At 3:00 p.m., the grand and solemn founding ceremony began. Participating in this ceremony were all the delegates of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, representatives of the capital's factories, colleges and universities, institutions, citizens, suburban farmers and city defense forces and so on, **** about 300,000 people.
Lin Boqu, secretary-general of the Central People's Government, declared the ceremony open. The chairman, vice-chairmen and members of the Central People's Government took their places. When Lin Boqu announced "please Chairman Mao raise the national flag", Mao Zedong look solemn, pressed the electric button leading to the electric flagpole ...... the first dazzling five-star red flag down the flagpole, rising. At the same time, 54 guns salute 28 sound. These 54 salutes symbolize the 54 nationalities represented in the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; the 28 salutes mark the 28 years of heroic struggle of the people under the leadership of the Chinese ****anufacturing party. The 300,000 people attending the Congress stood in solemn salute, the conductor performed the hand-raising salute, watching the solemn and beautiful five-star red flag of the Chinese People's **** and the country rising.
In this solemn, warm moment, Mao Zedong read the proclamation of the Central People's Government in a loud voice, announcing to the 475 million Chinese people and to the whole world: "The Chinese People's Republic of **** and the State is established! The Chinese people are now standing up!"
Then the military parade began. The parade commander, commander-in-chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Zhu De riding in an open car, in the "three major disciplines, eight notices" and other military music, accompanied by Nie Rongzhen, out of the east three gates, along the East Chang'an Street, Dongdan Square, until the foreign consulates gathered in Dongjiaominxiang Alley, the order of the three armed forces in order to review the solemn and tidy troops. After reviewing the troops, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De drove back to the Tiananmen Tower and read out the "Order of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army": All members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army resolutely carry out all the commands of the Central People's Government and Chairman of the Central People's Revolutionary Military Commission Mao Zedong to quickly purge the remnants of the Kuomintang's reactionary army, liberate all the land that has not yet been liberated, and at the same time, purge the bandits and all the other counter-revolutionary gangsters, and suppress all their acts of resistance and disturbance. all their acts of resistance and mischief.
The parade*** took more than two hours and the personnel of the troops on parade totaled more than 16,000 people.
The mass parade came next. At the front of the parade were workers, followed by peasants on the outskirts of Beijing. Behind them was a procession of institutional cadres and young students.
At 9:25 p.m., countless colorful fireworks were launched around the square. The capital's military and civilians sang and danced to their hearts' content to celebrate this first night of the Chinese people's **** and country.
The Founding Ceremony proclaimed the birth of the People's Republic of China! The ceremony proclaimed the new birth of the Chinese nation!
Major Events of the Founding Ceremony
Anonymous
1949:
10.1 The first meeting of the Committee of the Central People's Government (CPG) was held in Beijing. The meeting accepts the NCCP's ****Together Program as the policy guidelines of the Central People's Government; elects Lin Boqu as secretary-general; appoints Zhou Enlai as Premier of the State Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Central People's Government, Mao Tse-tung as Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Committee of the Central People's Government (hereinafter referred to as the "Central Military Commission"), Zhu De as Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army, Shen Junru as Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shen Junru as President of the Supreme People's Court, and Luo Ronghuan as Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate. At 3:00 p.m., 300,000 people in Beijing held a solemn ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the founding of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly proclaimed the establishment of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China*** and State and personally raised the first five-star red flag. Chairman Mao read out the Proclamation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the only lawful government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. This Government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that is willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty." A military parade and mass procession followed. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De inspected the navy, army and air force and announced the Order of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), ordering the PLA to quickly purge all remnants of the Kuomintang's armed forces and to liberate all the yet to be liberated territories. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Broadcasting Station conducted a live broadcast of the Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China*** and the State in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of the Chinese people's broadcasting, people's radio stations across the country at the same time syndicated.
10.2-3 The founding conference of the Chinese Congress for the Defense of World Peace (hereinafter referred to as "CDPWP") was held in Beijing. The Congress adopted the Declaration of the Chinese Congress for the Defense of World Peace, and Guo Moruo was elected President of the NCPDP.
10.3 China establishes diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
10.9 The first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was held in Beijing. The meeting elects Mao Zedong as Chairman of the First National Committee. The meeting adopted the proposal of "taking October 1 as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China" and sent it to the Central People's Government for adoption and implementation.
10.21 The State Council of the Central People's Government was established.
11.11 The Air Force of the People's Liberation Army was formally established.
11.15 Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai calls the United Nations General Assembly, denying the legitimacy of the Chiang Kai-shek clique's participation in the General Assembly, and calling for the immediate cancellation of the Chiang Kai-shek clique's delegation. Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai called the Secretary-General of the United Nations Organization (UNO), Mr. Rhee, and the President of the UN General Assembly, Mr. Romulo, and declared that the so-called "Delegation of the National Government of China" had no right whatsoever to represent China, and demanded that the United Nations immediately abolish the Delegation's right to participate in the United Nations.
