--Taking Kangjia Village, Xinkaihe Town, Tai'an County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, and Xiaoma Village, Gaotuo Town, Haicheng City, as an example
Abstract: This paper, with the theme of the construction of new rural culture, narrates the current situation and problems of the construction of rural culture at the present time and describes the importance of the cultural construction in the construction of the socialist new countryside in the rural areas. It describes the importance of rural cultural construction in the construction of new socialist countryside, explains the quality of life of the masses can not be separated from the culture, culture affects the overall development of rural areas, etc. and combines with its own research information, analyzes the causes of the problem and gives its own suggestions for the reference of the relevant government departments.
Keywords: cultural activities, spare time, endogenous force, external force
Introduction: Improve the grass-roots cultural services, is an important people's livelihood projects, related to the overall situation of the construction of the new socialist countryside. With the continuous development of the rural economy, the rural masses of the material life has been enhanced, the results of the rural cultural construction has been greatly improved, but through some phenomena found that the rapid development of rural material life and cultural development has produced a great deviation, "rich" only rich in the surface. The slow pace of building cultural activities in rural areas is due to the constraints imposed by the immaturity of cultural positions, the lack of "protection" for literary and artistic talents, the low "quality" of cultural products, and the paucity of social assistance. The lack of development of cultural activities has led to a lack of spare time for the rural masses and a poor overall quality of thought, thus affecting the spiritual and cultural construction in rural areas and the speed of the construction of a new countryside.
The report of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee pointed out the main points of the planning for the prosperous development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, focusing on the rural grassroots and central and western regions, and continue to implement the project for the benefit of the people, the construction of the public **** cultural service system, strengthen the grass-roots cultural team building, support for cultural undertakings for the public good, and strengthen the protection of cultural heritage and other guidelines, which are **** cultural service system, the grass-roots cultural team and the cultural undertakings of public interest. The public welfare cultural undertakings are the backbone of the rural cultural activities and the guarantee to speed up the spiritual and cultural construction in the rural areas. But how to go better deployment and organization, is a problem we should think y and analysis.
I. Kangjia Village, Xiaoma Village, the current situation of cultural activities
Since 2009, Taian County, Kangjia Village, through donations, shares, upward for funds and other ways to raise funds through multiple channels, has created a library, cultural room, cultural and sports plaza and other cultural activities, forming a relatively sound village-level cultural network. The village committee has a reading room, the elderly activity room and other cultural activities, but also provides a basketball hoop, ping-pong paddles, badminton rackets and other sports facilities, to meet the villagers multi-level, multi-faceted needs for the spiritual and cultural construction to provide material assurance. The village also held a series of civilization activities such as "five good civilized families", "star civilized households", "hygiene inspection and evaluation".
Haicheng City, Xiaoma Village, this year, built its village arts plaza, as the village of daily cultural activities. The village existing village-level cultural activities room, equipped with television, computers and other equipment for villagers to learn, training use. The village existing rice-planting song team, dance team two cultural teams. Rice-planting song team by the villagers spontaneously formed, has reached seven years; dance team as the village village women's weekdays to entertain themselves as an informal organization.
In terms of the construction of cultural activities, the two villages revealed different problems due to their different conditions. Based on my two researches in practical activities, I have summarized the problems in the construction of culture in the two villages.
