1. Skin
In "The Book of Songs·Shuofeng·Weiren", the beauty Zhuang Jiang is described as having "skin like gelatin". Congealed fat, solidified fat, is broken, smooth, delicate and white. For more than two thousand years, the characteristic of "condensed fat" has been one of the main criteria for beauty in ancient China.
Beauties are charming and versatile, after all, they mainly focus on sex. ("Xianqing Ouji·Voice and Appearance Department" Li Yu) The Book of Songs says: "A plain person is gorgeous!" As the ultimate white, the word "Snow" is regarded as the standard for skin color. Song Yu described the girl next door as having "eyebrows as green as green feathers and skin as white as snow" in "The Erotic Ode of a Dengtuzi". Other words such as "skin is better than snow", "skin is like condensed snow", "defying frost and competing with snow" are everywhere visible.
In addition, crystal clear, transparent and warm white jade is also often used to modify the skin of beautiful women. For example, Mrs. Hua Rui from the Five Dynasties had "ice skin, jade bones, and no sweat."
Simple white is not the only standard for skin color. The color that coordinates with white is pink. "The Book of Songs: Peach Blossoms" says: "The peach blossoms burn brightly." The full luster of peach blossoms and peach fruits was used to describe the "beautiful" bride. Later, "beautiful as a peach and plum" was used to describe the beauty of a woman. . The goddess in "Luo Shen Fu" looks "bright as the sun rising as morning glow" from a distance, and "shines like a lotus emerging from Lubo" up close. "Peach blossoms contain dew", "water lotus", "water red water chestnuts" and other similar words to describe beauties are all focused on pink.
Similarly depicting the beauty of Concubine Yang, Bai Juyi's poem "A Sprig of Pear Blossoms Brings Rain in Spring" focuses on pear blossoms of the same color as Bai. And Li Bai's "A branch of red dew condenses the fragrance" focuses on the bright red of the same color as the peony.
Song Yu described the girl next door in "Ode to the Lustful Deng Tuzi" as "if she wears powder, she will be too white, and if she applies rhubarb, she will be too red." This puts forward the harmonious beauty standard of white and rosy, which is also a kind of health. The beauty.
In ancient times, the perfect combination of white and red was nothing more than "no makeup, but the color is like morning glow reflecting snow" (Empress Xiaohui of Han Dynasty, Zhang Yan). The morning glow reflects on the white snow. The beauty of the artistic conception alone is enough to be intoxicating and breathtaking.
Representative figure: Mrs. Guo Guo, Yang Guifei’s sister.
"Mrs. Guo Guo was the most beautiful among the sisters and was very popular with Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. She gave her one hundred thousand yuan a month to buy makeup. Guo Guo was proud of her beauty, and she often wore a plain face whenever she went out of the palace. Facing the sky. Du Fu's poem: "The lady of the state of Guo has received the Lord's favor, and she rides to the palace gate in Pingming. But I don't like the makeup and powder to pollute the color, so I lightly sweep my eyebrows towards the Supreme Being. ”
Classic link:
Liu Bei’s wife, Queen Gan, had soft jade skin and a gorgeous posture. Once Liu Bei summoned Queen Gan to a white gauze tent. His subordinates looked from a distance and saw only the tent. Queen Gan in the middle is like the snow gathering under the moon. Henan presented a beautiful woman, three feet tall, and placed her behind her. Two. "The subordinates were dazzled and dumbfounded.
2. Hands
"The Book of Songs? Wei Feng? Shuo Ren" writes that the beauty Zhuang Jiang "has hands like catkins and skin like gelatin. . "Catine is the bud stem of thatch. It is white and smooth; it is so tender that water comes out when you pinch it, and it is so slender that it seems like it has no bones. Its beauty is that it can emit a faint aroma. Take a bite gently, and the fragrance will linger on your lips and teeth. Use It is really vivid, expressive and appropriate to describe the fingers of a beautiful woman. In "Ode to Hands" by the poet Han Xi of the Tang Dynasty, he compared the hands with "white-skinned red jade shoots" to tender shoots and teeth, which has the same meaning as catkins.
In addition, the heroine Liu Lanzhi in "The Peacock Flies Southeast" compares her fingers to peeled green onions, which is quite classic in terms of shape and color. "Zhi" poem: "Slender soft jade peeled spring onions, growing in the fragrant green sleeves. "The fingers are compared to white jade. Crystal clear, transparent and warm. The four characteristics all constitute the standard of beautiful hands in ancient China.
