Yi New Year
Yi New Year, known as "Kus" in Yi language, "Kus" means year and "S" means new year, meaning New Year, is a traditional festival of rituals and celebrations for the Yi people in the Greater and Lesser Liangshan Mountains. It is a traditional festival of the Greater and Lesser Liangshan Yi people. "Kus" is usually held in October of the lunar calendar, when the crops are harvested. The Yi New Year lasts for 3 days. The first night of the Yi New Year is called "Jueluoji", the first day of the New Year is called "Kus", the second day is called "Dobo", and the third day is called "Apuji "
Jue Luo Ji
Family reunion, or kill pigs, kill chickens, to celebrate the year's prosperity, the next year, such as good luck and well-being.
Kus
means the New Year, the main content is ancestor worship, the morning after the cock crows, the village will be slaughtered New Year's pig, New Year's pig from the same village and the same village with the village of the elderly or respected families to start, in order to order to slaughter. With the pig's gall bladder, pancreas, urine package divination host family's good luck, to the pig gall bladder full, good color, pancreas spread, no defects, urine package full of good luck, predicting the next year, livestock prosperity, family well-being, food harvest. At the same time, divided into "She Fu", "She Min" two meals, "She Fu" is mainly to pay tribute to ancestors, take the pig's kidney, liver, tongue, pancreas and buckwheat cooked with the ancestor worship. "Shermin" is a collective meal for the whole family. After eating "Shemin", the men will cut the pork into strips, the women will have to make a good sausage, and the day of the meat and sausage hanging on the fire on the barbecue, while to show the host family's annual pig fat, people auspicious, and show the owner's wealth.
Dobo
means the first of the month (that is, the first day of the month), the morning chicken called the master will get up to do the heart and lungs of the three fresh soup, that is, the heart and lungs of the mashed, put in a pot will be boiled out of the oil into the water, plus bean sprouts, dry (fresh) bamboo shoots, etc., made into a three-fresh soup. In the morning, the whole family will get up and enjoy the deliciousness of the soup. In the morning, the women organize a ceremony for all the children in the village to sacrifice a fruit tree, which is called the "Sheri" ceremony. Each child brings a pig's front hoof and a piece of Yijieba (fine corn poop), etc., and chooses a fruit tree that has grown abundantly, and a child goes up to the tree to accompany the tree god, and all the children, led by a woman, pray that the tree god will bear more fruit for the children to share, and bless the children's healthy growth, etc., and then cuts up the meat brought by the children into small slices and puts them on the tree or in the bark of the tree. After the end of the social day is to pay homage to the New Year, the Yi New Year's homage to the scene spectacular and lively, generally dozens of people group, from the entire walled city to pay homage to the New Year, pay homage to the master of the house on the soaking water wine, so that everyone drink, at the same time, pay homage to the team also want to masters to sing the New Year's song, the young people dancing, wrestling, jumping pots and pans, and so on. Everyone, regardless of their affinity, are happy together until all night long.
Apu machine
means to send away the ancestral spirit, the afternoon to cook pig intestines and vegetables to eat, by the women to pay tribute to the New Year, the men at home to receive the New Year's Eve team. 3 days after the end of the New Year, the Yi people will be on the back of a large block of pork bladders (generally divided into three, five, seven), wine, sugar, lasagna, fried noodles, eggs and so on to pay tribute to the father-in-law and mother-in-law's home, the whole October Yi people are immersed in the New Year festival of happiness. The whole month of October the Yi people are immersed in the joy of the New Year's Day.
The Yi New Year is an important festival for the Yi people. From ancient times to the present day, the Yi people have attached great importance to the New Year, and it is also very lively. About when the Yi New Year began, there is no way to find out, Liangshan Yi New Year in many rituals are related to ancestor worship, the whole festival is full of strong ancestor supremacy color.
Sai dress festival
Sai dress festival - Yi girls fashion show: Chuxiong Yi state, there are two places have Sai dress festival. One is Yongren County, straight Tho village dress festival, time for the first month of the lunar calendar every year 15. One is the Dayao County Santai Township, Racewear Festival, the time for the 28th of March each year.
The festival provides an opportunity for young men and women who live in scattered areas and usually have little chance to get together and get to know each other to confess their love. And what the girls can show themselves most is to see whose clothes are the most beautiful. The Yi women rely on handmade peach blossom and embroidery for their clothing, and it often takes one or two years to make a set of clothes. Therefore, whoever has the most clothes and the best patterns is seen as hard-working, capable and dexterous.
Unlike the way of dress racing, people no longer wear all their clothes on their bodies, but keep changing into new ones, with some girls changing into five or six sets of clothes a day. And so the festival has become an additional sight: by the mountain tubes and under the green trees, old men set up countless tents, cooking food and faithfully guarding the costumes for their girls.