12.16-1950.2.17 Chairman Mao Zedong visits the Soviet Union. （On January 21, 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai arrives in Moscow.) On the 14th, the two governments concluded the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance in Moscow.
12.27 Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, was liberated. Thus, the campaign for the liberation of the Great Southwest China ended victoriously. The war of liberation of the mainland was basically over.
After the founding of New China in 1949, the policy of confiscating bureaucratic capital and transforming it into socialist state-run enterprises was carried out, so that the proletarian-led people's **** and the state took hold of the country's economic lifeblood, made the state-run economy the leading component of the whole national economy, and laid the material foundation for the socialist revolution and socialist construction. ◆
Why Tiananmen was chosen as venue for celebration
Anonymous
At 2:58 p.m., Mao Zedong and other leaders appeared on the Tiananmen Tower. Live announcer Ding Yilan immediately cheered, "Chairman Mao is here! Chairman Mao steps up to the Tiananmen Square Citadel." At once, Tiananmen Square became a sea of jubilation ......
Contents
1. Weighing the choice of venue for the celebration
2. Removing more than 200,000 tons of garbage from the three dynasties
3. Giving a face-lift to the facade of the new China
4. A superb calligraphy exhibition at Tiananmen Tower
5.5. Chinese and Japanese artists join hands to produce red lanterns
6. Zhou Enlai proposes that China's "first monument" be built in Tiananmen Square
1. Weighing the choice of venue for the celebration
The day of the founding of the new China is to be held in a grand ceremony, which is to be accompanied by a military parade, which was envisioned as early as the end of July 1949, when the new China was founded. At the end of July 1949, the idea was finalized.
But where to choose the venue for the founding ceremony? This question was a big headache for the founding leaders, who were unable to decide for a long time.
The founding ceremony was held to solemnly proclaim the birth of the People's Republic of China in front of the whole of China and the whole world, and it must be a success. And the importance of choosing a suitable venue is thus highlighted.
July, the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China set up the Preparatory Committee for the National Opening Ceremony with Zhou Enlai as the director and Peng Zhen, Nie Rongzhen, Lin Boqu and Li Weihan as the deputy directors.
The program for the Founding Ceremony was soon taken out by the Preparatory Committee. There are three main elements in the program: first, the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC); second, the military parade of the People's Liberation Army (PLA); and third, the people's procession.
The organizing committee believes that all three elements are essential for the founding ceremony of a new China. Among the three, how the parade will be held, especially where the parade will be held, determines how the whole founding ceremony will be carried out.
The question of how and where to hold the military parade has become the center of the preparations for the founding ceremony.
Shortly after the founding of the National Ceremony Preparatory Committee, a military parade command organization was set up. The leadership of this command organization was strong. The founding father, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, personally took command of the parade as Commander-in-Chief. The commander-in-chief of the parade was Nie Rongzhen; the deputy commanders-in-chief were Yang Chengwu, Tang Yanjie (chief of staff of the North China Military Region), Tang Yongjian (chief of the Operations Division of the North China Military Region Command), Liu Ren (deputy secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the C***), Xiao Ming (chairman of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions) and Xiao Song (secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the **** Youth League).
Yang Chengwu and Tang Yanjie took up special leadership positions, under the leadership of the Central Military Commission, first presided over the drafting of the "parade ceremony program".
After this program was drawn up, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and other central leaders met with the person in charge of planning the parade ceremony at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, and listened to a special report.
Nie Rongzhen, the commander-in-chief of the parade, reported on the basic concept of the parade. The deputy commander-in-chief of the parade reported on the main contents of the parade program: the selection of troops on parade, organization, parade procedures, parade music and training before the parade, etc.; the program envisages that the parade will be divided into a parade and a separate ceremony.
After listening to the report, the leaders made speeches and gave some instructions.
The parade program was successfully passed, but where to put the opening parade, but not immediately decided.
Mao Zedong attached great importance to getting the parade right. He said, "We have always advocated caution in the first battle, this parade is also the first battle, the first time the country. It must be done well!"
Focusing on the issue of determining the location of the parade, the members of the parade command post has been repeatedly studied.
One day in August 1949, a few generals from the North China Military Region were asked to take part in the parade. Several generals from the North China Military Region came to Zhou Enlai's office and handed Zhou Enlai two sets of plans for the parade, which they had argued over and over again.
