1, dewitt
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Dewitt (1748- 1825) is the founder of neoclassical style.
Dewitt was born in the era when Rococo art was popular. When he went to Rome with his teacher Wei 'an for further study, he carefully studied classical art and became a firm believer in classical ideals.
(2) Representative works:
The oath of three brothers Horace (1784)
2. Angel, the backbone of neoclassicism.
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Jean-August Dominique Angel (1780- 1867).
In his long life, he insisted on defending the ideal of neoclassicism with an arrogant and stubborn attitude and outstanding artistic talent.
Angel is a painter who is committed to the purification of modeling language. His conservative thoughts can't hide his superb artistic attainments.
Angel is also convinced that painting depicting history, mythology and religion is the highest art.
But the fact is that most of his masterpieces are empty and lack real charm.
(2) Representative works:
Mrs. Mayotte Bush (185 1)
Romantic artist
Romantic pioneer Goya
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Like his great predecessor velazquez, Francisco de Goye Lucientes (1746- 1828) spent most of his life in court.
/kloc-became a formal court painter in 0/786, and was promoted to chief court painter in 0/3 years.
However, the infection of his times and new thoughts made his mood and art far less calm and calm than that of velazquez.
(2) Representative works:
Charles IV and his family (1800)
2. British romantic artists
* Blake
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
William blake (1757- 1827).
The down-and-out artist was neglected at birth and forgotten after his death.
After the turn of the stars, man entered the 20th century and was rediscovered. He is recognized not only as one of the great poets in the history of English poetry, but also as the first important romantic painter in Britain.
(2) Representative works:
Nebuchadnezzar (1765)
* Police officers
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Constable loved the English countryside all his life. He felt the colorful scenery of nature with frank eyes and simple heart, and left the real scenery of "beautiful England" on the canvas.
(2) Representative works:
Deham Valley (1814-1815)
3. German Romantic Landscape Painter
* Friedrich
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Caspar David Friedrich (1774- 1840).
Friedrich was different from most European painters at that time. He received art education in Denmark, a Nordic country.
Friedrich's landscape paintings are a portrayal of his mind. From his sentence that "an artist should not only describe what he sees in front of him, but also what he sees in his heart", it is not difficult to see the typical attitude of romantics.
Like some romantic writers in Germany, he is obsessed with so-called "poetic scenes", such as wasteland, ancient temples, sunset, moonlit night and forest. These constitute the symbolic and colorful painting world in his works.
This hobby, coupled with the emphasis on literariness, undoubtedly affected his achievements.
(2) representative works:
Cross on the Mountain (1808)
4. French Romanticism and Delacroix
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Eugene Delacroix (1798- 1863).
Is the greatest romantic painter.
He has a wide range of interests and respects classical masters, but the painter who really impressed him was Rubens, the baroque master.
His artistic beauty, free composition and vivid momentum are similar to those of Rubens.
(2) representative works:
Cavalry officers (18 12), Medusa Raft (18 19).
5. American Romantic Artists
* Cole
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Thomas Cole (L 80 1- 1848).
After moving from England to the New World, Cole deeply fell in love with the almost primitive nature in this vast land, and gained inspiration for his creation.
When he was hiking along the Hudson River, he carefully studied the real local scenery, combined this precious experience with his own poems and imagination, and used the skills he learned from Europe to create a spectacular landscape full of romantic feelings.
(2) Representative works:
Morning on the Hudson River (about 1827), Hetao (1836), etc.
Realistic artist
L, the representative figure of French realistic art, Courbet.
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Courbet (L 8 19- 1877) and Courbet believe that art is contemporary in nature, and artists should boldly face life and reflect contemporary reality with a sober attitude.
Unlike romantics, he denied the role of imagination. The famous saying "I have never seen an angel, so I can't draw it" clearly reflects the firm belief of this realist.
(2) Representative works:
Masonry (1849)
2. Du Miai, Koro and Ye Mi
* Du Miai
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Du Miai (L808- 1879) is a cartoonist, an outstanding oil painter and sculptor.
Like Courbet, he firmly believes that art and artists should be based on contemporary reality.
But unlike Courbet, his modeling language is more subjective and general, which is inseparable from the fact that he started his creative career with political satirical cartoons.
(2) Representative works:
Du Ya, КаΥан (1832)
* Koro
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Jean Bapst Camille Corot (1796- 1875) is the oldest realistic painter.
Different from Courbet's solid and powerful painting style, Koro's artistic technique is light and natural, with a calm and lyrical atmosphere.
Koro is a famous landscape painter and figure painter, and the world in his works also comes from reality.
From 65438 to 0825, he traveled to Italy, where he created early landscape paintings.
These sunny and brightly colored works seem to reveal the impressionist information of later generations, which is quite appreciated by painters.
However, it is his lyrical landscape paintings that make him popular and better represent the thoughts of ordinary people.