Representative figure: Zhuang Jiang
Classic link 1:
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang rewarded King Chang Yuchun of Kaiping with a maid. As a result, Chang Yuchun fell in love with his beautiful girl, and played with her all day long. Chang Yuchun's wife was angry when she saw this. Chang Yuchun was so depressed that it is difficult to describe.
When he went to court, he saw that his sixth brother was unhappy, and after repeated inquiries, he learned the truth and said, "This is a trivial matter." , why not reward a younger sister with more beautiful catkins? And drink tolerantly. "Secretly ordered several lieutenants to go to Chang Yuchun's palace to dismember Chang Yuchun's wife, and each gave a piece of meat to the ministers, which was called "shrew meat". Chang Yuchun was shocked and turned pale and hurriedly thanked her and returned.
Classic link 2:
Zhang Yaoer, the overlord of Emperor Chenwu of the Southern Dynasty, was smart, handsome and had five-inch fingernails. The color is red and white, and every time there is a funeral, one fingernail will be broken first.
3. Hair
Black, bright, thick and slender hair is the standard for beautiful women in ancient China. There are ancient poems praising women's dark and thick hair in the "Book of Songs", my country's first collection of poetry. "The Book of Songs·阘风·Gentlemen grow old together" contains: "Hai hair is like clouds, disdain for hair. "鬒" means thick and black hair, and "髢" means false bun. This ancient poem praises thick and dark hair like The dark clouds in the sky, with such black hair, disdain the use of fake buns. Later generations often use dark clouds to refer to women's hair, such as the expression "dark clouds are high"
The ancients praised women. Beautiful hair is often named "hair". For example, "Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-Eighth Year of Duke Zhao" records: "In the past, there was a daughter of the still family. Her hair was black and very beautiful, and she was named Xuan Wife. ""Taiping Yulan" records that "(Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) looked at his (Wei Zifu's) hair on the temples and was delighted with it." As soon as Wei Zifu's hair was opened, it was like a black waterfall, sparkling and attracted people immediately. The young emperor Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (it is said that Emperor Wu was worried about having no descendants at that time, so he paid more attention to certain Taoist views, such as those with thick and dark hair, who have strong Qi and blood, and those with strong Qi and blood live longer and have more children.) "Chen Shu·Hou Zhu" The "Biography of Concubine Zhang" attached to "The Biography of Empress Shen" records: "Concubine Zhang's hair is seven feet long, and her hair is like lacquer, and its light can be seen. Another example is "Selected Works of Zhaoming·Seven Bian" which says: "The black hair and black hair can be judged by light." "鬒" and "Xuan" are both words to praise black hair. The hair is so bright that it can be used as a bronze mirror to shine on people, which is breathtaking.
Except for Wei Zifu and Zhang Guifei, everyone has jet black hair. In addition to her beautiful long hair, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Chen Damei was both talented and beautiful, with her hair more than seven feet long. Shi Hu loved her so much that he married her as his concubine. "The New Book of Tang: Biography of the Concubines" records that she was the wife of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin's mother, Empress Taimu Shun Shengdou, was born with hair that hung down past her neck. She started to have hair at the age of three, and when she grew up, she had dark and beautiful hair.
Ancient women. There are many hairstyles, such as straight hair (Zhang Lihua), short hair (Liang Luzhu), curly hair (Zhao Hede), tied hair (Zhao Feiyan), coiled hair (Zhen Fei), etc.
Representative: Zhang Lihua
Classic link 1:
During the reign of Emperor Ming of Jin Dynasty, Grand Sima Huanwen took the daughter of Li Shi, the lord of Shu, as his concubine. Huanwen's wife, Princess Kang, was so jealous that she wanted to kill Li with a knife. Li was combing his hair in front of the window, his hair hanging down to the ground, and his appearance was extremely beautiful. He put his hands together and said to the princess: "The country is destroyed and the family is destroyed without any intention. If you can see him killed, he is still alive. "The expression was leisurely and the words were gentle. The princess threw the knife and hugged Sister Li and said: I feel pity for you, let alone the old slave (Huan Wen)?" (see "Jealousy").
