of nanking was signed (Qing was completely behind Britain in politics, economy, science, technology and military affairs)
Revelation: being behind will be beaten. The closed-door policy is the main reason for backwardness.
The content of treaty of nanking: cutting Hong Kong Island to Britain; Compensation of 21 million yuan; Open five trading ports in Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai; The taxes paid by British businessmen on goods imported and exported need to be agreed with Britain in China.
cutting Hong Kong Island to Britain destroyed the territory of China. ***
Compensation of 21 million yuan aggravated the financial crisis of Qing Dynasty and the people's burden.
Five-port trade and agreed tariffs were beneficial to Britain's commodity export and disintegrated China's natural economy.
VI. Influence of the Opium War
After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. (Changes in social nature) 2. Contents of the first lesson of the first volume of history books in grade seven
Lesson 1 Ancient residents in the motherland 1. The earliest human in China 1. The earliest known human in China is Yuanmou, which is about 1.7 million years ago.
2. The fundamental difference between humans and animals is whether they can make tools. Lesson 2 Primitive Farming Life 1. Primitive Farming in Hemudu 1. China is the first country to grow rice in the world.
2. The primitive inhabitants of Hemudu who lived in the Yangtze River valley (about 7, years ago) began to settle down in primitive farming by using grinded stone tools. Hemudu people live in dry-fence houses to facilitate ventilation and moisture-proof; They also raise poultry and make pottery, jade and musical instruments.
lesson 4 the rise and fall of the Xia, Shang and western Zhou dynasties 1. the enfeoffment system of the western Zhou dynasty 1. objective: to consolidate the rule, the western Zhou dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system. 2. Content: Zhou Tianzi distributed the land, civilians and slaves to relatives and heroes, and made them princes.
vassals must obey the orders of the emperor of Zhou, pay tribute to the emperor, defend their territory at ordinary times, and lead troops to fight with the emperor in wartime. 3. Function: Developed the remote areas, strengthened the rule, and made the Western Zhou Dynasty a strong country.
4. Death: Chinese people rioted, and in 771 BC, the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. Lesson 5 Brilliant Bronze Civilization 1. At the end of primitive society, bronzes appeared in our country.
Shang dynasty was a splendid period of Chinese bronze culture. The famous bronzes are Simu Wuding (majestic in shape) and Siyang Fangzun (exquisite in shape).
2. In the same period of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a unique bronze culture prevailed in Chengdu Plain in southwest China, which is the world-famous "Sanxingdui" culture. The bronze masks, large bronze statues and bronze sacred trees unearthed there have attracted the attention of Chinese and foreign people.
Lesson 6 Disputes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period 1. Hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period 1. In 77 BC, Zhou Ping and Wang Dong moved to Luoyi, which was called "Eastern Zhou" in history. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
2. Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong as the prime minister, actively reformed internal affairs and developed production; At the same time, we reformed the military system, formed a powerful army, and gradually became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period with the command of "respecting the king and resisting foreigners". 3. In the late 7th century BC, Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains after the Chengpu War between Jin Chu and China.
a hundred years later, Chu Zhuangwang became the overlord of the Central Plains. Second, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States 1. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States are arranged in the order of Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han in the southeast, northwest and middle.
2. It happened in 26 BC, and the decisive battle between Qin and Zhao was the battle of Changping. The battle of Changping made the six eastern countries unable to resist the state of Qin.
Lesson 7 The Era of Great Change 1. The famous Dujiangyan during the Warring States Period was a world-famous flood control and irrigation project built by Li Bing for the State of Qin. Chengdu Plain has become a "land of abundance".
Second, Shang Yang's political reform 1. Time and place: 356 BC, Qin State. 2. Contents: ① The state recognizes the private ownership of land and allows it to be bought and sold freely.
(2) Reward ploughing, and those who produce more grain and cloth can be exempted from corvee; According to the size of military service, titles and field houses were awarded, and the privileges of old nobles without military service were abolished. (3) establish a county system, and the monarch directly sends officials to govern.
3. Role: After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin's economy developed, and the fighting capacity of the army increased continuously, and it developed into the most prosperous feudal country in the late Warring States period. Lesson 8 The Prosperity of Chinese Culture (1) 1. Our country has a written history, starting from the Shang Dynasty.
