The largest country in human history is not the Roman Empire, the British Empire, or the Russian Empire, but the Mongolian Empire established by Genghis Khan, the Mongolian hero of the Chinese nation and a generation of genius.
In 25 years, Genghis Khan and his successors, with a total army of less than 200,000, destroyed more than 40 countries, conquered more than 720 ethnic groups, and wiped out more than 10 million troops from each country. Conquered various ethnic groups with a population of 600 million, and established the largest country in human history - the Mongol Empire. Its territory in the stable period exceeded 35 million square kilometers, and its maximum territory exceeded 44 million, accounting for more than four-fifths of the entire human world at that time. But now the land area of ??the entire Asia (including all islands) is only 44 million. The Mongolian nation Demonstrated to the world the greatest viability of the Chinese nation. Before the Diaoyu Mountain Incident, the territory of the Mongol Empire was the largest territory. The Diaoyu Mountain Incident became the only event in the history of the Chinese nation that changed the course of world history. (The Battle of Diaoyu Mountain will be introduced in detail later)
Genghis Khan was born into a Mongolian noble family. When he was three years old, his father was poisoned to death, and his mother took Temujin and his younger brothers through several years of difficult life. The difficult and dangerous experiences in his youth cultivated Temujin's perseverance and bravery, which enabled Temujin to rise from the hardships and gradually shoulder the important task assigned to him by history: from the leader of a weak tribe to the leader who unified Mongolia and China. The genius who conquered Eurasia. Genghis Khan is a war wizard that is difficult to match for future generations. His miraculous ability to fight and win every enemy he encounters has exhausted human military talents to the extreme. Genghis Khan fought countless wars in his life, and except for the Thirteen Wings War, where he retreated voluntarily due to the disparity in strength, he never lost any of them. "The iron cavalry under his command was overwhelming, and the smoke of gunfire spread to Russia, Afghanistan and northern India." In the vast Eurasian continent, Genghis Khan has become an invincible god. His opponents are all frightened and succumb. "Who can be called the God of War?" Only Genghis Khan!".
Look at the successors of Genghis Khan:
The Great Queen Bortai gave birth to four children:
The eldest son Shuchi was the Kipchak The ancestor of the Khans of the Chagatai Khanate;
The second son Chagatai is the ancestor of the Khans of the Chagatai Khanate;
The third son Ogedai is the second generation of Mongolian rulers. Khan (Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty);
The fourth son Tuo Lei, his descendants became the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty and the Ilkhanate;
Queen Hulan gave birth to a son Kuolejian, whose descendants entered the Yuan Dynasty
The tiger father has no dog son. Even Napoleon, the unruly military wizard, lamented that he was inferior to Genghis Khan when he said, "He can make his nation superior to all other nations in the world and unite his successors." The only one who unanimously served the empire was Genghis Khan, and I felt inferior to him. ”
Although scholars from various countries have different opinions on Genghis Khan, with mixed praise and criticism, they are consistent on two points. They all believe that Genghis Khan is the greatest success in the world and the greatest influence in human history. At the end of the last century, the United States, Japan and other countries launched an activity to select the great men of the millennium. The globally influential "Washington Post" published the selection results and listed Genghis Khan as the "No. 1 Man of the Millennium". Genghis Khan left a kind of national pride to future generations. Genghis Khan not only played an important role in Chinese history, but also was a heroic figure with global influence. Western scholars call Genghis Khan "the emperor of all mankind." Impact on Chinese history. Genghis Khan laid a solid foundation for the unification of China, and his descendants completed the great cause of unification. In 1211, all parts of Xinjiang became part of China's territory; in 1247, Tibet became an integral part of China's territory for the first time; 1276. In 2006, the 300-year-old local separatism in Yunnan was ended... Since then, China, which had been divided for more than 400 years, achieved its fourth great reunification, broke its occlusion, and truly entered the stage of world history. Mr. Sun Yat-sen said: "Overall. Historically, the Yuan Dynasty was far more powerful than China's most powerful period. "Genghis Khan made immortal contributions to the unification of China. It can be said that without Genghis Khan, there would be no Chinese territory today.