Classic link 2: "Ten Buns Yao"
◇Feng bun (known as the step-shaking bun during the reign of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty) has curly hair, and the phoenix hangs upside down. When I want to play the flute, the wind is flying.
◇ Near the fragrant bun (during the time of Qin Shihuang), the fragrance is fragrant and the birds are flying in the clouds. The eyes are natural, so there is no need for anointing.
◇Flying Immortal Bun (When the Queen Mother surrendered to Emperor Wu) Feixian Feixian descended in front of the Emperor. Looking back, the light is like fog and smoke.
◇Tongxin bun (during the Han Yuan Dynasty), the peach leaves were attached to the roots, and the same was true for the hair. Su Xiaoxiling has similar singing voice.
◇Falling into a horse bun (Liang Ji’s wife) wearing a bun, falling into a romantic style. Not as good as Zhu Niang, she fell down from the building.
◇Spirit Snake Bun (Empress Wei Zhen) The Spring Snake learns the book, and the Ling Snake learns the bun. Luopu Lingbo flies away like a dragon.
◇The hibiscus bun (during the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty) was cut out of the spring mountain and can be seen in the mirror. A ray of light, the flower house suddenly opened.
◇ Sitting in a bun with sorrow (during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty), flowers bloomed in the north of the Yangtze River and flowers rested in the south of the Yangtze River. Thin hair is difficult to comb, and excessive hair is prone to knotting.
◇Reverse Wan Leyou Bun (during the time of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty) On the Leyou Plain, the grass is as soft as cotton. There are many graceful servant girls, drunk by the spring breeze.
4. Face
The standard face shape of ancient beauties is slightly round in the upper part and slightly pointed in the lower part, shaped like a melon seed, plump and white, commonly known as goose (goose egg) face. This is the standard face shape of Chinese beauties. In addition, "face like the full moon" is also a face shape that conforms to ancient Chinese aesthetic standards. The face is like a full moon, which means that the face is round and white, like the full moon, and the appearance is fair, plump, rich and energetic.
The beautiful woman Zhuang Jiang in "The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Shuo Ren": "The head of a wolfberry has the eyebrows of a moth." The head of a wolfberry refers to a small insect similar to a cicada. Its forehead is full and smooth.
Dimples on the face are also called dimples or dimples.
There are many descriptions of smiles in ancient Chinese literary works. There is a saying in "Chu Ci·Dazhao" that "the dimples are like dots, and the eyebrows are like Zhang Zhang, and they are fat and soft," Ban Jieyu of the Han Dynasty wrote in "Tao Su Fu". Words like "Smile like a flower" are wonderful.
Dimples are also called pear dimples, which come from the poem "There is a slight dimple on the cheek of a pear next to it". Originally referring to the dimples of Li Qian, a beauty from the Song Dynasty, it was later generally referred to as the dimples on a woman’s cheeks. A standard oval face with a pear-shaped smile is enough to add charm.
Representative figures: Mrs. Prince Ping of Chu, Bo Ying, has bright eyes and beautiful face, and a face like a goose egg; Queen Xiaohui of Han Dynasty, Zhang Yan, left an empty palace in seclusion and no one knew how beautiful it was. Particularly difficult to achieve is the slight halo mark on both sides of the mouth when she smiles coquettishly.
Classic links:
Hu Quan, a famous minister of the Anti-Japanese War faction in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote to the treacherous minister Qin Hui of the Zhuhe faction and his accomplices Wang Lun and Sun Jin to behead and "Gan Zhi Gao Street" Qin Hui suddenly He was furious and demoted Hu Quan to Lingnan for ten years on the charge of "arrogance, ferocity and instigating hijacking". In Guangzhou, Hu Quan fell in love with a beautiful woman named Li Qian (it is said that Li Qian was a courtesan, but according to Yuan Mei here, according to the records in "The Complete Collection of Zhu Xi's Notes" by Song Shilie of North Korea, Li Qian was a married woman. Her husband discovered the affair between Hu Quan and Li Qian, and ordered Hu Quan to eat horse feed mixed with beans, otherwise he would be killed. Hu Quan had no choice but to suffer humiliation.) Hu Quan and Li Qian returned from their exile to the north. On the way, Hu Quan drank in Hu's Garden in Xiangtan, and while slightly drunk he wrote a poem on the wall: "You are so kind as to return to this drunken place, and there are pear cheeks with slight dimples next to it."
