Dai Customs The Dai people of Xishuangbanna believe in the primitive religion of all things spiritual.
After the introduction of Southern Theravada Buddhism, the belief in primitive religion is still preserved. Early Dai ancestors believed that everything in the world, including people and animals, plants, and even all the inanimate objects have a soul, and the soul is immortal, it can leave the object and exist.
It is believed that sickness is the soul has been hurt in some way; and death, the soul leaves the body and never comes back. People out of the fear of various diseases and disasters, but also out of the subdue the disease, the strong desire to overcome the disaster, trying to invoke the soul through the invocation of the soul (also known as the soul) to be harmed or wandering back to the soul.
Not only can they invoke the soul for people, but also for domestic animals, poultry and grains. The main ways of inviting souls for the Dai people in Xishuangbanna are "Calling Huanlong" (inviting big souls), "Calling Huannian" (inviting small souls), "Feihuan" (changing souls) and "Calling Huanlang" (inviting small souls). The four types are "Calling Huan Nanlang" (recruiting the soul of the black girl).
For livestock and poultry and crops to invoke the soul of the main "call Huan for Huai" (invoke cattle soul), "call Huan Gai" (*** soul) and "call Huan Hao" (invoke the soul of rice) and so on three. Three kinds. According to the survey, Xishuangbanna Dai *** have 81 kinds of recruiting (call) soul method.
They believe that there are 32 big ghosts, 92 small ghosts. As long as one of these ghosts is harmed or leaves the body, a part of the body will get sick or even die.
In order to cure the disease, it is necessary to use the corresponding one of the 81 methods of invoking the soul to invoke the soul. The most famous of all the ways to call the soul is "Calling Huan Nan Lang", that is, calling the soul of the black girl, which has a long call for the soul words.
Soul invocation ceremony varies from region to region: in some areas, to ask the village village specializing in rituals of the Bozhang to recite the words to invoke the soul; in some areas, by the elderly parents to carry out. The words of the invocation of the soul, for example, the invocation of the soul of the "children's soul" are like this: "Today is an auspicious day, I come to call the soul.
Soul ah soul, parents love the soul, don't go to hide in the cave alone sad, don't go to hide in the river tears, don't drill into the woods and grass, don't go to drill in the cattle and horses. The soul of the head should go back to the head, the soul of the teeth should go back to the teeth, the soul of the ears and the soul of the eyes should go back to the head, the soul of the skin should go back to the human body, and the soul of the feet should not run around.
The 32 souls are to return today, the 92 souls are to return today! All souls, O souls, be concentrated today, and your parents will tie the thread for you. Spread! The souls are coming back!" There is a set of etiquette for calling valley souls, cow souls, chickens and ducks, as well as fixed words for calling souls.
In addition to invoking the soul of rituals, the Dai people of Xishuangbanna also have a set of funeral rituals. The traditional burial method of the Dai is earth burial and cremation, and cremation is more common.
In the past, there was a strict hierarchy within the Dai people, and different levels of people called "death" differently, with different cemeteries and different burial methods.
In the past, there was a strict hierarchy within the Dai people.
Someone died in the family, to immediately notify the whole village folks and relatives and friends. Neighbors and relatives and friends heard the news, immediately divided into various funeral preparations.
The family should take the time to give the deceased a bath and dressing, if the deceased is male, but also shaved hair. After the bath, the deceased put on two sets of new clothes, one of which should preferably be white and white pants.
Next, the temple monks should be invited to chant for the deceased, relatives crying.
The next step is to choose an auspicious day for the funeral and a grave site.
The selection of the grave site should be based on the status of the deceased, to the specified cemetery hill with the egg throwing method to determine the grave site. Finally, the funeral and cremation will take place according to the chosen auspicious date.
On the day of the funeral, the bamboo building should be cleaned. Move the iron tripod on the fire pit and clean up the ashes of the fire.
And then clean out the living things of the deceased, either cremated or thrown into the river to let the water wash away. At the same time, a crucible, a cloth bag, filled with grain seeds to the cemetery, for the soul of the deceased to the netherworld to sow.
