Zhuang Zi went to see Duke Ai of Lu, who said, "There are many Confucian scholars in our country of Lu, but there are few who study Mr. Dao." Zhuangzi said, "There are very few Confucians in Lu." The Duke of Lamentations said, "The whole state of Lu wears the garb of Confucians, how can we say there are few Confucians?" Zhuang Zi said, "I have heard that a Confucian scholar who wears a dome hat on his head knows astronomy, one who wears square shoes knows geography, and one who wears a piece of jade tied with colorful silk threads knows how to be decisive in matters. The Confucians who really have such Taoist skills may not all wear such clothes, and those who wear such clothes may not really have such Taoist skills. If you don't believe in these words, then why don't you issue a decree in your country that anyone who wears this kind of clothes without such Taoist skills will be punished by death!" So Duke Lu really issued such an order, and after five days, there was no one in Lu who dared to wear the Confucian costume. There was only one man who stood in front of the palace gate wearing the Confucian costume. Duke Liao immediately summoned him and asked him about the affairs of the state, and he answered all the questions in a thousand different ways and in a thousand different ways. Zhuangzi said, "The state of Lu is so large, but there is only one true Confucian, can we say that there are many?" .
2. Urgent need of the Confucians of LuExplanation Zhuang Zi went to see Duke Ai of Lu, who said, "We have many Confucians in Lu, but very few of them study Mr. Dao."
Zhuangzi said, "There are very few Confucians in Lu." The Duke of Lamentations said, "How can you say that there are few Confucians when the whole of Lu wears the garb of Confucians?" Zhuang Zi said, "I heard that: all Confucian scholars, those who wear a dome hat mean that they know astronomy, those who wear square shoes mean that they know geography, and those who wear a piece of jade tied with colorful threads mean that they know how to be decisive in matters.
The Confucian scholars who really have this kind of Taoist skill may not all wear this kind of clothes, and those who wear this kind of clothes may not really have this kind of Taoist skill. You must not have believed these words originally, so why don't you issue a decree in the country that anyone who ventures to wear such garments without such Taoist skills will be punished by death!" So Duke Lu Ai really issued such an order, and after five days, there was no one in Lu who dared to wear the costume of a Confucian scholar.
There was only one man who stood in front of the palace gate wearing the Confucian costume. The Duke of Lamentations immediately summoned him and asked him about the affairs of state, and he answered all the questions in a thousand different and endless ways.
Zhuang Zi said, "With a country as large as Lu, but only this one man is a true Confucian, can we say much?" This fable is a grim way to test the authenticity of the Confucians in Lu, and to expose the falsehood that "the country is full of Confucians". Is not really knowledge, enough to be a true Confucian, can not just look at the clothing, just look at the appearance of signs, but must be in practice assessment, test.
Zhuangzi suggested an order to poke through how many imposters in vain. The husband, however, was fearless and stood up to the danger, answered all the questions, and showed the majesty of a true Confucian scholar.
The explanation of the word all to decisively so exhaustive Order, command.
3. Confucian dress and Confucian scholar 文言文Zhuangzi met Duke Ai of Lu. Duke Ai of Lu said, "There are many Confucians in Lu, but few of them are Mr. Fang." Zhuangzi said: "Lu less Confucian." Duke of Ai said: "Lift Lu country and Confucian service, what is less?" Zhuang Zi said: "Zhou heard, Confucian crown round crown, know the time of day; Cui sentence Cui person, know the terrain; slow Pei person, things to and break. Gentlemen have their own way, may not be for their clothes; for their clothes, may not know the way. Gong certainly think not, why not call in the country said: 'no such a way and this service, the crime of death.'" So I'm sorry that the public number of five days, and the state of Lu did not dare to Confucian service, only a husband secluded clothing and standing in the public door. The public is called and asked to state affairs, a thousand turns and endless. Zhuang Zi said: "to the state of Lu and Confucian one ear, can be said to be more?" From "Zhuangzi - Tian Zifang".
The translation of one day, Zhuang Zi into see Lu Ai Gong.
The Duke of Ai said, "There are many Confucian scholars in Lu, but there are very few who revere your Taoist doctrine."
Zhuangzi retorted, "Otherwise, there are very few Confucians in Lu."
When Duke Liao heard this, he cross-examined, "How can you say that there are few Confucians in Lu when the whole country is dressed in Confucians' clothes?"
