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Author: Hugo was born in Besan?on, a provincial town in eastern France next to Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon, and as a child Hugo was stationed in Spain with his father, and at the age of 10 he returned to Paris to attend school, and graduated from high school and enrolled in law school, but his interest lay in writing. At the age of 15, he won a prize in a poetry competition at the Collège de France, and at 17, he won first place in the Poetry Contest of the Hundred Flowers. At 20, he published a collection of poems, Ode to the Bourbons, which Louis XVIII rewarded by praising the Bourbon restoration, and then wrote a great deal of poetry in exotic moods. Afterwards he became disillusioned with both the Bourbons and the July dynasty, and became a ****harmonist. He also wrote many poetic plays and dramas, and several novels with distinctive features that carried out his ideas. In 1841 Hugo was elected a member of the French Academy, and in 1845 he became a member of the House of Representatives, and after the February Revolution of 1848, he became a representative of the Parliament of the **** and the State, and in 1851 Napoleon III became the emperor, and Hugo was forced to go into exile in order to oppose it, and during this period he wrote a political satire, "The Collection of Punishments," in which each chapter is accompanied by a provision of Napoleon III's program of government, which is satirized, and which is also illustrated by the Napoleon I's achievements and Napoleon III's disgrace. Hugo returned to Paris after Napoleon III was overthrown in the bloodless revolution of 1870. Hugo wrote extensively in all fields of literature, and critics believed that his creative ideas were the closest to modern thought. After his death, France mourned his death and he was buried in the Pantheon, which is a collection of commemorative plaques honoring French celebrities. Hugo's most popular romantic deeds in France is: he was 30 years old when he met 26-year-old actress Juliette Drouet, and fell in love, and later, no matter whether they were together or apart, Hugo every day to her to write a love letter, until she died at the age of 75, nearly 50 years without interruption, wrote nearly 20,000 letters. Throughout Hugo's life activities and creation of the dominant idea is humanitarianism - against violence, love against "evil". Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the 19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays and literary criticism and political essays, and was an influential figure in France. Hugo's creative process of more than 60 years, his works include 26 volumes of poetry, 20 volumes of novels, 12 volumes of plays, 21 volumes of philosophical treatises, a total of 79 volumes, to the French literature and human cultural treasure added a very brilliant cultural heritage. His masterpieces are the novels Notre Dame de Paris, Les Misérables, Laborers at Sea, The Laughing Man, and Ninety-Three Years, and the collections of poems Light and Shadow. And "on the British and French expedition to China to Captain Butler's letter", short stories: "Normandy" shipwrecked, and so on. Hugo was born in 1802 in the city of Béchancon in eastern France. His grandfather was a carpenter, his father was an officer in the army of **** and the country, was Napoleon's brother, King Joseph of Spain, 6?1 Bonaparte awarded the rank of general, is the king's trusted ministers. Hugo was gifted, began to write poetry at the age of nine, returned to Paris at the age of 10 to attend school, graduated from secondary school into the law school, but his interest lies in writing, at the age of 15 in the College of France, wrote the "reading music" by the French Baccalaureate awards, at the age of 17 in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Contest" won the first prize, at the age of 20 years old to publish a collection of poetry "Ode to the Poetry Book", because of the praise of the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, was awarded a prize of "Ode to the Poetry Book". At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems called Ode, which was rewarded by Louis XVIII for his praise of the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, and he wrote a large number of exotic poems later on. Later on, he was disappointed with both the Bourbons and the July dynasty, and became a ****harmonist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and plays. He also wrote many poetic dramas and plays. He wrote a large number of novels with a distinctive character and carried out his ideas. In 1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the play was not performed, the preface is considered the manifesto of French Romanticism and became an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It played a great role in promoting the development of French Romantic literature. In 1830, Hugo's play "Eunanes" was staged in the Grand Théatre de la Cour de France, which had a great influence and established the dominant position of Romanticism in the French literary world. The play "Eunanes" was written about the story of Eunanes, a bandit of noble origin who rebelled against the king in Spain in the 16th century. Hugo praised the