The necessity of developing rural culture
While the construction of new countryside is unfolding like fire, but due to the limitations of various conditions, compared with the towns and cities, the cultural life of the countryside is still poor, and the needs and wishes of the farmers are far from being able to adapt and satisfy. Although the rural population will gradually decrease with the accelerated pace of urbanization, farmers, as an important part of society, we must not only pay attention to their material life, but also pay great attention to their spiritual life, and the improvement of spiritual life will further promote the progress of material life; the spiritual state of the rural population will have a direct impact on the appearance of the countryside. We are carrying out environmental protection and improving rural sanitation, all of which cannot be achieved without the conscious and proactive participation of farmers, who should be the mainstay. Therefore, if we cannot fundamentally change the relatively poor spiritual life of the peasants, our new rural construction will only be superficial, remaining on the material and superficial level, and has not yet entered into the construction of the spiritual level. The construction of the spiritual level must be synchronized with the progress of material life, only in this way, we can really usher in a new rural landscape. The enhancement of the spiritual life of the farmers depends on the cultural construction of the countryside, the overall improvement of the civilization of the farmers, enriching their spiritual life can play a long-term and sustained role and impact,
Three. Problems in the development of cultural activities
1. Some rural cadres do not pay enough attention to rural cultural construction, affecting the speed of rural cultural development
Since governments and leaders at all levels have always taken the state of economic development as a measure of the performance of rural cadres as two important criteria for the work of the cadres, and therefore, some of the management of the rural areas and some of the cadres of the importance of the work of the construction of culture is not enough to understand, only to focus on the economy as the central work, and only to focus on the economic work. Focusing on the central work of economy, they think that as long as the economy is up, everything will be done. Under the guidance of this kind of thinking, they neglected the impact of cultural construction on rural economic and social development, often "talking up the important, doing the secondary, busy to forget, resulting in poor leadership of cultural construction work. Rural cultural construction lags behind the development of the rural economy, making the rural cultural development lag behind, and ultimately affect the speed of the new rural construction.
In Kangjia Village, there is no longer a complete cultural team that can be organized. Should the cultural system network needs to build the village library, cultural plaza and other virtual, weekdays no one. For the development of cultural activities, the village committee lacks a unified development plan, the development is basically in the state of "go along" with nature. Gao Tuo Town Xiaoma Village rice-planting team was established seven years ago, the village committee did not actively support the attitude. As a cultural team representing local culture, it has always existed independently. The team to carry out cultural activities required funds, venues, do not get the village government's initiative to support.
2. The direction of farmers' own thinking and cognition has been deflected, and there is a lack of strength to support the development of cultural activities
The masses do not have enough demand for and cognizance of cultural activities. Cultural activities do not attend or participate. Thus, the development of cultural activities in rural areas, the phenomenon of "no one to participate in, only appreciate not participate in, do not appreciate and do not participate in".
2.1The masses only take the low-level, superficial cultural entertainment road, losing the real spiritual level
Because of the high enjoyment of the rapid development of the material society, the farmers are also one-sidedly pursuing the fashion, advocating "money", has abandoned China's ancient and excellent cultural traditions and local culture, and is obsessed with the network, Chess games and other superficial entertainment activities, do not make good use of their spare time to go to cultural positions through reading, newspapers, arts and culture and other different ways to get spiritual enjoyment, to participate in a series of cultural activities. In Xiaoma Village of Gaotuo Township, the total number of people in the rice-planting song team and the dance team is less than 50. According to statistics, there are only 20 internal members who participate in the activities on a long-term basis. Compared with the overall population of the village, they account for 1/50 and 1/140 respectively, meaning that theoretically only one out of 50 people in the village participates in amateur activities, and only one out of 140 people pursues a cultural career.
In the final analysis, the reason for this lack of motivation for the pursuit of spiritual culture is the first reason is that the ideological cognition has been deflected.
In recent years, there has been a rapid development of private entertainment venues in the countryside, with a number of chess and card entertainment rooms, billiard rooms, and small stores playing a perverse role in providing a platform for the masses to gamble. Local students and youths have also entered illegal Internet cafes and game halls, becoming obsessed with games and surfing the Internet.
2.2 Foreign Religions Infiltrate Local Culture and Occupy the Formal Cultural Market
Some temples and churches are not subject to formal management and timely inspections, and their openings are directly linked to economic interests, and the propaganda and promotion of religious culture is shallow. Even some temples directly with superstition and reactionary colors, temple "staff" to the masses to instill superstitious ideas, anti-Party ideology, contaminated the purity of the masses of thought, distorting the masses of the country's leadership of the positive, so that the development of the quality of thought of the masses have been seriously affected.
