Shenzhou VI
Shenzhou VI spacecraft is still for the propulsion module, the return module, the three-compartment structure of the orbital module, the entire shape and structure of the ship and the original same, the weight of the basic remains at about 8 tons. After entering the orbit, the spacecraft will first run on an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 200 kilometers and an apogee of 350 kilometers for 5 laps, and then change to a circular orbit 343 kilometers away from the ground, and it will take 90 minutes to fly around the earth, and the flight track is projected on the ground as a sinusoidal curve that is constantly moving to the east. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
Since there is no rendezvous and docking mission on this flight, Shenzhou VI has canceled the additional segment used for this function. In addition, more than 40 pieces of equipment and six pieces of software have been newly added to the spacecraft, bringing it to more than 600 pieces of equipment, 82 pieces of software, and more than 100,000 components.
Shenzhou VI's improvements can be roughly summarized in four areas: [blocked ad]
I. Improvements centered around a two-person, multi-day mission. First, an adequate or even spare amount of astronaut consumables, including food, water, and sleeping bags, were prepared. Food cabinets were placed in the orbital module, which was previously in a vacant state. Astronaut water was prepared both in tanks and in individual soft packs, based on one and a half warmers per person per day. Second, the environmental control of the cockpit was improved. One person exhales nearly a liter of water a day. Shenzhou VI has improved its ability to condense water vapor, enlarged the condensate tank, and plastered all exposed piping with water-absorbent materials to ensure that the spacecraft's humidity is controlled at less than 80 percent. Oxygen, temperature and humidity in the cabin can be automatically sensed and adjusted.
Second, the orbital module has been improved in terms of function and use. A lot of necessities for astronauts' life have been placed, such as food heating devices and tableware. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns resting. Under weightlessness, a person can actually float in the air and sleep, but considering the habits that people have developed on the ground, the sleeping bag is used to artificially create a feeling of "bed", otherwise the astronauts may have the illusion of falling into an abyss when they sleep. The orbital module also has a special cleaning supplies cabinet, astronauts can use the wipes and other items for cleaning. The urine and feces collection device was also used for the first time this time.
Third, improvements to enhance astronaut safety. The astronauts' chairs in the return capsule are designed with a landing cushion function, which is designed to ensure the safety of the astronauts in case of a failure of the thrust reverser rocket. Shenzhou V spacecraft, only Yang Liwei riding in the chair with landing buffer function, and there is a small defect, is to return to the chair before lifting the astronauts difficult to see the situation outside the porthole. Shenzhou VI has redesigned the buffer and combined it with the whole ship for repeated tests, and the three tests thrown down from high towers and airplanes have been successful each time. The hatch between the return module and the orbital module will threaten the safety of the astronauts if it is not closed tightly when returning. Three Russian astronauts have lost their lives as a result. Shenzhou VI researchers successfully developed a rapid automatic detection device for hatch closure, and spent months developing a special rag that does not produce fibers, static electricity, or odors, and is specifically designed to clean the hatch.
Four, continuous improvement. China's manned spaceflight project was officially launched in 1992, and 13 years have passed since then, some of the components and raw materials initially used on the spacecraft are no longer in production, and individual technologies have become slightly outdated. Shenzhou VI has made some daily continuous improvements. For example, the "black box" on Shenzhou I to V was developed in 1994, with a storage capacity of only 10 megabytes. Now the black box is not only 100 times larger than the original storage capacity, and data writing and reading speed has increased by more than 10 times, but the volume is less than half of the original.
Shenzhou VI spacecraft composition
Orbital module: "multi-functional hall"
Shenzhou spacecraft orbital module is a cylinder, the total length of 2.8 meters, the maximum diameter of 2.25 meters, one end and the return module, the other end and the space docking Connected to the other end of the space docking agency connected. The reason why the orbital module of "Shen6" is called "multi-functional hall" is because the two astronauts have to enter the return module in addition to the lift-off and return, and other times are in the orbital module. The orbital module set work, eat, sleep, wash and convenience and many other functions in one.
Escape Tower: Keeping the spacecraft safe
Escape Lifeguard Tower: Located at the very front of the spacecraft, it is 8 meters high. It itself is actually a small launch vehicle consisting of a series of rocket motors. In the carrier spacecraft rocket takeoff 900 seconds before to 160 seconds after takeoff period? Rocket running distance of 0 to 100 kilometers, once an emergency occurs, this life-saving tower will start in an emergency, pulling the "Shenzhou VI" spacecraft return capsule and orbital module and the rocket separation, rapid escape from danger, and the use of parachutes to land in a safe area.