Zhuang Zi said, "I heard that the Confucian scholar who wears a round hat knows the time of the day; the Confucian scholar who wears square shoes knows the geography; the Confucian scholar who wears colorful jade makes decisions and makes prompt decisions. People who really have this kind of knowledge do not necessarily wear this kind of clothing. Those who wear this kind of clothes may not know this kind of learning. If you think I am wrong, you can order the whole country: 'Those who do not understand Confucianism but wear Confucian clothes are punished with death.' Try to see how the result will be?"
So Duke Liao issued an order accordingly. After five days, there was no one in the country who dared to wear Confucian clothes. Only one husband, dressed in Confucian clothes, stood at the entrance of the palace.
Duke Mourning immediately summoned, asked about the state of affairs, and really full of wisdom, responded freely.
Zhuang Zi said, "Lu, as the hometown of Confucianism, has only one Confucian scholar, can it be counted as many?"
The purpose of the question is to look at people and things, not just look at the form, but the content. For people also do not only seek the surface, but to have real talent.
Many people think that Confucianism and Taoism are like water and fire, in fact, not entirely so.
Zhuang Zi went to Lu one day to meet the Lu group Ai Gong. Lu was originally a country of Confucianism, and the Duke of Ai said to Zhuang Zi: "We have no one here who believes in your doctrine, sir, and everywhere there are Confucians talking about Confucian books."
Zhuangzi said, "Good. But it seems to me that there are not more Confucians in Lu, but fewer."
"How can you say there are fewer?"
"Too few in name only. According to reason, the Confucian dress garden crown square temple, garden refers to the sky, square refers to the earth, should know astronomy and geography, there are many such preoccupations. Just as you give an order, no real talent dare to wear a Confucian uniform to die, you can see the real situation."
Duke Lu really gave an order, and there was only one person left in the country who dared to wear Confucian clothes on the street. Duke Lu Ai summoned him, and he was really a wizard. Only then did he realize that there are too many things in the world that don't live up to their names.
So, the Taoist argument about Confucianism is not a pure attack, but is actually something like this.
4. Translate an ancient text, Zhang Juzheng biography ofZhang Juzheng "and Wang Jizin on the righteousness of officials and ministers," the original text of the Tang and Yu dynasties, nine officials, 12 pastors, teachers and teachers, each effective in their own way, is not necessarily a man for the gods of earth and grain, the position of all the premier, and after the cozy in the heart of it is not? The first is that the first is the first to be a member of the family, and the second is the first to be a member of the family.
Now Yao and Shun are on the top, and they are the only ones who have been appointed to the post, and the servant has to fulfill the line of the Guan Yu, and he has to use the world's wise men and women to serve on the top.
The public is alone proudly far away from the lead, lamenting Nestle by, mocking the Yu Qi, wanting to cross the points of the non-escapable, but not easy to get the back of the time, this stupid Meng's not also like. Although people have their own aspirations, how can they be forced to do so? I am not sure what I mean by this, but I think it is a good idea for me to say that I am not a good person.
The translation of Tang Yao and Yu Shun's era, (the world) with nine central officials twelve state officials, talented people, (everyone) each (for the country) to serve, can not everyone must be known as the Dayu, Houji, positions are in the prime minister, and then to be able to heartache it? I am really glad to have met such a wonderful age. Now that a saintly ruler like Yao and Shun is on the throne, appointing loyal and wise men, I personally fulfill my duty of recommending wise men to the emperor, and I work diligently day and night to appoint wise men from all over the world to serve the emperor.
Scholars are born in this day and age, and there is no escape from morality; it is enough to do according to the times. However, you are proudly traveling far away, lamenting and admiring hermits like Chao Fu and Xu Yu, and ridiculing virtuous men like Xia Yu and Qi, and you want to escape from the inescapable duty and turn your back on the good times which are not easy to come across, this is a foolish and unclear heart which has not yet been enlightened.
But I am not sure how I can force you to do so, since everyone has his own will. For the time being, I would like to tell you what I have in mind, and I hope that a wise man will decide what is right and what is wrong.
It also refers to the era of Yao and Shun, which the ancients thought was a time of peace and prosperity.