Historian Chen Gaohua said it well: "Genghis Khan's great achievements are to add luster to Chinese history."
The Mongol Empire fell and the Arab Empire, which had existed for more than 500 years and defeated the Tang Empire's army and dominated for a while, humankind Unprecedented in history, Eastern and Western civilizations were connected on the map. The globalization of mankind began with the Mongol Empire. The Mongolian nation has written an important chapter in the history of human development and laid a solid foundation for China's vast territory. During the course of the Mongol Empire's campaigns, the Mongolian Empire continued to recruit outstanding generals from other ethnic groups to enrich the Mongolian army, especially promoting and appointing a large number of Han generals. By the time of the Mongol Empire's heyday, the number of Han generals had exceeded half of the total number of generals in the Mongol Empire, and the Chinese nation had almost The war thoughts accumulated over thousands of years were brought to the extreme in the Mongol Empire's campaigns. At that time, the smartest and most advanced nation in the world and the nation with the best physical fitness in the world achieved a perfect combination, and jointly created mankind. A miracle in the history of war.
Patriotic Chinese, no matter which nation they belong to, hope that the motherland will become stronger and the Chinese nation will become more prosperous. Of course, hoping that China will be strong is not inciting national sentiment, nor is it advocating national chauvinism. Hope that China will be strong is not only the strong desire of the Chinese people, but also in line with the common interests of people all over the world.
Let’s talk about the Diaoyu Mountain incident that changed the course of world history.
Diaoyu Mountain is located at the junction of Sichuan and Chongqing, with an altitude of only more than 300 meters. The entire mountain occupies an area as large as three or four standard football fields. It is just an ordinary mountain in the inland area of ??western China. An eye-catching remote hilltop. But 750 years ago, a major event happened here that changed the entire course of world history and deeply affected the world pattern for hundreds of years. There is absolutely no exaggeration in saying so. History is so strange. When the time came to the summer of 1259, this hilltop actually controlled the fate of countless people in the world, from kings to slaves. What earth-shattering event happened in this inconspicuous little place that is said to be able to change the historical pattern of the world for hundreds of years? Let’s start with the world situation at that time.
At that time, southern China was ruled by the Southern Song Dynasty. In northern China, the rise of the Mongols had already wiped out the Western Liao, Xixia, and Jin Dynasties, forming a conflict with the Southern Song Dynasty. situation. The vast areas of Eastern Europe and Central Asia were successively attacked and conquered by the Mongols during the two western expeditions. Central, Western Europe and West Asia are also about to face the threat of the Mongols. In 1251, after a fierce struggle, Meng Ge ascended the throne and became the Great Khan of Mongolia. Immediately after Meng Ge Khan ascended the throne, he embarked on the third large-scale Western Expedition. The Western Expedition was mainly commanded by his younger brother Hulagu, while he himself began to prepare The Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed and the "World War" began.
In 1257, Mengge Khan began to launch a large-scale war against the Southern Song Dynasty, preparing to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. The Mongolian army was divided into four armies, east, west, north and south. Among them, the west army was led by Mongke Khan himself. The main force of the Mongolian army entered Sichuan from Shaanxi and fought from west to east. After joining the other armies, they joined forces to attack the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. The battles between the various armies have been going very smoothly, but when the army led by Meng Ge arrived at the foot of Diaoyu Mountain in Hechuan, they encountered stubborn resistance from the Song army, and the Mongolian army was hindered.