Retaining orbital module: the astronauts' "home"
Orbital module: also called the work module. Its shape is a cylinder with conical angles at both ends, and it is the astronauts' "space bedroom" and "work room". It also has two functions of astronauts' living module and orbital experiment module, so it is also called orbital module. Inside the orbital module, there are many kinds of experimental equipment and experimental instruments, which can be used for earth observation, and both sides of the module are equipped with retractable large-scale solar cell wings, solar sensitizers and various antennas, as well as various docking structures, which are used for converting solar energy into the energy source of the spacecraft, and communicating with the ground, and so on. As the astronauts' "space bedroom", the orbital module's environment is very comfortable, and the temperature inside the module is generally between 17 and 25 degrees Celsius.
Return capsule: astronauts' "cab"
Return capsule: also known as cockpit, it is the astronauts' "cab". It is the cabin section where astronauts ride when traveling to and from space, and is a closed structure with a hatch at the front end. "After Shenzhou VI completes its flight around the earth, the two astronauts will return to the earth in the return capsule.
Propulsion module: also called instrument module. It is usually installed with propulsion system, power supply, orbital braking, and provides oxygen and water for astronauts. Both sides of the propulsion module are also equipped with the main solar cell sail wings with an area of more than 20 square meters.
Why choose the fall launch?
Morning News comprehensive Xinhua News Agency, careful people will note that two years ago at this time, China's first manned spacecraft Shenzhou V launched successfully. The launch of Shenzhou VI this year, again in the fall, is it a coincidence? No. That's because the meteorological conditions in the fall are the most suitable for China to launch a manned spacecraft.
The selection of the launch season for a spacecraft takes into account a variety of factors that may affect the launch, of which meteorological conditions are the most direct and critical determinant.
After the spacecraft takes to the skies, it is up to the spaceflight measurement and control network to implement measurement and control management for the spacecraft. If the Shenzhou spacecraft is compared to the "kite" flying in space, then the spaceflight measurement and control network is the important "kite line". China's spaceflight measurement and control network consists of a number of ground measurement and control stations and four spaceflight measurement ships, namely, the Pacific Ocean Surveyor, the Pacific Ocean Surveyor, the Pacific Ocean Surveyor and the Pacific Ocean Surveyor. These four survey ships are the "Yuanwang" No. 1 and "Yuanwang" No. 2 in the Pacific Ocean, the "Yuanwang" No. 4 in the Indian Ocean, and the "Yuanwang" No. 4 in the Atlantic Ocean. "Far Sight No. 3 in the Atlantic Ocean. Three of the ships are in the southern hemisphere, where latitude is relatively high.
The seasons in the southern hemisphere are exactly the opposite of ours. China's spring and summer seasons in the southern hemisphere is the fall and winter seasons, sea conditions are very poor, even normal navigation is difficult to ensure safety, let alone at sea to carry out measurement and control tasks, so it is not suitable for launching spacecraft. China's fall and winter seasons in the southern hemisphere is the spring and summer seasons, sea conditions are better, easy to navigate and perform measurement tasks. Therefore, China's Shenzhou 1 to 5 spacecraft launch timing are selected in the southern hemisphere and the opposite of the fall and winter seasons.
In addition, compared with winter in autumn, although Shenzhou IV, launched on December 30, 2002, had broken the historical record of low-temperature launches in China, in manned space flights, people-oriented and fully guaranteeing the safety of astronauts have become the most important features of the launches, and thus the meteorological conditions of the launching section are also very important. Obviously, fall is more suitable than winter. Therefore, the Shen5 two years ago and this year's Shen6 manned spacecraft both chose to launch in the fall.
According to Gong Jiancun, a researcher at the Space Environment Prediction Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "This year is exactly the position near the bottom of the cycle, and it is expected that the solar activity will be stable during the flight of Shenzhou VI, which is suitable for human space activities."
Gong Jiancun said, people have grasped the sun's activity cycle is 11 years, 2000 is the peak of this cycle, 2006 reached the bottom. Therefore, this year, the frequency of solar anomalous activity is low, the general trend is favorable to human space activities. Shenzhou VI will fly in "good weather"
From Shenzhou V to realize China's zero breakthrough in manned spaceflight, to Shenzhou VI's more than two days of space flight, China's astronauts special milk Mengniu milk, accompanied the astronauts from the sweaty training ground to the vastness of space, witnessed China's manned space industry hard and brilliant. It has witnessed the hardship and splendor of China's manned spaceflight career. What are the special requirements for the selection of food for astronauts, and how did Mengniu milk become the "Special Milk for Chinese Astronauts"? Along with the successful return of Shenzhou VI, the mysterious veil shrouding the astronauts' recipes has been gently lifted by nutrition experts.