V. Eyes
The standard for beautiful eyes in ancient China focuses on both charm and appropriate metaphors. "There is a beautiful woman in the north, who has left behind the world and is independent. She once looked at the Qingren city, and then looked at the Qingren country" ("Han Shu·Mrs. Xiaowu Li Biography"). Yang Guifei "looked back and smiled with all her beauty, the pink and white in the sixth palace have no color." (Bai Juyi in "Everlasting Sorrow"). The charm of this kind of eyes is the standard of beautiful eyes in ancient China.
The water in autumn is clear and bright, and the "autumn water" and "autumn waves" are everywhere. In ancient times, it was often used to describe the eyes of beautiful women. Clear and bright eyes were the standard for the eyes of ancient beauties. In the poem "Zheng" by Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty: "The eyes are cut with autumn water, and the ten fingers are peeled off spring onions." Bai Juyi's "Zheng Poetry": "The eyes are cut with autumn water, and the ten fingers are peeled off. "Spring green onions". (There are also those who use "autumn water" to describe men's eyes, such as Li He's "Tang Children's Song": "A pair of pupils can cut autumn water." In fact, in ancient times, the standards for handsome men and beautiful women were very similar in some aspects. ) In the poem "The Full Moon" by Zhao Yong of the Yuan Dynasty: "I still remember the farewell, my eyes are filled with autumn water, and the spring water is wet with tears". Li Bai's "Long Love": "The eyes were full of waves in the past, but now they are fountains of tears"; the eyes of a beautiful woman. Such as autumn water and autumn waves, the beautiful women's "secret autumn waves" are even more heart-stirring.
Without exception, the beauties in the pictures of ladies have single eyelids, and most of them have thin eyelids. Long phoenix eyes. I can’t help but laugh at the phenomenon of double eyelid surgery nowadays.
Representative: Yang Guifei
Classic link: Zhang Guifei (Lihua) has seven feet of hair and black hair. Like lacquer, its light can be discerned. The ice and snow are intelligent, full of energy, and beautiful in appearance. Every time you look at it, the light shines on you, often on the pavilion, on the threshold, and in the palace. , floating like a fairy.
7. Nose
The aesthetic requirements of ancient China are very comprehensive and harmonious. "The face is like a flower, and the nose is the main one." The most prominent part of the face. The standard of a beautiful woman’s nose is that it is exquisite and clear. In ancient times, there was a saying that “the nose is as beautiful as Qiong Yao”. Qiong Yao is a kind of beautiful jade, which is crystal clear, smooth and warm. "The nose is like hanging gallbladder" focuses on the three-dimensional beauty of the nose.
Representative figure: Cui Yingying in Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber": Just like the cherry on the sandalwood mouth, the pink nose leans on the pale white pear blossom surface. Willow waist.
Classic link:
King Wei gave King Chu Huai a beautiful woman who looked like a fairy. King Chu Huai was so happy that he hugged his wife all night. Zheng Xiu saw that the King of Chu doted on this beauty, so he stayed close to her all day long and gave her a lot of beautiful clothes and rare treasures. The King of Chu happily said, "Madam, she knows that I dote on this new beauty. I like and favor this beauty even more than I do. This is how a filial son respects his parents and a loyal minister serves his monarch."
Zheng Xiu knew that the King of Chu no longer thought he was jealous, so he pretended to be concerned one day. He said to the new beauty: "The king likes and dotes on you very much, but he hates your nose. Cover your nose when you see the king, and the king will love you for a long time." The beauty was already grateful to the lady and believed it when she heard it. .
Looking at himself in the mirror, he noticed that his nose was not pleasing to the eye, so he covered his nose every time he saw King Chu. The King of Chu was confused and quietly asked Zheng Xiu: "The newlyweds cover their noses when they see me. Why?" Zheng Xiu deliberately hesitated and hesitated and said: "How did I know?" I was suspicious of the situation, so I insisted on asking. She replied: "Not long ago, the newcomer said that he hated the smell of the king." King Chu said angrily: "Cut her nose." Zheng Xiu warned the attendants in advance: "If the king speaks, he must obey the order. ”
The attendant then pulled out his knife and cut off the beauty’s delicate nose.