The festival has been a competition from the start, and this could be considered the earliest fashion show. The difference is that the Yi girls are not only the designers and producers of the costumes, but also the "fashion models" in the show.
The most popular global folk dance: Whenever there is a harvest, a wedding or a festival, the Yi, who live in Yunnan, gather around a pile of roaring fires, surrounded by silent and solemn mountains and a deep and mysterious canopy as a backdrop, and with the musical beats of the lusheng, piccolo, moon zither and leaves, men and women join hands to play the music of the lusheng. To the beat of the music played by the lusheng, piccolo, moon zither and tree leaves, men and women hold hands, form a circle, step in the counterclockwise direction and sing, all night long, and the fun is over.
In 1986, the U.S. International Folk Art Organization listed this folk dance as one of the top ten most popular folk dances in the world.
"Playing Song"
All over Yunnan, not only the Yi, even the Bai, Naxi and other ethnic groups are prevalent in this form of song and dance, just called differently, such as "playing song", "left foot dance", "step", "left foot dance", "left foot dance", "left foot dance", "left foot dance", "left foot dance", "left foot dance", "left foot dance", "left foot dance" and "left foot dance". "
According to the report, it is said that this form of song and dance is prevalent among the Bai, Naxi and other ethnic groups.
According to the evidence, "playing songs" is "treading songs" transcription. As early as the time of the Han and Tang dynasties, the "song" has been our country in the Central Plains and the southern folk very active folk song and dance. Yunnan jinning shizhai mountain unearthed copper drum shaped shell storage cast on the "dian feather dance" and jiangchuan lijiashan unearthed 18 pendant-tailed people even arm ring dance of copper buckle ornaments as well as solidified in yunnan canyuan cliff paintings on the dance pattern, the dance pattern with the yi ethnic group's "play song
The dance motifs on the bronze buckle ornaments and the dance patterns on the cliff paintings in Cangyuan, Yunnan Province are all the same as those of the Yi "beat song", which may serve as a proof of the ancient origin of the "beat song".
To this day, the mural paintings in Longtan Hall, Weibao Mountain, Weishan County, Yunnan Province, still retains a picture of the "Song Treading Diagram" drawn by the Qing Dynasty, whose situation is very similar to that of the Yi ethnic group's Song Treading Song in Weishan, Yunnan Province, today.
New Year's Day
New Year's Day is a traditional festival of the Yi people. Every year in the tenth month of the lunar calendar, the Yi people celebrate the Nian Festival and pay tribute to each other, singing and dancing to congratulate the festival.
Jumping Tiger
The Yi people in Shuangbai County, Yunnan Province, have a special New Year's Eve custom of "Jumping Tiger Festival", the eighth day of the first month, the entire village of adult males gathered at the site of the land temple at the back of the village, kill the dog to offer the "Mis" ("Mis" means "Mis"), which means "Mis", which means "Mis". Mimi" means earth, "Si" means master, the fan is the main god of the meaning of the earth), followed by the village "Bimo" sacrifices to the Lord of the earth to invite the tiger god. 8 villagers disguised as tigers dancing, "tigers". The "tigers" have high ears, thick tails, tiger stripes all over their bodies, a Chinese character for "king" painted on their foreheads, and a big brass bell hanging on their necks, making them look majestic. After the "Bimo" reads out the sacrificial speech to invite the tiger god, the tiger king leads all the tigers into the village. Throughout the jumping tiger festival period, the whole village up and down men, women and children are immersed in the welcome tiger, send the tiger, watch the tiger jumping and drive away the evil spirits and monsters in a joyful atmosphere, the local people are convinced that only through the annual tradition of jumping tiger, tiger god and pray for the blessing of the old ancestor, all the villagers in order to be able to harvest, prosperous, more than one year more beautiful and happy. Reflects the Yi branch "toms shoes outlet" people of a cosmology, they believe that everything in heaven and earth is created by the tiger, their reverence for the tiger, reflecting a harmonious relationship between man and nature. In general, the "tiger pith" primitive, simple, not subject to outside influences, is Nuo Yi cultural treasures
October year
Yi traditional year, more in the first half of the tenth month of the lunar calendar to choose an auspicious day to hold. The festival lasts 5 to 6 days, during which pigs and sheep are killed, and cattle are killed for the rich, and there are feasts, visits to relatives and friends, and gifts are exchanged.
The New Year's Day
Yi residents in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places in the new
The New Year's Day
Yi year after the 10th and 11th of February on the lunar calendar, but also had a New Year's Day, the Yi language called this festival "Malong fire". In the ritual activities, to sacrifice the dragon is the largest. Sacrifice the dragon in two, three, April in a dragon day, to the village as a unit of each person to bring a bowl of rice, a small piece of salt, by the old man prepared incense, in the collective sacrifice under the dragon tree; Yunnan Yi choose the first month of the first day of the dragon sacrifice, after the sacrifice of everyone sat on the ground, regardless of the elders and young people, bring their own rice, meat **** food, is a kind of large-scale gatherings.