bandit's chivalry and nobility, and showed a strong anti-feudal tendency. In July 1830, the "July Revolution" took place in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, glorified the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who sacrificed their lives in the street battles. Notre Dame de Paris, published in 1831, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twisted, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary. The story takes place in the Middle Ages. "On April Fool's Day, wandering gypsy artists performed songs and dances in the square, and a gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted pedestrians, and she looked beautiful and danced very beautifully. At this time, Notre Dame of Paris, vice bishop Claude Frollo instantly on the beautiful Melada fascinated, he burned inside the fire of lust, madly in love with her. So he ordered the church bell-ringer, the strangely ugly-looking Quasimodo, to snatch Esmeralda. As a result, Phoebus, the captain of the French king's arrows, saved Esmeralda and captured Quasimodo. He took the bell-ringer to the square to be flogged, and the kind Gypsy girl brought water to Quasimodo to drink instead. This gesture moved the strange ugly man very much. For the first time, tears flowed from his dry eyes. Although the bell-ringer was ugly on the outside, he was pure and noble on the inside. He was very grateful to Esmeralda and repaid her later in the development of the story. Innocent Esmeralda fell in love with Phobos at first sight, and when the two were on a date, Frollo quietly followed behind, and out of jealousy, he stabbed Phobos with a knife and fled. Esmeralda was accused of being a "witch" and a "murderer" by the long-hated Church, and was sentenced to death. Quasimodo snatched Esmeralda from the gallows and hid her in Notre Dame. The poet Gangeois lures the mass of beggars who saved Esmeralda into a great battle with Quasimodo, and when Frollo finds Esmeralda, he in fact renews his love for her, and, after being refused, hands her over to the king's army, and Esmeralda is sent to the gallows. Desperate at the loss of Esmeralda, in his infinite rage, Quasimodo pushes the vicar-general off the top of a high building and falls alive. He himself embraces Esmeralda's body until it is weathered. The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, but also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower class people. In fact, from the whole text, compared with the captain of the guard who played with Esmeralda's feelings and the ungrateful poet, the vice bishop Claude Frollo, who has always appeared as the biggest villain, is true to Esmeralda's love, only because of his position can't be expressed in this way, and finally went to the extremes of the pain, which is the author's strong critique of the feudalism of the Middle Ages, "Abstinence". This is also the author's strong criticism of the medieval feudal rite of "abstinence". After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie led by the financier Louis Philippe. The July Dynasty kept soliciting Hugo, who was elected to the French House of Bachelor in 1841, and in 1845, Louis Philippe made him the Secretary of the Nobility of France and a member of the House of Peers. Hugo's passion for struggle in his writing waned, and in 1843 he wrote a mystical play, The Garrison Officer, which was a failure when staged and applauded by the audience. Hugo was silent about this and did not write for almost 10 years. In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July dynasty, and established the **** and State. At first Hugo did not understand the revolution, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the **** and the State, Hugo became a firm **** andist.In December 1851, Louis?6?1 Bonaparte staged a coup d'état, and Hugo took part in the anti-coup insurrection organized by the **** andists. Louis 6?1 Bonaparte came to power and established the Second French Empire. He practiced a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile. During his exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle against Napoleon III. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems, and fiercely attacked the dictatorial rule of Napoleon III. During this period, he published the long novels Les Miserables, Laborers at Sea, and The Laughing Man. Les Miserables is Hugo's masterpiece. The plot of the novel is roughly like this: Jean Valjean, a poor laborer of peasant origin, once saw his sister's children crying with hunger, so he went to steal bread, but unfortunately he was caught and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. He escaped from prison several times, and when he was caught, he was sentenced to an additional ****14 years in prison, resulting in 19 years in prison for a loaf of bread. After his release from prison, Jean Valjean was looked down upon everywhere, had no job, no food, and vowed to take revenge on society. At this time, a bishop named Bien Fouillou touched him, and he resolved to do good deeds and be a good man. He assumed the name of Madeleine and set up a factory in a city and became a rich man. He provided employment for the poor, fed them, gave them houses, and he was so helpful in every way that he was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, there