The Records of the Grand Historian (史记-汲郑列传)：""Your Majesty has a lot of desires inside and is kind and righteous outside. Guo Moruo "Starry Night - Lone Bamboo Jun's Two Sons" poem: "I seem to be in the Tang Yu era before."
2. Nine officials: the nine ministers set by Shun in ancient times. The Book of Han - Liu Xiang biography: "I heard that Shun ordered nine officials, Jiji to give way, and to the extent."
Yan Shigu note: "Shangshu": Yu made Sikong, abandoned Houji, Chee Situ, blame Carefree for the Shi,垂***工, Yi 朕虞, Bo Yi rank Zong, Kui Dengle, Long Nayan, where nine officials also." Tang Du Mu "on the lieutenant of Li on *** book": "Although the nine officials Shun, ten people Zuo Zhou, school in the lieutenant, not comparable."
Later referred to the central officials of the nine ministers and six departments.
Song Ye Shih, "Jigang I": "Since Yao and Shun have come, outside the Yue Mu, within the nine officials, one to the system, issued to the text."
"Book - Shun Code": "Consulting ten two pastoral. Said: food is only time, soft far can be near, Tunde Yun Yuan, and difficult to appoint people, barbarians rate service."
Cai Shen set biography: "twelve pastors, twelve states of the pastor." Ming Tang Shunzhi "court test policy": "Although the philosophers such as Yao and Shun, and three years of performance, three exams deposed Yu Ming, within the nine officials, sixteen phases of the Yue Mu initiative, outside the four Yue, twelve pastors to the responsibility of the chief."
Qing Hou Fangwei "cronyism": "In the past, the world of the holy and bright, Yuan Kai's wisdom, must be with the nine officials, twelve pastoral acquaintance also." Later generalized to refer to the ancient magistrate.
Qing Wei Yuan "" Sheng Wu Ji " narrative ":" Taste the Zhou, Han, Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming of the middle leaf carry on ...... people see its material cloud cloth in the nine columns, twelve pastoral, but do not know that it is haggard in the irrigation of the Mang also." 4, division division: numerous appearance.
Song Su Shi "Zi Chen Temple on the first day of the word": "Want to know the peace of the whole thing, the division division of the heron full of clouds." Zhang Binglin "Su Zheng Proverbs": "Division division group of officials, cloth in the nine ****."
5, Jiji: numerous appearance. "Poetry - Daya - dry foot": "Looking at the dry foot, hazelnut Jizi."
Mao Zhuan: "Jizi, numerous." Tang Lu Lun's poem "The Morning Pilgrimage on the New Year's Day" said, "There are a lot of people in Jizi, and they are dancing and dancing with a lot of barbarians."
Zheng Guanying, Dangerous Words of the Shengshi - Western Learning: "I don't believe that there will be a lot of people who are not talented after a few years." Li Jieren, "***" Part III, Chapter 9: "The large square is already crowded with people."
6, hundred premier (kuí): Prime Minister of the state. Book - Shun Dian": "Na in the hundred premier, the hundred premier when the narrative."
Cai Shen Jie Chuan: "Premier, premise of the government of the official, but the Tang and Yu have, as if the week of the Tsukazai also." The old book of Tang dynasty - dai zong Ji: "Tang Yu occasion, within the hundred premier, common government but and."
Song Wang Anshi "Kui said": "There will be governance in the world, then can be no phase, so the appointment of Yu to house the hundred premier also."
And for the Son of Heaven, open the four doors, bright four eyes, up to four Cong, good questions, good to see the words of the near and far." 7, cozy heart: fast heart, satisfied.
"Later Han Book - Yang Biao biography": "The Division School Captain Yang ball therefore played the execution of Fu, the world is not cozy."
Fong Chou-yi's "Words of Hui Feng", Volume 1: "Often a word is made, and one is comfortable with it, so it seems that there is no need to change it again." 8, belonging to the appointment: appointment, appointment.
The Records of the Grand Historian - Xiao Xiangguo Shijia: "On this exclusive any Guanzhong matter." Han Xunyue "Han Ji - Gaozu Ji II": "Xiang Wang raspy scolding, thousands of people are all destroyed, but can not belong to the appointment of the virtuous general, especially the courage of the piffle ear."
Song Su Zhe "on Zhang Jie can not be used Zazi": "I have repeatedly thought that the words, and the court of the meaning of the right to ask not decline." Qing Xu Qianxue, "Nalan Jun epitaph": "This is also enough to know that on the so-appointed is not a day."