Funeral, monks and monks walk in front, for the dead to lead the way, friends and relatives and Walled City people in a long line behind the body. After arriving at the cemetery, those who carry sand crucibles and cloth bags quickly return to their homes, re-set the iron tripod on the fire pit, and re-ignite the pond fire.
The funeral procession should beat gongs and drums and fire muskets to show its grandeur. After arriving at the cemetery, most of the mourners can return, leaving dozens of strong men to dig pits to bury or cremate the remains.
After the funeral, but also ask the monks to recite a "Mangala" scripture, send the family God family ghosts. Only then is the funeral completed.
In the case of the death of one of the spouses, there is also a ceremony to break the relationship between the spouses: the survivor takes a white thread with betel nut on it and a pair of wax strips. The living person takes a white thread with betel nut and a pair of wax strips, holds one end of the thread himself, and ties the other end to the coffin or carrying board of the deceased.
An elder cuts the white thread in the middle to sever the relationship between husband and wife. After that, the man can remarry and the woman can remarry without restriction.
Wedding The Dai are monogamous individual families, usually with two generations of parents and children, and there are also grandchildren and grandchildren in the same house. After the children grow up and get married, they will separate from their parents and set up another family.
Most of the parents live with their youngest son or daughter, and the family property is inherited by the youngest son or daughter, who is responsible for supporting their parents; the separated children can also get part of the property, but the amount is very small. Equality between men and women in the family, economic independence, women began to have personal savings before marriage, marriage with the man's family belongings once the divorce can be carried back to his mother's home; men to the woman's home during the door, if the couple's relationship breaks down, the man can also carry their own things back to their parents.
Widows can remarry and can also recruit men to the door. If the man leaves home without a word for several months, the woman can find another spouse.
Couples die, no matter how old, have to do divorce formalities, simple procedures, will be a pair of candles on the coffin of the deceased, that is, to indicate and the deceased divorce. Rituals There are many taboos in Dai put.
Guests, elders, men living down, women do not and early floor. Clothing and tools used by men, women are not allowed to pass.
Daughters-in-law can not pass things directly with the father-in-law, uncles, must be passed, the daughter-in-law to pass the items on the table or the appropriate place, and then ask the father-in-law, uncles to take. When a man and a woman meet, the woman gives way to the bottom.
When the road meets the in-laws, the daughter-in-law should tighten her skirt and bow down to make way. When the dragon is sacrificed, foreigners are not allowed to participate in the ceremony; those who participate in the ceremony are not allowed to smoke, not allowed to speak foreign languages, not allowed to do farm work, and not allowed to bring a branch or a leaf into the village.
The pillar in the center of the house cannot be leaned on. The upper, middle and lower villages of Menglapuer, you must take off your shoes when you enter a Buddhist temple, and you are not allowed to touch the head of a young monk.
Guests on the bamboo building is prohibited to sit above the fire pit and across the fire pit, can not enter the master bedroom.
2. How to write the character drum for drumming"Drum" strokes: horizontal, vertical, horizontal, vertical, horizontal fold, horizontal, dot, apostrophe, mention, horizontal, vertical, horizontal apostrophe/horizontal hook, and press."
"Drum" Exhaustive Interpretation
Pinyin: gǔ
Part: Drum
Meaning:
1. A percussion instrument, mostly cylindrical or oblate, hollow in the center, covered with leather on one side or both sides: waist~. Hand~. Flower~.
2. shaped, sounding, and acting like a drum: stone~. Frog~. Ear~.
3. To make some instrument or thing sound; to knock: ~ piano. ~ palm.
4. To fan (wind) with a bellows, etc.: ~ wind.
5. To start; to invigorate: ~ move. ~ motivate. ~ dance. ~ to raise courage.
6. to bulge; swell: He was ~ with his mouth half silent. The veins on his forehead were ~ up.
7. to describe a high degree of bulge: The wallet was very ~. The pockets are loaded with ~~.