This kind of landscape painting is soft in color and light in brushwork, and the scenery seems to be covered by a silver-gray gauze curtain, giving people a dreamlike poetic feeling, from which it is not difficult to find the poet's temperament of this painter.
(2) Representative works:
Memories of Mott Fontaine (1864)
* Rice leaves
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Jean-Francois Miller (L 8 14- 1875) is a painter who is good at representing farmers' life.
In his early years, he was educated by Delaroche, a famous academic historical painter, but he did not embark on the road of fashion painters.
In the late 1940s, he settled in barbizon village near Paris and lived a real peasant life with his family. Until his death, he lived among the bottom peasants who kept France alive.
(2) Representative works:
Sowers (about 1850) and women picking wheat ears (1857).
3. barbizon School
:: Rousseau
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Rousseau (L 8 12- 1867) lived in barbizon from 1848 until his death.
He carefully studied and analyzed the real form of nature, and described the face of nature, its details, air, light and so on with broad strokes and thick colors.
Rousseau's works have a static commemorative effect, which is solemn and powerful.
(2) Representative works:
Oak near barbizon (1852)
* Dubier
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Charles-Fran? ois Daubigny (18 17- 1878).
Among the painters in barbizon, he is the one closest to Impressionism.
His painting method is lighter than Rousseau's, and he also pays more attention to the effect of light and color than Rousseau. Some people have criticized his works as mere impressions, from which it is not difficult to appreciate the elegance of his works.
He uses direct sketch, which enables him to capture the vivid face of nature.
The relationship between water and the sky and atmosphere is his favorite representation. Otovo's Gaobaier Mill (1857) provides people with his style and touching examples.
Monet was deeply inspired by him, and he also tried his best to support the exploration of Impressionism.
(2) Representative works:
Gaobaier Mill in Otovo (1857)
4. Realists outside France
* Kramskoi
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Ivan nikolayevich Kramskoi (1837- 1887) is the founder of the travelling exhibition school and a painter who strongly opposes the stereotype of the Academy of Fine Arts. It was this attitude that prompted him to organize a roving exhibition school facing the public and close to life.
As a painter, Kramskoi's portraits can best reflect his delicate realistic style.
(2) Representative works:
Lev tolstoy (1873) and the unknown girl (1883).
* Lie Bin
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Lie Bin (Ilya Effimovich Lie Bin, 1840- 1930).
Lie Bin is an artist deeply concerned about the fate of the Russian people, which is clearly shown in his famous work Volga Tracker (1870- 1873). Lie Bin's amazing ability to portray characters and the skill of using color modeling are precisely the characteristics of being good at depicting characters, which makes Lie Bin one of the best portrait painters in Russia.
He painted a series of portraits of celebrities in Russian literary and art circles, all of which are famous for their vivid brushwork and both form and spirit.
(2) Representative works:
Volga tracker (1870- 1873)
* Surikov
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (1848- 19 16) is different from Lie Bin and has a wide range of interests. He devoted all his talents to the creation of historical paintings.
And other excellent works, which embodies his characteristics of being good at depicting characters' psychology, organizing composition and using colors.
(2) Representative works:
Mollozova, an aristocratic woman (188 1- 1887)
5. Pre-Raphael School in England
* Hunters
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
William holman hunt (1827- 19 10) is the leader of the pre-Raphaelites.
He carefully described every detail with neat brushstrokes and used them to imply the moral precepts of his works.
(2) Representative works:
Notre Dame de Paris (1850)
Impressionist artist
L, French impressionist painter
* MANET
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Manet (Edward Ma, 1832- 1883).
Manet studied under the famous scholar Kutour in his early years, but he was more infatuated with Spanish painters such as velazquez. His painting Laura de Vastus (1862) was praised by Baudelaire, which showed the powerful influence of Spanish painting.
Manet doesn't want to be the leader of a new generation of innovators. He just wants to draw what he wants, but his practice has pushed him to this position.
(2) Representative works:
Laura de Vesters (1862) and Picnic Sketch (1865- 1866).
* Monet
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Claude Mo (1840- 1926) is the most famous and typical impressionist painter.
Monet lived in the port city of le havre in his early years, and the landscape painter Budan played an important role in his growth.
In the late 1950s, he came to Paris to study.
Dissatisfied with Chen Xiangyin's academic education, he left the Academy of Fine Arts and went outdoors with like-minded partner Renoir, bathed in bright sunshine, and madly captured the beauty of light and color flowing in nature, feeling as happy as discovering a new continent.
(2) Representative works:
Sunrise Impression (1872)
* Renoir
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) was born in poverty, and initially engaged in porcelain painting, which contributed to the formation of his sweet style and smooth brushwork.
Renoir is not as devoted to depicting natural scenery as Monet. He likes to describe all kinds of joyful and charming things in life: entertainment scenes, lovely women and children, and beautiful flowers. Everything he writes is like a field full of flowers in the sun, which is pleasing to the eye.