3. Cultural positions, cultural protagonist use is not in place Cultural network interruption
3.1 Lack of cultural positions, use is not in place
In the form of the new rural spiritual and cultural construction, although the cultural positions in the village have been perfected more completely, but the role of the cultural positions have not been put into place. The main performance in the cultural position is not fully utilized, like the village library reading room usually no one patronized, the elderly activity room is no one activity. Many of the so-called cultural positions only play a role in special times and occasions, invariably become an image project. Secondly, most of the recreational performances are organized by the villagers on an ad hoc basis to cope with the inspection by the higher level, and there are very few activities that are really for the benefit of the public and allow the public to participate and entertain themselves. More often than not, the activities of the performance do not produce the best results, forgetting the object of the activity
3.2 The absence of the protagonist of the rural cultural construction.
The village's cultural experts are not valued, and the village's cultural station is virtually non-existent, with a lack of management staff. The masses want to organize and rehearse recreational programs on their own initiative, but there are no conditions or a lack of leaders, resulting in cultural activities in form or can not be initiated. Secondly, the lack of guidance for cultural activities, resulting in the theme is not distinct, some activities are just to please the masses, not mixed into the education of the masses, the influence of the masses of elements.
3.3 The system and establishment of rural cultural construction is in vain.
The existing rural cultural undertakings are still mainly managed by the local governments. Township cultural stations and broadcasting stations, as the main institutions for rural cultural construction, are public institutions in their nature, but their staff often have to take up other affairs, and can't engage in cultural undertakings in their spare time. In some places, these cultural institutions are even characterized as business units, which reduces the burden on the government in terms of funding, but leads to confusion in their management and makes it impossible to realize the goals and tasks of rural cultural construction.
In recent years, most of the rural cultural staffing only as a general staffing arrangements "regulator", some township cultural station comrades with literary and artistic expertise was transferred away from his use, thus appearing although there is a cultural cadre staffing and personnel are not full-time dedicated phenomenon. Coupled with the cultural and sports service center personnel rights belong to the township (town), the county-level cultural sector is difficult to manage effectively, resulting in the function of rural cultural work can not be played. At the same time, the existence of operational cadres fault, part-time, cultural station cadres of low quality, no specialties, personal treatment issues have not been properly resolved and other problems prevail, resulting in the rural cultural workforce is difficult to do.
4. Folk culture is not emphasized and protected, and cultural activities have no cornerstone
4.1 The traditional cultural team is not emphasized, and is left to develop on its own
The main feature of the Xiaoma Village rice-planting team lies in the northeastern rice-planting culture. As a fully functioning cultural team, it has joined the few remaining teams in the rural areas of Haicheng City. The team now has more than 10 people, from the accompaniment of drums, suona, playing erhu, the team has a complete accompaniment backstage. During the research process, it can be seen that the members of the rice-planting song team all joined the cause because of their love for rice-planting song culture and singing culture. The development of the rice-planting song team is not supported by outside forces. There is no obvious supportive attitude from the village government, and there is no sense of promoting and growing the rice-planting song team as a distinctive culture.
4.2 Folk traditional cultural activities in a single style, lack of characteristics and innovation
Nowadays, many townships have lost their cinemas, withdrawn their cultural stations, and the folk traditional cultural activities are even more disappeared. The only cultural activities left to choose from are television, mahjong and a few others. TV programs with rural themes that meet rural tastes are also rare. The Xiaoma Village Rice-planting Song Team's current cultural activities are also limited to the old-fashioned forms of rice-planting song twisting and accompanied singing. Because of the obstacle of funds and other problems, the internal "capable artists" do not have the opportunity to learn and train. The performance program is single form, lack of innovation, push out the characteristics, and not get the attention of the masses and participate in the enthusiasm.