8. Lips
The aesthetic standards of beautiful lips in ancient China are that their color should be ruddy and shiny; their shape should be small. People often use "cherries" to describe lips, not only because of their shape, but also because of their color. As early as the pre-Qin Dynasty's "Chu Ci·Dazhao", there is a saying that "the red lips are white and the teeth are beautiful, and the maiden is beautiful". Liu Lanzhi's "mouth is like a red pill" in "The Peacock Flying Southeast" all talks about the beauty of ruddy lips. According to Meng Qi's "Poems of Poem: Reflections on Things": Bai Juyi had two young and beautiful concubines, Fan Su and Xiao Man. Among them, Fan Su is good at singing, and Xiao Man is good at dancing. Bai Juyi once wrote a poem to praise: "Fan Su has a cherry mouth, and a willow has a small waist." Fan Su's lips are small and red, just like a ripe cherry. Su Shi also wrote "A Cherry Fan Sukou" to describe the beauty of the beauty's lips.
Cherry is used to describe the lips of a beauty. In terms of color, it should be red and bright, just like a delicate and ripe cherry; firstly, in terms of shape, it should be small and pleasant, so-called "The lips are a little bit smaller than Zhu Rui". Chinese people often use "color" to refer to women, and a large part of it certainly refers to the bright color of their faces. Just imagine, a picture of a beautiful woman, with "skin like cream" on her face, lightly swept eyebrows and bright eyes, will undoubtedly give people a sense of elegance and delicacy. But the color is still a bit monotonous and not very bright. If paired with a bright red lip, it will be instantly radiant. On a face based on white and black, red lips play an important embellishment role, making the face color rich and bright, full of vitality.
Beauty lips are often described as "tankou" or "red lips". Sandalwood is a light red or light purple pigment that was often used as lipstick by women in ancient times, so "tankou" became a special term to describe women's light red lips. For example, a poem by Han Xie, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "The eyebrows are slightly green, and the sandalwood lips are thin and red." The "tankou" in the poem is also the "thin" and "red" lips. .
As for the beauty’s tongue, there are also special terms. Among many famous flowers, lilac stands out due to its fragrance and shape, and has become the representative flower of beauty's fragrant tongue. The word "cloves spitting slightly" is evocative.
Representative figure: Queen Chen Ajiao of the Han Dynasty (Mo Mei Tan Mou)
Classic link one:
Whenever Yan Song's son Yan Shifan coughed, several beauties would open their mouths The delicate cherry mouth made him spit it in his mouth. Yan Shifan laughed and called it a "meat spit pot".
Classic link 2.
Ou Gong (Ouyang Xiu) knew about Yingzhou, where there was an official prostitute named Lu Meier, who was beautiful in appearance and often had the fragrance of lotus flowers in her mouth. A Shu monk said: "This person was formerly a nun and has been reciting the Lotus Sutra for twenty years."
9. Teeth
Crystal white, neat and even, and lustrous, they are the beauties of ancient China. Dental standards.
The beauty Zhuang Jiang in "The Book of Songs·Shuofeng·Weiren" has "teeth like a rhinoceros". A rhinoceros, the seed of a gourd, is crystal white and small and neat. Song Yu described the girl next door as having "teeth like shells in her mouth" in "The Lustful Ode of Dengtuzi". Cao Zhi said in "Luo Shen Fu": "The red lips are bright on the outside, and the white teeth are fresh on the inside." The word "fresh" refers to the luster of the white teeth. Someone once listed red lips and white teeth as one of the top ten alluring gestures of ancient Chinese beauties. The red lips parted slightly in a charming smile, and the neat white teeth indeed added to the beauty's charm.
Representative figure: Zhuang Jiang
Classic link one:
Top ten alluring gestures of ancient beauties. Black hair and cicada temples; cloud bun and misty servant girl; green eyebrows and indigo; bright eyes with longing eyes; red lips and white teeth; jade fingers and plain arms; slender waist and snow-skinned skin; lotus-stepped socks; red makeup and whitewash; and fragrant limbs.
