With the development of cities, the artistic taste and social functions of urban public spaces have received more and more attention. People have higher spiritual needs for public spaces, which requires the use of art. The method combines local characteristics, human history, and geographical environment to use art to endow the spirit of the place in a specific space.
Public art is the idea of ??the city and a form of contemporary culture. In short, public art refers to works or designs created by artists for a given, special public space. It not only embodies the artistic and cultural spirit that public space wants to convey, but also has unique design meaning, and has become an indispensable part of contemporary art and cultural education.
Unlike other works of art, public *** art can be displayed in art galleries as three-dimensional works. The existence of public *** art relies on the environment and is a visual supplement to the landscape environment. Public * Integrity and openness are the greatest characteristics of public art.
Public art covers a wide range of fields, including visual art, auditory art, environmental art, performance art and other avant-garde experimental arts. However, in most public art works, it is mainly widely used in the field of fine arts and visual plastic arts.
Public art does not have a fixed art "form". It can be large or small in scale, a behemoth more than ten meters high, or just a section of pavement under people's feet. Even its form is not necessarily physical, a performance, an event...it can be seen that the forms of public art are diverse.
The art of bastards can be traced back at least to the sculptures of bastards in the squares of ancient Rome. Sculpture is still an important form of public art, such as bronze statues on sidewalks and monuments in squares or parks. Public art can also include various artistic expressions in public spaces, such as buildings; or usable items and facilities, such as tables, chairs, and street lamps.
Today, the expression form of public art works is no longer limited to sculpture.
For example~
As the 40th anniversary exhibition of the Public Art Foundation, designer Anish Kapoor’s most eye-catching work "Vortex" was unveiled in May 2017 Exhibited for the first time in New York.
Placed in Brooklyn Bridge Park, the artwork’s special materials create a giant swirling funnel that contrasts with the adjacent East River.
As one of the most influential artists of this generation, Anish Kapoor has devoted his life to the study of the perception of space. His most famous works come from his public artworks.
This "Vortex" work creates a passive and dynamic descending space on the ground, breaking our familiar perception of boundaries.
Located in the heart of a New York park, Anish Kapoor inspires our pure perception of nature in this extraordinary form. This work was exhibited in Brooklyn Bridge Park in May 2017.
Since the mid-1990s, Kapoor has explored the concept of emptiness by creating works that appear see-through, disappear into walls or floors, or otherwise disrupt assumptions about the physical world.
"Vortex" realizes the artist's long-standing wish to create an energetic, constantly running negative space. The pool, 26 feet in diameter and surrounded by railings, captures the curiosity of the observer. Kapoor transforms the inherent substance of materials and objects, and in this way attempts to blur the boundaries between nature, landscape and art, allowing us to have different perceptual experiences.
"Anish Kapoor also reminds us of the contingencies that arise and how feelings inevitably deceive us. With this work, the designer has created a positive object that is at odds with our perception of the world and its Experience creates buzz," said Baume. "Thus, Kapoor is more interested in what we don't know than what we do, and recognizes that object perception limits the human imagination.
The expressions of public art are infinite. possibility.
For example, Canadian architect Jane Wavell's latest installation DANCE FLOOR is composed of more than 5,000 golden footprints, guiding people walking through it to move independently, encouraging people to enter the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in their own dancing way.
More than 5,000 golden footprints are laid out on the ground as part of the road. While people are able to use the footprints to guide people in the dance, they are also free to use and change the steps.
Compared with domestic, foreign public art works are richer and more diverse in expression forms, and the development of public art is also more artistic and aesthetic. The common characteristics of these works are : Unique concepts, novel materials, cross-border technology, cultural integration, and concise composition.
Domestic public art mostly appears in the form of sculptures, corridors, buildings or venues. Although it has a certain degree of appreciation, it is not interactive. Compared with foreign countries, most of the applications of new technologies and new media are still blank.
For example, the Crown Fountain in Chicago's Millennium Park has the dual functions of a monumental video sculpture and a public space. It was designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa and was completed and opened in July 2004.
The entire fountain consists of two glass brick towers with a black granite reflecting pool between them. The opposite surface features LED video technology. The fountain will operate normally from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. from May 1 to October 31 every year, weather permitting.
Jaume Plensa's design was to create an interactive fountain that would create a natural character for the local environment, be socially relevant, and keep the fountains alive during Chicago's long winters.
The face video played randomly by LED comes from the collection of about 1,000 face images of Chicagoans from all walks of life. It has been photographed by teachers and students of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago since 2001.
Dualism has always been a theme that Jaume Plensa explores in his works. The fountain design features two faces facing each other, randomly displayed on the tower's LED screen. In his design concept, the diverse faces can reflect the diverse characteristics of people of different races and age groups in Chicago and reflect the evolution of the city's social culture.
The true meaning of public art actually lies in its personalized artistry and appeal to the public.
Public art can, to some extent, change the landscape of the place where it is located, highlight certain characteristics and arouse people's thinking and understanding of related issues, thereby showing the history and value of the city and reflecting the artist's view of the world. Most of the domestic public art is designed based on form. If the single form cannot be broken, public art will be equivalent to a simple sculpture installation.
In this sense, public art has a powerful force. It changes the face of the city and can affect the public's mental state and perception of the surrounding world for a long time; It will also become a symbol of the city's identity and play an extremely important role in shaping the city's unique character.