came to the city a girl named Fantine, who was originally a girl from the countryside, came to the city to work as a laborer, and was lured into giving birth to a daughter. She fostered her daughter Cosette in the home of an innkeeper, who was a villain and took advantage of the opportunity to blackmail her. Fantine was forced to sell her beautiful hair, her beautiful teeth, and sold herself as a prostitute, and finally became so poor that she was sick and dying; Jean Valjean heard of this and went to take care of her at once, promising to bring up her daughter Cosette after her death. At this time, the police Javert is hunting for Valjean, a hard laborer who has been missing for many years, in the city of Madeleine, he captures a poor worker, believing him to be Valjean, and prepares to send him to prison, in order to save this innocent worker, Valjean steps forward and voluntarily admits his identity. He falls back into the hands of the police and on his way to prison, he manages to escape. Valjean immediately finds Cosette and takes her to hide in a secluded convent. As the years pass, Cosette grows into a beautiful young woman and falls in love with Marius, a **** and party man. 1832 sees the outbreak of a **** and party-led uprising in Paris, which is put down by the bloody July dynasty, and when Marius is seriously wounded, Valjean risks his life to rescue him through the sewers. At this point, Javert blends into the ranks of the insurgents to reconnoiter, is captured and sentenced to death, and it is up to Valjean to carry out the order to shoot Javert, but Valjean sets Javert free. Javert, ashamed before Valjean's noble character, throws himself into the river. Cosette and Marius marry and the young people are very happy. Valjean lives a lonely life alone, and finally he dies in Cosette's arms. Les Misérables exposes the sharp contradictions and the disparity between the rich and the poor in the capitalist society, depicts the painful fate of the lower class people, and puts forward the three urgent problems of the society at that time: "Poverty makes the men downtrodden, hunger corrupts the women, and darkness weakens the children", and violently criticizes the hypocrisy of the bourgeois laws. It comprehensively reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the 19th century. Therefore, the novel was welcomed by people all over the world. In the 20th century, it was adapted into movies many times, which also attracted countless audiences. The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, and after the defeat of France at Sedan, the Prussian army pushed straight to Paris. At this critical moment of national crisis, Victor Hugo returned to his country after 19 years of exile. He gave speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German invaders and to defend their motherland. He also used the money he got from his writings and recitation of poems to buy two cannons, showing his noble patriotic spirit. When the Paris Commune rose, Hugo did not understand the revolution. But when the Commune failed, the reactionary government frantically suppressed the members of the Commune, Hugo and angrily condemned the reactionaries of the beast, he called for amnesty for all the members of the Commune, and announced in the newspaper that his own home in the Belgian capital, Brussels, for the members of the exile as a refuge. In response, his home was attacked by a reactionary mob, and he himself narrowly escaped death, but he still stood his ground. The first Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded in 1901, but Hugo died in 1885, so despite his high literary achievements, he was not awarded the Nobel. Quote: The widest thing in the world is the ocean; wider than the ocean is the sky; wider than the sky is the human mind. The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who labor; in fact, these two kinds of people are one kind of people, for thought is also labor. Above the absolutely correct revolution there is an absolutely correct humanism. The human intellect holds three keys, one unlocking numbers, one unlocking letters, and one unlocking notes. Knowledge, thought, and fantasy are in them. What the world lacks is perseverance, not stamina. Boldness is the price paid for making progress. One should believe that one is strong in life. The avenue of art is full of thorns, which is good, and the common people are afraid to step forward, only the strong-willed people are excepted. Who wasted years, youth will fade, life will abandon them. Laughter is like sunshine, driving away the winter on people's faces. It is better to refuse than to promise. It is the heart that releases infinite light, and it is the heart that creates infinite darkness. Books are the tools of the soul. People can only survive with material things; people can only talk about life with ideals. Where feet cannot reach, vision can reach; where vision cannot reach, spirit can fly. One more school can build one less prison. Life is to face the smile. People have two ears, one to hear the voice of God, one to hear the voice of the devil. I would rather open my future by my own strength than to seek the favor of the powerful. The first hunger of mankind is ignorance. The noblest revenge is forgiveness.