Classic link two:
Du Lingyang, the great-granddaughter of Zhennan general Du Yu, was born with skin as thick as gelatin and an appearance like a fairy. There was an endless stream of people coming to propose marriage, but when they saw this beautiful girl smiling brightly, without showing her white, straight teeth, they all looked at her and looked away. It turns out that this great beauty is not pretending to be a lady and smiles without showing her teeth, but she has not had teeth since she was a child. If Du Lingyang can't achieve anything high or low, of course he will stay in the boudoir.
On the eve of the Jin Cheng Emperor's acceptance, the beauty suddenly had a mouth full of white and neat teeth. And she was successfully shortlisted by virtue of her family background, beauty and teeth, and passed the test and ascended the throne of the queen. In history, she was called Queen Jincheng Gongdu. (See "Book of Jin: Biography of the Concubines")
10. Neck
The standard for a beautiful neck in ancient times was white, smooth and plump. A woman's neck should be as white as ivory and as smooth as velvet. It should not be too thin and slender, but should be slightly plumper and more sexy. "The Book of Songs? Wei Feng? Shuo Ren" writes about the beautiful woman Zhuang Jiang: "The neck is like a cockroach", which is the earliest mention of the beauty of a woman's neck in China. The collar is the neck; the larvae are the larvae of beetles and mulberry cows, milky white, long and plump. "The collar is like a cricket grub" means that the neck is as white and plump as a cricket grub. The uncommon word "褤褴" gradually disappeared from people's sight, replaced by the extremely beautiful scented neck and pink neck.
In the poem "Gifts on the Banquet", Han Xie describes the fragrant and tender whiteness of a woman's neck with the line "the fragrance hangs from the temples and the clouds cover the lotus root", which is quite classic. Zeng Bu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem: "The pink neck breaks the Yaoqiong between the windows." There is a word titled "Pink Neck" in "Xunfang Ya Ji" of the Ming Dynasty. "The frosty skin is not stained and is rounded. There are many toads on the temples. The hooks and pulls can fade away the fragrance. When we are tired, we often fall in love with each other. Delicate and tender, every time we work, we look forward to a good relationship."
< p>Representative figure: Zhuang Jiang11. Breasts
Before the Tang Dynasty, there were no aesthetic requirements or standards for breasts. Literary works describing beauties, such as "The Book of Songs·Shuofeng·Weiren", "Dengtuzi Lustful Fu", "Luo Shen Fu", etc., do not mention breasts at all. In particular, "Luo Shen Fu" is gorgeously arranged and describes the female body in great detail, but it is silent about the breasts. "Miscellaneous Secrets of the Han Dynasty" describes the full physical examination of Liang Shang's daughter Liang Ying during the court beauty pageant of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which can be described as meticulous. Even when her breasts are mentioned, there are only four words: "breasts and hair." (Shu is the general name for beans, which roughly describes her breasts as being like newborn bean sprouts, very delicate.) It can be seen that having a flat chest does not affect her beauty.
A large number of works describing breasts began to appear in the Dunhuang music lyrics of the Tang Dynasty. For example, "The snow on the plain breast has not disappeared, and it is light and clear." ("Yun Yao Collection·Feng Guiyun") "The plain chest has a lotus face with low eyebrows, and a smile of thousands of flowers is not shy." ("Yun Yao Collection· Huanxisha") "Snow The chest is scattered, and the tender face is red." ("Yunyao Collection: Neijia Jiao") "The snow on the chest is bitten by the king." ("Yunyao Collection: Yu Gezi") The poet Han Xi of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "There is something on the table." In the poem "Gift", the white, fragrant and soft beauty of a woman's breasts is described as "pink orchid breasts, snow-capped plum blossoms". The standards of white, fragrant and soft are beginning to take shape.
According to various unofficial records such as "Sui and Tang Dynasties": Concubine Yang had an affair with An Lushan, and her breasts were scratched by An Lushan's nails, so she invented a kind of herbal medicine called "Myrobalan". Bra cover. It is also said that Concubine Yang once drank, and her clothes slipped down, revealing her breasts slightly. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty touched her breasts and described them as: "Soft and warm, freshly peeled chicken heads." An Lushan added a sentence to the side: "Smooth and first condensed." Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty didn't care at all and said with a smile: "Sure enough, he is a barbarian and only knows cake." "Su" is a cheese product made from cow's milk and goat's milk, which is naturally white; It means "crunchy" or "soft", and it also makes people feel the texture of breasts.
