Music of Man nationality
music of Man nationality
Manxu people are distributed in all parts of China, of which Liaoning Province has the largest number, followed by Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Beijing, etc., with a population of 4,299,159 (1982 statistics). The Manchu language belongs to the Manchu branch of the Manchu-Tungus language family of the Altaic language family. There is a national script, and the Chinese language is commonly used. The Manchu people originally lived by hunting, were good at riding and shooting, and once practiced shamanism.
Manchu music can be divided into folk songs, song and dance music, rap music 3 categories. Folk songs are mountain songs, labor songs, singing three kinds. The content of love songs, labor songs, wedding songs, birthday songs, cradle songs and so on. Singing language is used in Manchu, Chinese and Manchu-Chinese both 3 kinds. Most of the solo, sing or a leader and the form of the masses.
Folk songs such as "Bayin Polo" is the meaning of Manchu harvest surplus. The content is to praise the beautiful mountains and rivers, rich in produce, expressing love of life, love of home. The tune is loud and clear, mostly sung solo. The tune of "leaning on the mountain" is a kind of mountain song sung by herdsmen and children, and the tune consists of 3 parts: the introduction, the middle section and the ending of the loose plate, and it is characterized by enthusiastic and unrestrained singing and improvisation. The labor song "Running the South Sea" was widely sung along the coast from Tumen River to Vladivostok during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. It has a simple structure, vivid language and labor atmosphere. Such as: []
Manchu love song has "youth song", "escape song", "love root", etc.; wedding song has "Acha Bumi", as well as have a collar with a happy song "Lakong Qi", etc.; sung at the funeral of the "nine links song"; for the old man to sing the "grandchildren of generations of song". These mostly belong to the category of small singing.
Song and Dance Music The traditional song and dance of the Manchu people are mainly "Mang-style" and "Shaman" song and dance. ① Mang style, also known as "Makqin", "Mak style", for the meaning of dance. Every year and festive feasts, hosts, guests, men and women take turns dancing. A lead singer, the crowd to "empty Qi" 2 words to help. This song and dance in the early Qing dynasty into the court, is the first of the feast, the Qianlong eight years named "Qinglong dance". ② "Shaman" is a primitive religion of the northern nomads. Shaman song and dance that is burning incense jumping God song and dance, more in the sacrifice to heaven, ancestor worship, wishing, harvest celebration held. Dancers shaman (male witches) or Uta have (witches) with waist bells, take the tambourine (also known as a drum or single drum), bells, Za plate and other musical instruments, while beating the drums, while singing and dancing. There are two kinds of this kind of song and dance: one is jumping home god, that is, sacrificing to heaven and earth ancestors, tune more recitative, rhythm is smooth, there are solo, sing, etc., dance movement is simple; one is to put the mountains and forests of the hundreds of gods, music is similar to the music of the opera in the body of the joint song, there are solo, duet, lead and sing, etc., a variety of forms. The accompanying instruments are mainly drums. Commonly used drums are "old three points", "five points", "seven points", "nine points", "eleven points", "broken points", occasionally with "two points" and "four points", and there is a flower playing method. Shaman music to Shang mode and Gong mode is more common, followed by the horn mode. The structure of the song has four kinds: ① a single phrase consisting of the upper and lower phrases; ② the beginning of the introduction, the middle section with the upper phrase long, the next phrase short single phrase, repeated, ending with 3 drums; ③ similar to the number of plate chanting; ④ similar to the cyclorama style. General range is narrower, no big jump, more three-tone columns, often to the fourth tone as an axis, more activities in the fifth degree. In addition, there are children's games, songs and dances, and rice-planting songs and drums.
[Shaman Dance]
Rap Music The Manchu people are good storytellers and storytellers. By the Manchurian children of the eight banners initiated the Zidishu and Bajiao drums, and later developed into popular in the north of the song. Zidishu, also known as Qingyin Zidishu, is accompanied by drums and three-stringed instruments. It is mostly based on novels and operas of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and folk story music originated from "witch songs" and "common songs", and uses a four-step structure of opening, closing, turning, and merging, with smooth tunes. Zidi book on the Beijing Rhythm Drums and Northeast drums have an important impact on the emergence and development. ② Octagonal drum rap. Is a traditional Manchu art form, common single singing, singing, group singing (sitting singing) 3 kinds of accompaniment instruments are mainly octagonal drums, three strings. The music is a set of music, which is a blend of Manchu and Han Chinese folk songs, rap music, North and South Qu, local opera songs and other music, suitable for the performance of narrative content. The sanxian circulating in the northern region is developed by the octagonal drum rap.
Musical Instruments The unique musical instruments of the Manchu people are mostly used for jumping to the gods, such as single drums, drums, Lang, ringing bells, waist bells, Zaban, ringing knives and other percussion instruments.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Manchu professional music workers are actively engaged in the excavation of Manchu folk music, sorting out, and on this basis created and processed the song and dance drama "Silkworm", the mythological dance drama "Pearl Lake", the instrumental "running fire pool", the song "Manchu township flew to the auspicious eagle" and so on. Famous Manchu musicians are guqin Pu Xuezhai, composer Lei Zhenbang, Fu Gengchen, singer Xu Guizhu, Guan Mucun and so on.