The first plan: the location of Tiananmen Square in the city center; the second plan: the parade site in the suburbs of the Xiyuan Airport, the two sets of plans were marked with a troop location and road map. For Zhou Enlai is used to seeing the battle map, this map seems both simple and complex.
Zhou Enlai carefully looked at the map, tightly frowned, habitually one arm when clasped in front of the chest, pacing up and down in the office.
He didn't shoot off his mouth right away.
Both packages had advantages, but both also had disadvantages.
The advantages of placing the parade in Tiananmen Square are obvious: it is located in the center of the city of Beiping, where the leaders, the army and the masses are blended together, and the founding of the country can be done with great fanfare, especially since the Tiananmen Square citadel is a ready-made parade platform, and it is not necessary to exert too much effort in order to allow all the delegates of the CPPCC to review the Tiananmen Square citadel.
And, the streets around Tiananmen are well-connected, making it easy to concentrate and evacuate.
But the parade in Tiananmen Square, there are some shortcomings: mainly to participate in the Founding Ceremony of a large number of people, the day of the city traffic will be interrupted for at least four hours; at that time, Chang'an Street is not wide enough, has not been widened, and is far from as broad as it was later on, and can only be passed horizontally by the infantry twelve columns. Three columns of cavalry and two columns of armored cars.
Compared with Tiananmen, Xiyuan Airport has the advantage of a wide airport runway, without the worry of obstructing traffic. And there has been successful experience in holding military parades at Xiyuan Airport, where a parade watched by more than 10,000 people was already held on March 25, 1949, by the North China Military Region to welcome the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao into Peking.
The defects of the military parade held at Xiyuan Airport, first of all, there is no parade deck, temporary construction to cope with some small scenes can be held hundreds of thousands of people to participate in the founding of the country can not be, if you want to build the Tiananmen Square Tower, as the majestic parade deck, the cost of the project, the investment of money, at that time are very difficult to do. Secondly, Xiyuan Airport is a long way from the city, hundreds of thousands of people to participate in the ceremony, it is not convenient to go back and forth; if there is no sizeable crowd to participate in the Founding Ceremony should be the atmosphere can not come out of the parade will not achieve the purpose of raising my military might, will affect the Founding Ceremony in the international and domestic impact. Once again, although the airport runway is large, but there is only one road can be in and out, to participate in the parade of troops, the action is very inconvenient.
Two sets of proposals, the arguers clearly preferred the first, but did not come up with a conclusive opinion.
The date for holding the Founding Ceremony was approaching day by day.
The troops preparing for the parade have already begun training for the separation ceremony.
There is only one month to go before the founding ceremony!
Zhou Enlai's mind focused on Tiananmen Square.
The towering and magnificent ancient queuer standing in the center of Beiping City, originally known as the Gate of Heaven, persuade the heavenly enlightenment, the orders of heaven" meaning. It was built in Ming Yongle fifteen years (1417). Destroyed by fire, the Qing Shunzhi eight years (1651) after the reconstruction called Tiananmen. It is the main gate of the old imperial city, the city gate five que, heavy building nine pillars. Tiananmen Square, from the overall layout of the square, there is a large "out of the sky" image. Looking out from Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, a brilliant, glittering, seemingly unparalleled solemnity, majestic. In fact, the Ming and Qing dynasties, all the buildings on the square, are as a companion to this main building and the building, which is why it looks like the Tiananmen Square Tower extraordinary mystery. Tiananmen is also one of the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties engaged in important activities, the most important activity is the "Golden Phoenix Award", every winter solstice to the altar of heaven, summer solstice to the altar of the earth, as well as the emperor's wedding and military campaigns and other grand ceremonies, are to be from the Tiananmen Gate access.
Tian'anmen, the highest building in Beijing during the feudal era, is about to disappear as all traces of feudal imperial power, because the Chinese people*** and the founding of the country will give it a new meaning, so that it has a brand new time and space.
The decision was made in the early hours of the morning. After repeated weighing, Zhou Enlai finally waved the brush and ink, wrote down the opinion: Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Comrade Shaoqi parade: the date after the closing of the day of the establishment of the government. Parade location in front of Tiananmen Square is good. Time to be determined. Review commander by Nie (Rongzhen), parade commander please comrade Zhu De.
Week 9-2
This opinion reached Liu Shaoqi, who drew a pinecone-like, not-too-small circle around his name.
Mao Zedong and Zhu De did not circle this opinion; they listened to Zhou Enlai's verbal presentation and analysis and agreed to hold the founding ceremony in front of Tiananmen Square.
Since October 1, l949, Tiananmen Square became the symbol of the Chinese people*** and the nation. ◆