2. The characters carved by Shang people on tortoise shells or animal bones are called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". Lesson 9 The Prosperity of Chinese Culture (2) 1. Confucius was a man in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his remarks were recorded in The Analects. He put forward the theory of "benevolence", advocated "loving others" and "ruling by virtue", and put forward in education: teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, learning new things by reviewing their past, and learning honestly.
The Analects of Confucius was compiled by Confucius disciples. 2. Laozi was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his theory was recorded in the Tao Te Ching. He believed that everything has opposites, and the opposing sides can transform each other.
Tao Te Ching was compiled by the Taoist school in the Warring States Period. Mozi, a native of the Warring States period, advocated "universal love" and "non-attack", opposed bullying the small with the big and the weak with the strong, and supported the just war.
4. Mencius, a Warring State, believed that there was no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn Period and opposed all wars. Advocating "benevolent governance" to govern the country, ignoring taxes and paying attention to protecting the environment.
5. Han Fei was born at the end of the Warring States Period. He advocated reform, opposed empty talk about benevolence and righteousness, and advocated the rule of law. 6. Sun Wu was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period and wrote Sun Tzu's Art of War. His military thought is: "Know your enemy and know yourself, and you will win every battle."
Lesson 1 "King Qin Sweeps Liuhe" 1. Qin unified the six countries and established centralized rule 1. Time to destroy the six countries: From 23 BC to 221 BC, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, destroyed the six countries one after another. 2. Establishment of the Qin Dynasty: In the first 221 years, the first unified centralized feudal country in China's history, the Qin Dynasty, was established, with Xianyang as its capital.
3. Establishment of centralized rule (1) Purpose: In order to strengthen the rule, the feudal autocratic centralization of authority was founded. (2) The supreme ruler is the emperor, and the central government has the Prime Minister, Qiu, and the Imperial Adviser in charge of administration, military affairs and supervision. (3) The county system is implemented locally.
(The county system originated from Shang Yang's political reform, and has been used to this day) 2. Measures to consolidate and unify the Qin Dynasty 1. Politically, the first unified centralized feudal country in China's history 2. Economically, unified currency (unified use of copper coins with square holes) and weights and measures. 3. Culturally: unify the writing (take Xiao Zhuan as the national standard writing, and then promote the official script with simpler strokes) 4. Ideologically: burn books to pit Confucianism.
(suggested by Li Si) 5. Militarily: counterattack the Huns and build the Great Wall in the north (Lintao in the west and Liaodong in the east). Dig a canal in the south and develop southern Xinjiang.
6. after the unification of Qin dynasty, the county system was implemented locally. Lesson 12 The Unified Han Dynasty 1. The rule of Wenjing The Emperor of Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, learned the lessons from the death of Qin Dynasty, ignored the thin tax, paid attention to the development of agricultural production and advocated frugality.
2. The specific measures for the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: (1) Politically, Emperor Wu accepted the advice of Zhu Fuyan, issued a "decree of granting favors", allowed kings to distribute their fiefs to their children, and established a smaller vassal state, which weakened the power of the vassal state; (2) Ideologically, it accepted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" and regarded Confucianism as the orthodox thought of feudal society, thus establishing the dominant position of Confucianism in ancient China. (3) Militarily, we launched many large-scale counter-attacks against Xiongnu, and basically relieved the threat of Xiongnu to the northern border counties.
(4) Economically, the right to coin and the right to operate salt and iron will be centralized, and five baht will be minted uniformly. Lesson 14 The Rise of Xiongnu and the Peace War in Han Dynasty 1. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing defeated Xiongnu. 3. the first lesson of the first unit of history in the second volume of the eighth grade
1. On the afternoon of October 1, 1949, it was on the rostrum of Tiananmen Square.
2. Domestic significance: The establishment of the People's Republic of China opened a new era in China's history. Since then, the humiliating history of being invaded and enslaved for more than 1 years has ended, and it has truly become an independent country. The people of China have since stood up and become the masters of the country.
international significance: the establishment of the new China has strengthened the forces of world peace, democracy and socialism, and inspired the struggle for liberation of the oppressed nations and people in the world. 3. In 1951, * * * local * * sent a delegation headed by Ngapoi. * * * to Beijing to negotiate with the Central People's * *, and the two sides reached an agreement on the peaceful liberation of * * *, and * * * was peacefully liberated.