8. surname.
Group words: drumming encouragement encouragement drumming drumming drumming drumming drumming drumming fish drumming board drumming drumming horns brass drums etc.
Attachment Mandarin version of the Shuowen Jiezi: drums, Guo also. The sound of the equinox, all things Guo leather armor and out, so it is called the drum. From the drum, the support like its hand hit also. The six drums of the Zhou Ritual: the eight-sided drum of the Hou Hou Hou, the six-sided drum of the Ling, the four-sided drum of the Lu, and the two-sided drums of the Brass Drum, the 臯 Drum, and the Jin Drum. All the drums are from the drums.
Attachment The vernacular version of Shuowen Jiezi: Drum, a musical instrument covered with a leather bag. The drum is the music of the spring equinox, when everything comes out covered with skin, so it is called "drum". The character form adopts "壴" as the side, and "支" on the right side of the character form looks like holding a stick to beat the drum.
The Zhou Ritual says that there are six types of drums: the thunder drum has eight sides, the spirit drum has six sides, the road drum has four sides, and the brass drum, the 臯鼓, and the Jin drum all have only two sides. All the characters related to drums use "鼓" (drum) as a radical.
Extended Information
Explanation of Words
1, drumming: to stimulate people's emotions with words, writing, etc., so as to make them act; to flap one's wings
Lu Xun, "The Last of the Miscellaneous Writings of And Jie Ting - An Account of the Exhibition of Prints and Drawings in the Soviet Union", "His romantic coloring will stimulate the passions of our young people. "
2, encourage: inspire; encourage
Yao Xueyin Li Zicheng, Volume 1, Chapter 9: "Ten thousand enemies were encouraged by this, doubly courageous."
3. Encouragement: to revitalize, enhance confidence or courage
Mao Dun, "The Pursuit", "How many things make people rejoice and how many things make people cry bitterly."
4. Drumming: In ancient times, it was pointed out that drums were beaten and cried out in battle to strengthen the momentum. Now refers to the clamor
Bajin "snow" Chapter 4: "So the crowd stopped spade drumming up."
5. Applause: clapping, mostly to express happiness, approval or welcome
Iceheart, "Send the Little Reader" 19: "When we walked past our building, we had applauded and welcomed them."
3. How to Write a Dai EssayThe Folkways and Customs of the Dai People
Fifty-six constellations, fifty-six flowers, fifty-six brothers and sisters are one family, fifty-six languages converge into one sentence. Fifty-six flowers bloom together, each flower has a different folklore, the most attractive to me is still the Dai.
For amateur "foodies" like me, the first thing to do is to taste the unique snacks of the Dai people - bamboo rice. Fresh bamboo sections cut down, glutinous rice in the bamboo sections, add water soak for a number of hours, with banana leaves or clean sugar cane leaves to the mouth of the tube stuffed, put on the fire to roast, and then put the bamboo tube on a flat wooden board, gently knocked, peeled off the thin skin of the bamboo tube, you will get a cylindrical piece of rice. Dai's bamboo tube rice delicious recipes, glutinous rice into the bamboo tube baked, into the glutinous rice fragrance, green bamboo fragrance in one, is the color and flavor, the most national characteristics of the flavor of the food.
The Dai people are a nation rich in bamboo, so in addition to bamboo rice, even the houses they live in are bamboo buildings. The reason why bamboo is used is because it protects against cool heat and humidity.
If you are the solar calendar April 13 to April 15 to the Dai to play, then you have to be careful, because this is the Dai people in the New Year - Water Festival, so a little inattention, will become a "soup chicken"! To the Water Festival, the Dai men, women and children dressed in festive costumes, picking water, first came to the Buddhist temple to bathe in Buddha, and then began to splash each other, you splash me, I splash you, a flower bloomed in the air, which symbolizes good luck, happiness and health. We splash each other splash, everywhere is the baptism of water, water blessing, water song, water flowers in a string of laughter, Water Festival has become a sea of joy! Dai people can sing and dance, so in the Water Festival naturally also less dance, peacock dance beautiful, elegant, lyrical, peacock dance is the soul of the Dai dance, dance to the peacock's various gestures as the basis for the re-creation of the go and the United States, focusing on the collection of Dai children's aesthetic interests. There are also a lot of dancers to splash their own improvisation, some dance and sing, and some even dance and drink, such as intoxicated, eclectic, continuous jumping on a few days does not seem to be tired.