Maiden's rite of passage
"Skirt-changing" ceremony
In the size of the Liangshan region, the Yi girl adult to hold a mysterious "skirt-changing" ceremony, called "Shalaluo" in Yi. Yi girls in the "Shalaluo" before, wearing a red and white color skirt, comb is a single braid, ear hanging is to wear ear wire. "After the ceremony, she will wear a black and blue three-piece floor-length skirt, and her original braid will be changed into a double braid, and she will wear an embroidered headband and hang an earring.
After the ceremony of "changing skirts", young girls are free to go shopping, catching up, watching horse races, making friends and falling in love. Because in the view of local Yi people, double age "skirt" will be more disaster, life will not be auspicious. As for the specific date of the "dress change", we should ask the old man to make a good choice to finalize the auspicious date.
Because the "changing of the skirt" is a sign of a woman's transition from childhood to adulthood, parents attach great importance to it. Especially the mother, who is the closest to her daughter and understands her physical condition best, prepares the lace black hapa for her daughter to wear on her head, a new skirt, and other clothing items such as beads of different colors and a silver plate on her collar before she changes her skirt.
Celebration Methods
Yi Torch Festival
Torch Festival - The Carnival of the Yi People: The "Torch Festival" is usually held in the evening of June 24 to 26 on the lunar calendar, and is a grand festival of the Yi people. At that time to kill cattle, kill sheep, sacrifices to the ancestors, some areas also sacrificed to the Lord of the earth, feast with each other, eat lumps of meat, *** wishing a bumper harvest. Torch Festival is generally celebrated for 3 days, the first day of the family get-together, after 2 days of wrestling, horse racing, bullfighting, boat racing, tug of war and other colorful activities, and then held a grand bonfire party, all-night revelry.
When the night falls, people waved torches, groups of people around the village, over the mountains and fields, each other to each other's torches to sprinkle rosin powder, playing torch wars, the mountains shine as day. According to the Yi custom, in the torch sprinkled rosin powder, so that the torch "bang" up a brilliant sparks, and raised a fragrance, is expressed a good will: the younger generation of the old generation sprinkled, is to respect, blessing longevity; elders to the younger generation sprinkled, is to caress, wishing good luck; peers each other sprinkled, is close friendship; young men and women each other sprinkled, is the beginning of love. The beginning of love.
The first day of the fire festival
On this day, everyone wears his or her favorite dress and is happy. Villages and hamlets slaughter cows and sheep and set up banquets with a variety of meats and sweet, fragrant wine, which is so fragrant that it is offered to the gods, who will also praise it. When night falls, people from neighboring villages will set up an altar at a place chosen by the old people, light the sacred fire by striking a stone in the traditional way, and have the Bimo (Yi folk priests) recite scriptures to offer the fire. Then, every family, adults and children will take the torches made of artemesia grass from the hands of Bimo and roam around the fields, following the legend of ugly woman who drove away insects with fire.
The second day of passing the fire
On this day, every family gathers under the sacred fire of the altar and holds various traditional festival activities. The boys are expected to emulate the legendary Atiraba, racing horses, wrestling, singing, bullfighting, goatfighting and cockfighting. The girls follow the example of the legendary Ashima, wearing beautiful clothes, holding up butter umbrellas, singing "Doloho" and dancing the Dasi dance. On this day, the most important activity is the Yi beauty contest. Elderly people have to select the annual beauty contest from among the boys and girls according to the criteria of the legendary Ati Raba, who is industrious, brave and handsome, and Ashima, who is kind, intelligent and beautiful. At nightfall, a pair of loving men and women, in the mountains, on the banks of the stream, under the yellow oil umbrella, strumming the moon lyre, playing the mouth string, telling each other how much they love each other. So some people call the Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival the "Valentine's Day of the East".
The third day of the festival
This is the climax of the Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival. When night falls on this day, everyone runs around with torches in their hands. Finally, people will get together in the hands of the torch, forming a pile of huge bonfires, happy people will gather around the bonfire to sing and dance, the scene is extremely spectacular. Therefore, it is also known as the "Oriental Carnival Night".
Other activities
Lunan, Guishan and other places of the Yi, during the festival, people play the big three-stringed, jumping up and down, "A fine jumping moon", while wrestling, bullfighting and other activities; Chuxiong, Mile and other places of the Yi, but also held the traditional "fire festival The Yi in Chuxiong, Mile and other places also hold the traditional "Fire Sacrifice Ceremony". The night of the festival, in the Yi settlement deep in the mountains, everywhere is "fire trees and silver flowers night sky", the scene is very spectacular.