4.3 Misconceptions about rural cultural construction among cadres.
When it comes to the construction of rural culture, immediately think of is to put a few movies, sing a few plays, or not to engage in a basketball tournament, this is a lot of people's understanding of the construction of rural culture, but this understanding of the rural areas ignored the real cultural needs. Culture is not a momentary hustle and bustle, culture has more communication interpersonal relations, catharsis, catharsis of the spirit of the effectiveness of the transfer. The richness of rural culture can build a bridge to communicate the mind, bonding a variety of psychological cracks, thereby relieving pressure, entertainment, resolve conflicts, enhance integration, alleviate the sense of loss and marginalization generated by some farmers. In the case of Kangjia Village in Xinkaihe Township, the village cadres do not have a systematic understanding of cultural activities, fear of the development of this cause, and do not have a sense of starting from a simple small activities.
Four. Discussion of countermeasures to promote the construction of rural cultural activities
In the construction of the new socialist countryside, the construction of rural cultural activities is a long-term and great project, is an important part of the construction of the countryside and rural spiritual and cultural construction. Its development directly affects the improvement of the overall quality of the masses and the development speed of the rural economy, but also concerns the stability of the rural structure, the rural social atmosphere and the atmosphere of the formation. The continuous development of rural cultural activities, the prosperity of the socialist cultural market, the promotion of "urban and rural co-ordination, harmonious development" mechanism, so that the cultural industry to become a pillar of the national economy, and then drive the overall development of society, is an important system of the new rural construction. To this end, I through the research information, combined with thinking about the connotation of the construction of rural cultural activities, from these two aspects of the force to start, to give the development and expansion of cultural activities countermeasures recommendations.
1. Cultivate cultural concepts for mass cultural cadres
Strengthening the construction of the rural cultural team can not be understood as a simple matter of performance, exchange, and not to do superficial work. The cultural team building pays more attention to the inner integration of the mass culture function, the core is the cultivation of cultural concepts, that is, through a variety of cultural activities that are entertaining and educational, subconsciously to achieve self-education and self-modeling, and thus to form the spirit of the times and the mass consciousness. For the backbone of mass culture, the level of their performances is not important, but what is important is that through their performances, through their cultural participation and cultural creation, people can enjoy the style and spirit of the times of the people in the new era, and let us feel the cultural concepts and cultural pursuits of the people in the new era. The function of mass culture is not only to let the people sing a few songs, dance a few dances and perform a few plays, but more importantly to cultivate cultural concepts and improve the overall quality.
In order to ensure that the cultural poverty alleviation project can be better implemented and receive good results, one should strengthen the leadership, attach great importance to cultural poverty alleviation work. One should strengthen the leadership, attach great importance to the work of cultural poverty alleviation. Cultural poverty alleviation into the poverty alleviation program and formulate a cultural poverty alleviation project plan, into the leadership responsibility goal, as a cadres assessment of the performance of a content, in order to enhance the cultural poverty alleviation work of purpose, planning and initiative. Second, we must do everything possible to raise funds for cultural poverty alleviation. Governments at all levels, in addition to allocating part of the fiscal revenue from cultural poverty alleviation funds, but also to develop a preferential cultural and economic policies, broad funding channels, relying on township and village enterprises, wealthy farmers and other social forces to run cultural, cultural complementary activities, the development of cultural industries, and to open up new sources of finance
2. Attention to the importance of giving full play to the majority of the farmers in the construction of a new rural culture of the main role
Farmers are both the main body of the action of the new rural cultural construction, but also the main body of the enjoyment of the results of the new rural cultural construction. Leaving the farmers as the main body of the new rural cultural construction is inconceivable, must attach great importance to and give full play to the majority of farmers in the new rural cultural construction of the main role.