9, servant: used to refer to themselves as the word of modesty, I. 10, groveling: personal fulfillment.
Kong Congzi - Jiayan: "(Zhongni) said that the former king, groveling humility."
Northern History - Pei Chivalry: "Chivalry is thrifty and frugal, loves people like a son, and eats only beans, wheat, salt and vegetables." 11, through the fish: "Yi - stripped": "six five, through the fish to the palace people, favor, no adverse."
Wang Bi note: "Through the fish, that is, this many Yin also, parallel to the head of the second, like through the fish also." Gao Heng note: "Through, through also.
Through the fish each phase of the second, shall not be over, in order to metaphorical people have a scheduled order ...... lines: rulers such as through the fish of the scheduled order, with the Palace and favor, take turns when the evening, the Palace will not be jealous of favor, jealous of each other, and no disadvantage." Later referred to the second into the imperial, not favoritism.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Wanyuan biography on -.
5. Who knows the translation of the ancient text Li Jun Shan Fang JiTranslation Ivory, rhinoceros horn, pearls, precious jade and other exotic and precious things, can make people feel pleasant to look at, however, not suitable for practical use. Gold, stone, grass, wood, silk, hemp, grains, and six materials can be used for practical purposes, but when they are used, they are corrupted, and when they are taken, they are exhausted. It is pleasant to look upon, but fit for utility; it is not bad to use it, it is not exhaustive to take it: the gain of the wise and the unwise depends on their talents; the opinion of the benevolent and the wise follows their genius; and though talents and geniuses vary, yet no one is left without a gain by merely asking for it, but the book! A sage like Confucius must have begun his studies by reading. At this time, only Laozi, the Zhou dynasty's historian, was in charge of many books. Han Xuanzi went to Lu, and then saw the Yi Xiang and the Lu Spring and Autumn Annals. Ji Zha was invited by the vassal states of the Central Plains and then he could hear the winds, elegance and ode of the Book of Poetry. In Chu, only Zuo Shi Yixiang could read the Three Graves, the Five Classics, the Eight Suo, and the Nine Hills. The readers were born in this era, there are not many of them can see the six classics, their learning can be said to be very difficult, but they are very familiar with the rituals and music, moral cultivation is very deep, not the future generations of gentlemen can catch up. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, there have been more writers, the method of making paper and the strokes of writing have become simpler and simpler, and there have been more books, which no one in the world has failed to own. However, those who studied became more and more sloppy and inattentive. What is the reason? I also caught sight of the old Confucian predecessors, claiming that when they were young, they wanted to ask for the "Historical Records" and "Book of Han" but could not get it; by chance, they got it, they all copied it with their own hands, and recited it day and night, fearing that they would not be able to read it in time. In recent years, booksellers turn over and carve, the hundred schools of thought of the book, a day to circulate 10,000 sheets of paper, the book for the study of people, more and easy access to such a point, their articles and scholarship, should be many times more than their predecessors, but the young scholar of the imperial examination, all the books bundled up and not read, talk about no foundation, and what is the reason for this? My friend Li Gongze, when he was young in Mount Lushan five old peaks under the white stone nunnery in the monk's room to read. Gongze left, the mountain people miss him, he lived in the monk's room named "Li's room", the collection of more than 9,000 volumes of books ****. After wading through their streams and exploring their sources, he absorbed their essence, chewed their flavor, and transformed into his own learning, expressed in the article, implemented in action, and became famous in the contemporary era. However, the book was still the same as before, and had not been slightly damaged. He gave it to those who came after him, for them to seek it endlessly, and to satisfy the needs of people of different talents accordingly. So he did not hide the book in his house, but in the monk's room where he lived before. This is the mind of a benevolent man! I am both weak and sick, there is nothing to be utilized by the world, I hope to have a few years of leisure, all those unseen books. I would have liked to visit Mount Lushan but could not, and (if I could) I am afraid I shall end up there. I will open all of Gongze's books and pick up his discarded books to enrich myself, perhaps it is beneficial? Gongzai asked me to write an article for the collection of books, so I wrote a few sentences for him, battle later the master knows that once upon a time a gentleman's difficulty in reading, and it is a pity that nowadays those who seek to learn have books but do not read them.