The female fairy in Chapter 72 of "Journey to the West" written in the middle of the Ming Dynasty: "Her breasts are as white as silver, and her jade body is as thick as snow." Zhu Yizun (a famous scholar and poet in the early Qing Dynasty) wrote in In "Qinyuan Chun·Ru", "the breasts are vaguely blue, the hair is evenly distributed, and the fat is fragrant." The word "fat" in one sentence not only expresses the plumpness of the breasts, but also contains the meaning of "whiteness" of the breasts. The word "lan" contains the meaning of fragrance. When Xu Zhen compiled "Beauty Book", he placed breasts in an important position.
Representative figure: Yang Guifei
Classic link:
In Western literature and modern love literature, plump, white breasts have always played the sexy protagonist. China's classical love culture is like Third Sister You's attire, which only reveals a green tube top and a trace of snow breasts. Because before the Song and Yuan Dynasties in ancient times, there were no aesthetic requirements for breasts; after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the central position was occupied by the three-inch golden lotus.
Twelve. Feet
The ancient Chinese scholars had a special liking for women’s small feet. The goddess's subtle steps in "Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River" are full of gestures, but they are dynamic. The noble concubine Pan Yu'er of the Southern Qi Dynasty left the young emperor Xiao Baojuan in a state of shock. Xiao Baojuan was especially fascinated by her pair of tiny feet that were as soft as boneless and shaped like spring bamboo shoots. In his free time, Xiao Baojuan would touch, rub, smell, and even kiss and bite Pan Yuer's feet.
He ordered the craftsmen to make pure gold lotus flowers and spread them on the ground, and then asked Pan Yuer to walk and dance on them with her bare feet. Xiao Baojuan exclaimed: "It's really like a step-by-step lotus flower!" Foot fetish was just an individual phenomenon at that time, not a universal phenomenon. During the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, there was a palace maid who was light and good at dancing. Her feet were bound with silk, and her feet were as small as a crescent moon. She wore plain stockings and danced on a six-foot-tall golden lotus. She was deeply loved by Li Yu, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty. From then on, foot binding gradually became popular in the court. Since the Song Dynasty, the practice of foot binding has spread among the people, and the "three-inch golden lotus" has become the basic requirement for female beauty since the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Representative figure: Pan Yuer
Classic link:
Three shadows of Xianglian: the shadow of Cuju on the moss among the flowers; the shadow of the water in the flowing water; the lantern at the moment of spring night Foreshadow.
Karen Mikami: Palm. on the shoulders. On the swing board.
Three hits: Got hit. In the stirrup. In the snow.
Three times: Under the curtain. under the screen. Under the fence.
13. Waist
A slim waist is an important feature of ancient Chinese beauties. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a record that "the king of Chu had such a thin waist that many died of starvation in the palace." The girl next door in Song Yu's "The Lustful Ode of a Dengtuzi" and the goddess in "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" have "shoulders cut into pieces and waist as if they were just plain" both try their best to exaggerate the slenderness of a beautiful woman's waist. "The Biography of Zhao Feiyan" written by Lingxuan of the Han Dynasty describes the origin of Feiyan's name, saying that she is "long, slender, light, and graceful in her manners. People call her Feiyan." The "Farewell Biography of Zhao Feiyan" written by Qiao Chuan Qin Chunzi records that she has "slender waist bones". During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, slim waists were also regarded as beautiful. "Southern History·Biography of Xu Mian" records that Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty gave Xu Mian many female musicians. Among them was the dancer Zhang Jingwan, "with a waist circumference of one foot and six inches. People at that time praised him for being able to dance on the palm of his hand." There was also Yang Kan's concubine Sun Jingyu, who could perform reflexology. Close to the ground, holding the hosta on the mat.
The Tang Dynasty, which regarded plumpness as a beauty, focused on the plumpness and health of muscles, especially the plumpness of the face, on the premise of maintaining the curves and contours of women's waists. "Floating and whirling back to the light snow, the beauty is sending the dragon to a surprise. The willow behind the little hand is weak, and the clouds are about to come to life when the train is slanted." This is Bai Juyi's description of the scene of Yang Guifei's "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Dance". It would be impossible for someone with a bloated waist to perform such a graceful dance. Bai Juyi's concubine Xiaoman had a waist as slim as a willow, hence the classic poem "Willow as small as a man's waist". After the Tang Dynasty, I won’t go into details. It is worth mentioning that the standard for beautiful women in the Han Dynasty was skinny beauty, even a kind of morbid beauty. Lijuan, the beauty favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, had soft jade skin and breathtaking orchids. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty often tied up his beautiful silk sleeves with his belt and closed them in a heavy tent, fearing that they would be blown away by the wind. Another example is Zhao Feiyan, who can dance on the palms of her hands. Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty built the "Wind Control Pavilion" for fear that the wind would blow her away.