2.1 Tap the village arts and culture, as the cultural protagonist management of cultural positions
Scattered in the vast countryside of the "vernacular artists" were born in the countryside, grew up in the countryside, their artistic nourishment comes directly from the countryside, and the farmers have a natural interconnectedness is the most active factor in the construction of rural culture. In Xiaoma Village Yangge Team, there are such "village singers". It is especially important to cultivate and motivate "local artists", to stimulate the cultural vitality of the countryside itself, and to let them play a leading role in the construction of rural culture. Suggestions on the discovery and cultivation of literary artists:
Firstly, if there is a literary artist in the village, let him be the manager of the cultural position or the leader of the cultural activities, so that he can drive the development of the cultural activities in the village, but also for the usual morning exercise, the gathering of people to contribute to the recreation;
Secondly, the village mobilized funds to arrange for the literary artists to go out to observe and learn. Make the village of cultural performances in the form of diversified, wonderful, farmers are not only the enjoyment of culture and art, but also creators, is the main body of rural cultural construction, so focus on training rural folk artists. The village activity room for the elderly, fitness plaza, etc. to do completely open, equipment and facilities installed in place, the development of activities and open time, for the need for personnel services.
2.2 Protecting and supporting local culture, cultivating local characteristics
First, first of all, the local rural areas have their own folk cultural resources, such as folk art, folk music, ballads, folk culture, must be carefully excavated and screened, to take the essence of the dregs, so that the excellent traditional folk culture to be inherited and carried forward. While inheriting and promoting the excellent folk traditional culture, we must also adhere to the principle of using the past for the present and promoting the new, and guide and transform the folk traditional culture in terms of content, form and means, so as to promote the excellent folk traditional culture. Transform the folk traditional routines, costumes, props and music of folk art. Improve its ornamental and artistic nature, so as to make it a healthy and lively content, performances can be close to the masses to enjoy the cultural products. Make full use of the farmers around the visible, tangible, household name, enjoyable cultural resources to promote the construction of rural culture, so that villagers do not have to go out of the village to get advanced cultural cultivation.
Second, to encourage and support the folk traditional culture-based rural private culture. The launch of viable home-grown cultural stages, such as the highlight of grass-roots cultural activities in Handan, Hebei Province, "Happy Countryside", a household name with a wide range of influences. The village government plans its own cultural development strategy, innovates, improves, identifies its own cultural characteristics, and launches cultural products. Organize activities such as cultural and art festivals to mobilize the village's cultural development. Activities can be implemented in a market operation mode. Yiwu City Rural Cultural Festival is a good example to learn from.
3. Fully utilize the cultural positions Continuously improve the four-level cultural activities network
Improve the construction of village-level cultural compound, additional computers, projectors and other modern equipment. Really make the cultural station (room) has a position, a sign, a set of equipment, a full-time staff and a full-time and part-time team. Become a rural publicity and education positions, science and culture positions, radio and television positions and public information exchange center.
The city level focuses on grasping citywide large-scale activities and strengthening cultural orientation; the county level focuses on improving the equipping of grass-roots cultural facilities and developing the county's characteristic culture; the township level focuses on building model villages and demonstration households, developing various cultural groups and organizations, and consolidating the grass-roots cultural positions; the village level focuses on constructing cultural activity centers, "culture a street At the village level, the focus is on building cultural activity centers and "cultural streets", creating a cultural atmosphere in the countryside in the form of boards, broadcasts, slogans, display boards and publicity paintings, creating cultural households with special characteristics, and creating family culture rooms and courtyard culture exhibitions. Starting from small and simple cultural activities, villagers see culture. Development of advanced cultural positions such as farmhouse bookstore, so that the masses get the purest culture.
V. Conclusion
Strengthening rural cultural construction, improve the ideological and moral level of farmers, is the spiritual impetus and ideological guarantee for the construction of new rural areas. Rural economic development at the same time, can not let the cultural development lag. The masses surface rich is not rich, to be rich from the bone, let their hearts rich. It is necessary to constantly combine the endogenous and exogenous forces with external assistance to make the spiritual culture of the countryside thick. Building a new socialist countryside strengthens the spiritual power of farmers' life and production, and is also a necessary condition for the formation of a harmonious atmosphere in rural society and a new model of rural life. In addition, the promotion of the development of rural cultural construction is the only way to drive the development of national culture and the overall quality of the nation.