"Hundreds of miles of different winds, thousands of miles of different customs" Dai although it is a minority, but their warmth, simplicity has left a deep impression on me. The exquisite costumes decorate the land and the happy life of the Dai people.
4. Dai Water Festival essay how to writeWater Festival Hundreds of miles of different winds, thousands of miles of different customs, the festivals of the various ethnic minorities are not the same, the Hani tribe of the Torch Festival, Tibetan Snow Festival. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty. The Mongolian Naadam Conference is even more famous. I'm going to write about a very famous festival, that is, the Dai Water Festival. The Water Splashing Festival is the grandest festival of the Dai people, and also the most influential and attended festival among the ethnic minorities in Yunnan. The Water Splashing Festival is the new year of the Dai calendar, which is equivalent to the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar, and the festival usually lasts three to seven days. The first day is called "Mai Day" in Dai language, which is similar to the New Year's Eve in the lunar calendar; the second day is called "Worry Day" in Dai language (Empty Day); and the third day is the New Year, which is called "Bao Nang Ma", which is the first day of the year, and is considered as the best and the most auspicious day. The third day is the New Year, called "BaNanMa", which is the first day of the year, and people regard this day as the most beautiful and auspicious day. Early in the morning of the festival, the Dai men, women and children dressed in festive costumes, picking up water, first to the Buddhist temple to bathe in the Buddha, and then began to splash each other, wishing each other good luck, happiness and health. People dance while shouting "Water! Water! Water!" The sound of drums and gongs resonates through the sky, and the blessed water splashes everywhere, which is really a spectacular scene. During the Water Splashing Festival, there are also dragon boat races. The competition is held on the Lancang River. A group of red and green dragon boats in the "tang tang" gong and "hi hi hi" shouts and whistles, chopping waves, bravely forward, thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists attracted to the Lancang River side, for the festival has added a lot of tension and joyful atmosphere. In recent years, it has also increased the content of folklore investigation and economic and trade negotiation. So that the activities of the Water Festival more colorful. The Water Splashing Festival is held in Xishuangbanna Prefecture and Dehong Prefecture at the same time every year. West can be directly from Kunming by plane. April 13, 1961, Premier Zhou Enlai attended the Water Festival in Xishuangbanna. Since then, the scale of the Water Splashing Festival has become larger and larger, and every year there are tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists who regard it as the most unforgettable experience of their lives.
5. Dai dance moves in the essay on how to writeDai women's dress, is the world's most beautiful, it is like a peacock open screen, colorful, beautiful, breathtaking, and Dai men generally wear collarless lapel or lapel small-sleeved shirts, under the long-tube pants, with a white, green or scarlet cloth wrapped around the head, and some wear tweed saltire brushed hat, looks dashing and generous, of course, Dai dancing is also Very beautiful, the Dai people love the peacock, and to dance the peacock dance to show their own national character, to express the beautiful ideals and aspirations.
Peacock dance is performed in the festival days. In the past, the performance of the authority of men, performance, but also wearing a body shaped like a peacock decorations, face wearing a minaret-shaped white pure Bodhisattva mask, single dance wearing a female mask, double dance wearing a male and a female mask.
The dance imitates the various movements of the peacock, and has formed a set of relatively fixed programs such as nesting, descending, dancing, looking for water, photographing, drinking, bathing, spreading wings and flying, etc., and there are strict footwork, orientation and combination of movements, and it is famous for sculptural dance modeling, and it focuses on the performance of the peacock's characteristics of being gentle, light, beautiful and kind, graceful and graceful. The Peacock Dance is accompanied by the elephant-footed drums, gongs and other musical instruments, and the movements and drum beats are strictly coordinated with each other.