The Song Army has been operating Diaoyu Mountain for many years. It has built complete fortifications and stored sufficient food. It has long made plans to hold on for a long time. The guard general Wang Jian fought bravely and commanded well. The Mongolian army fought fiercely for more than five months and lost many soldiers, but still made no progress. The defenders of Diaoyu Mountain firmly contained the Mongolian army along the way. Looking at the progress of other Mongolian armies, they all went smoothly. Kublai Khan on the east route has occupied a large area in the eastern part of the Southern Song Dynasty and is continuing to advance westward. Wu Lianghetai on the south route went more smoothly. He successively destroyed the Southeast Asian countries, captured Guangxi, and went all the way north to the city of Changsha. Ali on the north route did not Brother has already crossed the Yangtze River and successfully merged with the army on the southern route. Only the main force led by the Mongolian Khan himself was trapped at the foot of Diaoyu Mountain. The situation has developed to this point. The Mongolian army did not expect that the situation has developed to this point. The generals of the army have already felt that this is not just a military matter. It's a problem, and it's also a matter of face. If you can't win this city, your face will be really shameless, and Meng Gehan himself will be resentful.
Although some generals at the military meeting suggested abandoning this insignificant isolated city and continuing to march eastward, they were opposed by the vast majority of generals, and Meng Ge himself even disagreed. How could the Tianjiao family, which had always been invincible, suffer such a great humiliation? They would never give up until they won, which was a taboo among military strategists. Seeing that the other three armies were about to capture the entire Southern Song Dynasty, Brother Meng, who was anxious and annoyed, arrived in person. The front line led troops to attack the city day and night. At this time, something even more unexpected happened. In the fierce battle, the Song army defending the city actually killed Meng Ge, the Mongol Khan who was supervising the battle at the foot of the mountain! To be precise, Meng Ge Khan was seriously injured by flying rocks from the Song Army's artillery fire. Due to his serious injury, the Mongolian army was forced to withdraw, and Meng Ge died in the North Hot Spring not far from Diaoyu Mountain.
It was the death of Meng Ge that changed the world structure. After hearing the news, Kublai Khan, who was advancing westward to join the north and south routes, immediately sent his troops back to the north to fight for the throne. The north and south routes of Ali Buge and Wu Lianghetai also returned from Changsha. At this time, Hulagu's Western Expedition army was even more powerful. It had been divided into three groups and fought thousands of miles away. The main army led by Xu Liewu successively destroyed the Central Asian countries, and then invaded the Arabian Peninsula, destroying the Arab Empire that had existed for more than 500 years. The forward army led by the cowardly Buhua occupied northern India, and successively destroyed the countries in West Asia, and with Xu Liewu After Liewu successfully reunited, they continued to advance westward, approaching Egypt. The Han general Guo Kan crossed the Mediterranean and defeated the European coalition forces. After capturing the Balkan Peninsula in southern Europe, he continued to advance westward and completely eliminated the main force of the European coalition forces and invaded Poland. They were preparing to cross the Danube River and march towards Western Europe, which had no power to fight back. The Mongol Empire reached its peak at this time. At this moment, news of Meng Ge's death reached Hulagu. Hulagu, who was fully prepared for the attack on Egypt, wanted to help his brother Kublai Khan compete for the position of the Mongolian Khan, leaving only the cowardly Buhua to lead 10,000 cavalry to continue the attack on Egypt. He led the main force back east. After the Mongolian army retreated Later, the King of Egypt personally led 160,000 North African cavalry to defeat the cowardly Buhua and took the opportunity to occupy the Arabian Peninsula. Other regimes such as the Southern Song Dynasty also took advantage of the retreat of the Mongolian army to regain lost ground.
After several years of fighting, Kublai Khan defeated Ali Buge, who had been the Khan for four years, seized the throne, and consolidated his Khan's throne, but the Mongol Empire has since split:
Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, ruling East Asia, Southeast Asia, and North Asia, and was the nominal ruler of Russia.
Hulagu established the Ilkhanate, which ruled a vast area from Central Asia and West Asia to the east coast of the Mediterranean.
Batu established the Golden Horde and ruled Eastern Europe and northern Central Asia.
The Chagatai Khanate ruled most of Xinjiang and parts of Central Asia.
The Ogedai Khanate ruled parts of northern Central Asia.
None of these Mongol khanates were under the direct jurisdiction of Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty. After that, the Yuan Dynasty never made any more western expeditions, and the pattern of the entire Eurasian continent was basically fixed.