Let's just say that he is a happy and beautiful singer.
(2) Representative works:
Bakery (1876)
* Degas
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Degas (Edgar Degas Hillech Airlines, 1834- 19 17).
Like other impressionist painters, he is keen on expressing contemporary daily life.
However, unlike these people, he attached great importance to the role of sketch from his early years, carefully studied the works of classical masters, and maintained a high esteem for Angel's line modeling skills throughout his life.
This feature is clearly reflected in all his creative activities.
Degas likes to show female images in active state.
The rehearsal and performance of the ballet dancer became his favorite topic.
He chose a unique perspective, using vivid paintings and exquisite body knowledge to reproduce their various postures very concisely.
This interest is also reflected in a series of naked women images he painted with colored chalk, bathing and dressing.
Colored chalk, a free and flexible tool, gives full play to his modeling expertise, relaxed and accurate lines and simple and excellent colors to create these attractive small paintings.
(2) Representative works:
Absinthe (1876)
2. Rodin, the partner of the impressionist painter
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Rodin (auguste rodin, 1840- 19 17).
He is a master of revitalizing and developing sculpture art, which was unparalleled in the west at that time.
It seems inappropriate to say that Rodin is an impressionist.
However, as a contemporary of impressionist painters, he is similar to these painters in opposing stale laws, pursuing freedom, emphasizing vivid feelings and striving for flowing effects.
Rodin hated the creative principles and ideals of the academic school from his early years.
"Bronze Age" (1875- 1876) shocked the sculpture world who advocated classical idealization with vivid feeling and strong truth. Some even accused him of casting this work directly from a living person.
As a real sculptor, Rodin always pays attention to people, but he does not pay attention to people's bodies, but cares more about people's hearts, feelings, destiny and strength.
This attitude runs through his creative career.
(2) Representative works:
Thinker (1880)
Post-impressionist painter
1: Paul Cézanne
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Paul Cézanne (1839- 1906) is an important post-impressionist figure. Contrary to Impressionism's intention of focusing on depicting fleeting visual feelings, he tried to realize a new solid structure and make a highly rational synthesis of what he saw.
It is in this sense that art in the 20th century is generally regarded as "starting from Cezanne".
He became a pioneer of cubism and various rational abstract arts in the 20th century.
But Cezanne's paintings still retain the classical concept of form, so strictly speaking, he is just a key to open modern art.
(2) Representative works:
Players (1890- 1892) and St. Victor's Hill (about 1904- 1906).
2. paul gauguin
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Paul gauguin (1848- 1903) has a rich and colorful personal experience.
Because of his hatred of western civilization, he rebelled against western traditions, then got tired of bohemian life and finally came to the South Pacific.
Almost all Gauguin's efforts in his life were to get rid of the strong traditions of classicism, Renaissance and realism. He advocates the abstraction of painting, that is, the characteristics of comprehensive generalization, and has been thinking about the abstract meaning of form, color and line.
(2) Representative works:
Phantom after preaching (1888)
3. Vincent Van Gogh
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Vincent Van Gogh (1850- 1890).
He is a passionate Jesus, full of social consciousness and very concerned about the oppressed.
His abundant energy and strong enthusiasm are not only reflected in art, but also in all aspects of life.
His art matured in the mid-1980s in 19, when he met Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin, Bernard, pissarro, Seurat and Sinek.
The things he painted, even the objects in daily life, have strong personality characteristics. Whether he painted the ward of the mental hospital where he lived, a chair, a pair of shoes, or himself, it was a vivid "portrait".
(2) Representative works:
Sunflower (1888) and starry night (1889).
Neo-impressionism art
1: georges seurat
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Georges seurat (1859- 189 1) is an advocate of new impressionism.
His brush strokes are dots, so people call him a pointillist.
Seurat devoted himself to the study of works in chromatics, trying to integrate feelings into rational analysis and transform them into scientific expressions.
His paintings are large in size, although few in number, but they have an important position, because these carefully designed works show concern for geometric and formal structural elements, which indicates the creation of abstract artists in the 20th century.
(2) Representative works:
Bathers in Asnier (1883- 1884)
Symbolist painter
1: Gustav Moreau
(1) Introduction by famous artists:
Gustave moreau (1826- 1898), the core figure of symbolism painting, used symbols more boldly than Xia Fan and was not afraid to touch the most grotesque subjects.
He is famous for his erotic paintings depicting myths and religious themes. Most of the female images in his works are enchanting and evil, and his paintings are full of the conflict of the opposite sex, the mystery of life and death, and the implication of good and evil.
His creation combines Italian classical art and exotic oriental art, which benefits from literature, especially poetry.
His works have also attracted the attention of writers.
(2) Representative works:
Salome dances in front of Herod (1876)