After the establishment of New China, the peacock dance has been processed and transformed, enriched the dance plot, discarded the heavy props and decorations, replaced with a peacock patterned dress, giving full play to the curve of the dancer's body changes and the eyes, hands, legs, the flexible use of the peacock dance, greatly enriched the peacock dance expression and content, so that the peacock dance is more lively and graceful?
6. How to write an essay on the Dai Water FestivalToday, we came to the Water Festival Square in Jinghong, Xishuangbanna, which is located in the south of Yunnan, more than a thousand kilometers from Chengdu. Xishuangbanna is a tropical rainforest monsoon climate, a moment of sun, a moment of rain, there are patches of rubber forests and sweet-tasting pineapples, the Water Splashing Festival originated in India, was once an Indian Brahmin religious ceremony, and then absorbed by Buddhism, and introduced into the Dai area of Yunnan through Myanmar, at about the end of the thirteenth century to the beginning of the fourteenth century, with a history of 700 years. With the increasing influence of Southern Theravada Buddhism in the Dai area, the Water Splashing Festival has become more and more widespread. The Water Splashing Festival is a celebration of the Dai New Year, usually held between April 13 and April 15 of the solar calendar. At that time, people first go to the Buddhist temple to bathe Buddha, and then splash water on each other, expressing sincere blessings with splashing water. There is laughter and a festive atmosphere everywhere. What we are doing today is a water splashing activity specially developed for tourists, not a real water splashing festival. Splash the location is a bit like a swimming pool, it is round, near the shore of the water is very shallow, the more inward the deeper the water, the center of the three elephants, they stand together, forming a solid triangular formation, they are made of alabaster, high up the nose spouted a beautiful spray, scattered on the water surface, Liu Siyuan and I changed into a blue national costume, ready to splash people and be splashed. With the host of a high drink, splashing began, I first gave my mother a pot of water, then I suddenly saw several children in the strange laugh at me, the hands of the pot of water also flew up, I screamed in my heart wildly bad, so close to the distance, the water has been out of the hand, to hide has been impossible, I rushed to cover my head with the pot, in the pot is about to buckle in the blink of an eye on his head, I saw in front of my eyes, in addition to the water is still water! I saw nothing but water in front of me. I rushed to cover my head with the basin of water, "Pah, pah, pah!" Several pots of water exploded in blissful flowers on my shield, and one child even threw the water basin in excitement. However, I had long escaped with the water shield, I just looked up and was regimented by 67 kids, I responded calmly and soon crushed them, I was just about to attack my mom when the aunt who specialized in the show splashed me with a basin of water, I simply fought them in a protracted battle, and finally beat them up and fled away from the road, I was just about to set up a bigger battlefield, but unfortunately, the host declared the end of the show. Ah, today is so happy.
7. Write drumming arts festival performance essayThe school new batch of drum and bugle corps is about to start again, I saw the senior drum and bugle corps sisters play the drum and powerful and beautiful, so, decisively enrolled.
When I first started training, I thought it was easy to play the drums, however, it was only when I really learned that I felt how hard it was. Since we had to practice the basics first, we used the ground as our drum surface and knelt down to play. Because my legs were kneeling for a long time, my knees were bruised, and the slightest touch would hurt for half a day! It hasn't healed yet. And the area between my thumb and forefinger where I hold the drumstick has become calloused. Although I was injured, but I did not give up halfway, and have persisted.
Another time, a simple drum beat I always can not play, the teacher saw, did not criticize me, but seriously teach me, I also very seriously learn, until the drum beat is very accurate, the teacher only left.
When I came home from school, I would practice on the windowsill, on the table, and even before I went to bed, I was still playing the drums, and my mom said I was like a demon. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Only by practicing hard can you find the knack and play the drums well. It seems that the success of every thing has to have a very hard process ah!