Representative figure: Zhao Feiyan
Classic link:
Fourteen, Fragrance
Li Yu, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "The Sound of Leisure Occasionally" "Rongbu" said: "Famous flowers and beauties all have the same smell. Those with national beauty must have heavenly fragrance. Tianxiang is born from the twins, not self-inflicted. This kind of beauty is real in the body, and it is not a word to show beauty. . This kind of fragrance can also be found in those who are not very delicate in appearance, but can occasionally be good at it. "Women's body fragrance can be divided into two types: natural and acquired. The former is the natural body odor produced by women themselves, which is called the natural body odor of women. "Heavenly Fragrance";
The earliest woman in history to be famous for her fragrance is the most famous one, Lijuan, a court lady favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. She had soft jade skin and a breath that was as good as orchid. But was it because she had a heavenly fragrance? And know. Zhao Feiyan's sister, Zhao Hede, had a natural fragrance and was the earliest recorded beauty with a heavenly fragrance in history. As for Zhao Feiyan, who also blows like an orchid, it is a result of acquired influence. The latter is mainly obtained through bathing, incense and other methods. According to the unofficial history "Zhao Feiyan's Biography", Feiyan was originally a singing girl in the Han Palace. Because of her light body and good dancing, she was deeply loved by Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. She was called into the palace and was named queen. Feiyan later introduced her sister Zhao Hede to the palace, recommended her to Emperor Cheng, and named her Jieyu. Soon, Emperor Cheng favored Hede and ignored Feiyan. Although both of them are extremely beautiful women with fragrant body and beautiful appearance, the source of their body odor is different, which even led to a tragedy and comedy in the court of competing for favor. It is said that Emperor Cheng once said to people in private: "Although the queen (Feiyan) has a strange fragrance, it is not as good as Jieyu's body fragrance." So Feiyan, in order to compete with her sister who had a "celestial fragrance" and regain her lost status, Try your best to add body fragrance: "bath in the fragrant soup of five Yun Qi, sit on a water seat with Tongxiang, burn the incense of Bai Yun, and use Fu Hua Baiying powder." This story shows that there is a difference between natural and artificial body fragrance for women, but unfortunately not everyone has this "natural fragrance".
Concubine Rong in "Manuscripts of the History of the Qing Dynasty: Biography of the Concubines" was a Uighur nationality. She entered the palace in the 25th year of Qianlong's reign and was initially granted the title of noble, then promoted to concubine and then to concubine. It is written in the unofficial history of the Qing Dynasty: "The Princess of Huibu of a certain surname was the beauty of the country; she was born with a strange fragrance, and she did not fake it. She was called "Xiang Fei" by the people of the country. Legend has it that Qianlong heard that Xiang Fei's body produced fragrance by herself, and she was unparalleled in beauty. , ordered General Zhaohui to march westward and must get Xiangfei. Zhaohui sent Xiangfei to the capital at the cost of the soldiers' blood. After Xiangfei entered the palace, Emperor Qianlong took good care of her. Missing the hometown, feeling depressed all day long, the fragrance disappears very early.
If ordinary women want to have an attractive body fragrance, they need to use dyeing methods to increase the fragrance of their bodies to make up for their inherent deficiencies. . Li Yu admitted that "national beauty and natural fragrance" can be encountered but cannot be sought, and believed that dyeing is legitimate. "There is national color but natural fragrance, and there is no national color but natural fragrance. They are all one in a thousand; the rest are dyeing." The power is indispensable. "In addition to being infected, Xue Yaoying, a concubine of Yuan Zai in the Tang Dynasty, ate the "xiang pills" made by her mother for a long time when she was a child (fermented pollen was used to make oral beauty pills). When she grew up, her skin was soft and her body was fragrant. And Qing Shi left his name.