11. The mainland of the motherland has been unified and the people of all ethnic groups have achieved great unity. 4.[ Reprinted] What is history
It was wonderful to walk into the junior high school classroom on the first day.
Because if the education stage of life is divided into five stages: early childhood, primary school, junior high school, senior high school and university, I have been a tutor for senior high school students, tutored my niece who went to primary school, taught college students, and now I am going to teach junior high school students. It can be said that I have never taught except the children in kindergarten, and I have really taught all the educational stages of my life.
think about it, isn't this a wonderful teaching experience? I study history. There are always many wonderful things in the long river of history. For example, during World War I, one million German and French troops were deadlocked in Verdun. One day, French gunners tried their guns, and one shot hit the powder magazine hidden by the Germans in the forest, causing 6, shells and dozens of tons of gunpowder to explode, which turned the French army around the war situation in World War I; For example, before World War II, the Germans found a book "The Army of the Future", telling how to carry out mobile operations with mechanized troops. According to this, the Germans established a huge armored corps and defeated France in just six weeks. The author of this book is the later French President Charles de Gaulle; These incredible and wonderful things in history are written into history books because of their importance. My wonderful teaching experience can't be compared with it, but I can write it in my own blog, hehe, it is also a historical witness anyway.
Then let's take a look at my first junior high school history class! Before entering the classroom, I have been thinking about what to say in my first history class for the children of junior high school who are 12 or 13 years old. Scripting is undoubtedly the simplest choice, but I have a semester to do it, because what I want to share with my children is their thoughts in their first communication. Not only mine, but also theirs.
I want to personally know their learning attitude, their knowledge of history, their knowledge and so on, and I want them to speak out truthfully and actively. There are three links in the classroom: self-introduction, classroom narration and exchange feedback.
The self-introduction is very interesting, not because I designed it interesting, but because of various unexpected events, the self-introduction of eight classes is carried out in different ways. In one class, when the head teacher introduced me to the children, he said that I had come back to serve my alma mater as a realistic student. For this class, I started by joking that the head teacher was suspected of "tampering with history", while introducing myself, I introduced the principle of historical records to ensure authenticity, and finally brought the topic to my classroom theme "What is history" today.
In one class, before introducing me, the head teacher taught the children the writing and pronunciation of historical English, and then asked me to introduce myself. I looked at the word History and made a simple English self-introduction as a history teacher. In the following class, I introduced the globalization of the modern world to make them understand that English is as important as history when showing China to the world. ..... The lecture begins with students expressing their views on history. Students all think that "history is what happened in the past", and I agree with this view, and I use two sets of pictures of solidified history of buildings and witnesses of history to prove this view.
Later, the famous saying of Italian historian Croci was introduced: "All history is contemporary history." Let the children compare the differences between the two viewpoints, and then analyze the ancient China people's thoughts on the word "calendar" and "history" by learning the word "history", so as to guide the children to pay attention to the important role of human beings in historical development. All history is created by "today's me", so is history, and so is history learning. Only by actively and actively learning can history learning get rid of boredom.
The link of communication and feedback is to let students ask me questions about history, and let them give me difficult questions, so as to improve their enthusiasm for speaking. I never dare to say that I know everything. Everyone's time and energy are limited. Even in this major, I have many unknowns.
Before I started asking questions, I gave them a vaccination with the phrase "There is a priority in asking questions, and there is a specialization in skills" in Teacher's Talk. In fact, I am also very afraid of this link, but if this link is carried out well, I can know the learning enthusiasm, knowledge, language organization ability, logical thinking ability and even the formation of their outlook on life and values of most children in each class in the shortest time. In some classes, the children stood up with their hands raised in order to let me ask his questions. After this class, I need to pay attention to the discipline requirements and always remind myself of the control of the classroom atmosphere. However, in some classes, only a few children raise their hands, and the atmosphere is a bit "cold", so more guidance should be given in the future teaching to make the class active and grasp their listening attention.
some children.