8. How to write a drumming essay for the Catch the Autumn FestivalCatch the Autumn Festival Catch the Autumn Festival is a large-scale folk festival held by the Miao folk before the autumn harvest or the autumn before the entertainment, mutual markets, male and female youth interactions with the celebration of the harvest will soon be coming, and other content.
On the origin of catching the fall, some say it is to catch the "Autumn Day", some say it is to "catch the swing". Legend has it that a long time ago, there was a young man named Ba Gui Dajia in the Miao Village, who was a good shooter, upright, and was admired by all.
One day, he went out to hunt, see a mountain eagle from the air, they raised their hands and pulled the bow, an arrow hit. The eagle fell at the same time, and a flower shoe.
This flower shoes, embroidery is extremely exquisite, a look from the smart and beautiful Miao village girl's hand. The Bugui Dajia is determined to find the owner of the shoes.
He designed and manufactured a kind of windmill can sit 8 people at the same time, named "eight people autumn". On the day of the fall, he invited men and women from villages near and far to play the fall for fun.
Playing the swing is the favorite activity of the Miao girls, Ba Gui Dajia thought, the girl who made the flower shoes, will definitely come. Sure enough, his wish came true.
He found the owner of the shoes, the beautiful girl Qiniang. Later, they built up their relationship through singing Miao songs and became husband and wife, and lived a very happy life.
From then on, people followed this example and held this event once a year. In some places, it is said that Shen Nong sent a man and a woman to the East, looking for seeds back, planting grains to get a good harvest, so the Miao forefathers called the man and woman for the autumn, the Autumn Festival is the Miao forefathers for the thanksgiving to the Shen Nong and autumn and autumn and the folk festivals held by the grandmother.
The Catch the Autumn Festival reflects the Miao people's pursuit of a good harvest, prosperity and happiness.
9. How to write an essay on the Dai Water FestivalSpeaking of the Dai, people will coincidentally think of the Dai Water Festival, the grand scene, can not help but let the heart and soul yearning! Water Festival is the Dai New Year, is the grandest traditional festival in Xishuangbanna, during which a wealth of magical activities, attracting countless visitors at home and abroad, the Water Festival is generally three to four days, the first day of the New Year's Eve, is to send the old year's day, there are often rowing dragon boats, put Gao Sheng and other traditional activities (put Gao Sheng that is, burning homemade earth rockets).
The next day (or the third day) for the blank, it does not belong to the old year, nor does it belong to the new year, but the empty days between the old year and the new year, so this day (or two days) people are free to arrange activities. The third day is the New Year's Day of the Dai calendar, which is also the most lively day in the Dai calendar year.
Legend has it that it is "the day of the arrival of the King of Days". Early in the morning on this day, people dressed in costumes began to busy doing some Buddhist activities.
By midday, the busy women will carry water to wash the dust for the Buddha (i.e., "Bathing Buddha"), and ask the Buddha to bless the Dai family in the new year, all the best. This is the beginning of the joyful water-splashing activities.
Splashing is the most important traditional activity of the Water Festival, people splash each other, mutual blessing, the Dai people often say: "Once a year, splash the Festival, who can afford to splash who". Splashing water conveys the sincere friendship and love of young men and women, splashing water expresses people's blessings on each other, and the water of Shengji washes people's hard work, sweat, worries, and sorrows clean in a year.
Sprinkle the joy and holy water to the guests and passers-by from afar. To show respect and welcome to the guests, and to spread friendship to friends in all directions.
Traditional activities also include throwing bags to courtship, dancing peacock dance and majestic elephant foot drum dance, cultural performances, sports competitions, trade transactions, material exchanges and so on. At night, when you lie on the lawn, you will see a peacock lantern slowly rising from the lawn and flying into the sky with people's wishes.
The Songkran Festival is a sacred festival in the hearts of the Dai people, and also a happy festival in the hearts of the Dai people! Nowadays, China is really "a hundred miles of different winds, thousands of miles of different customs", each place has different characteristics.