In China, an air force pilot to be selected from 1,000 military personnel, and 100 air force pilots, only one person has the opportunity to become a fighter pilot, astronauts from these fighter pilots in a thousand, after a comprehensive examination of all aspects of the comparison of the final selection out. In order to ensure that these shoulders of the motherland's heavy responsibility of the "national treasure" to maintain good physical and mental quality, as early as Shenzhou V before the first manned space mission, a nutritional team composed of experts from various parties began the harsh astronauts special food selection work. In order to ensure the safety, greenness and nutrition of spaceflight food, the regulations of the Institute of Aerospace Medical Engineering on food for astronauts are as long as eight pages! The "whole nutritious food" milk inspection and selection of the first to bear the brunt.
Milk source is the first key to determine the quality of milk, and thus also become the primary factor in the assessment of experts. Considering that the prairie of Inner Mongolia as the core of China's western prairie is located in the internationally recognized medium-temperate monsoon climate of high-quality dairy cattle feeding zone, is the whole of China's unparalleled and the world's leading significance of high-quality prairie, the main source of milk bases are all in the zone of Mengniu Dairy into the vision of the experts. In Mengniu's production base, they saw the world's leading "model factory", where every drop of raw milk goes through a fully automated process to become a rich and qualified milk product, and the whole process is carried out in a closed and sterile state. From the market to the factory and from the factory to the farm, Mengniu's milk performance convinced every expert.
The national aerospace department, after rigorous testing, concluded that all indicators of Mengniu milk have met or exceeded domestic and international standards. With its natural, high quality, rich nutrition and good taste, Mengniu milk eventually became the only milk designated by space nutrition experts as "special milk for Chinese astronauts". Since then, "three glasses of milk a day" has become a "white music" in the training, work and life of astronauts.
Every morning, while enjoying other carefully prepared food, the astronauts have to drink a glass of Mengniu milk to effectively guarantee calories and nutrition throughout the day. And after lunch, the training base's nutritionist will promptly serve each astronaut a cup of Mengniu yogurt. It turns out that the organic acids contained in yogurt, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, not only give yogurt a refreshing sour flavor, but also help milk form a fine curd, thus lowering the intestinal pH, promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and secretion of digestive juices, and inhibiting the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, so that the astronauts are refreshed for an afternoon. "Mengniu has changed the probiotics in its yogurt products from two to four, so that not only is the nutritional value significantly higher than that of similar products, but its role in aiding digestion and inhibiting harmful bacteria has been strengthened even further, making it very popular with the astronauts." The nutritionist at the base commented this way.
After finishing a day of intense training, the astronauts will also drink a glass of milk at dinner. Nutrition experts pointed out that, on the one hand, the tranquilizing effect of the milk consumed at dinner promotes deep sleep among the astronauts, and on the other hand, it is easier for the human body to absorb the proteins in milk when it is in a sleeping state.
"Three glasses of milk a day, 500-800 milliliters a day. This scientific recipe not only ensures the nutritional supply, but also does not cause fat accumulation, not only applies to astronauts, with samples also applies to ordinary people"! Nutrition experts believe that the astronauts meals in the scientific collocation of milk, it is worthwhile to vigorously promote in the whole society.
Becoming the "Chinese astronauts special milk", for Mengniu, is not only a high honor, but also a kind of expectation and responsibility. At the same time that China's aerospace industry is "inspiring China's heart" with one brilliant achievement after another, every Mengniu person is also committed to the great mission of "strengthening Chinese people". 2003, when Shenzhou V rose up to the ground, realizing the zero breakthrough in China's manned spaceflight, Mengniu's milk also quickly became the most important part of the Chinese spaceflight industry. In 2003, when the Shenzhou V was launched, achieving the zero breakthrough in China's manned aerospace industry, Mengniu's milk quickly became the leader in China's liquid milk market, and in 2004, Mengniu's milk became the special milk for athletes' training of the Training Bureau of the General Administration of Sport of the People's Republic of China, dedicating itself to China's athletes' development in world games. Afterwards, Mengniu took the lead in building China's largest "Australia-Asia International Farm", the first to introduce robotic milking facilities in China, planting the world's twelve high-quality pasture, breeding global high-quality cows, and opening up the road of upgrading China's dairy industry milk sources. 2005, when Shenzhou VI revolved around our beautiful planet in a perfect posture, Mengniu was the first to be awarded the title of the first Chinese milk producer in the world, which is the largest milk producer in China. In 2005, when Shenzhou VI circled around our beautiful planet with a perfect attitude, Mengniu had already surpassed many multinational dairy giants with a daily sales of 7,000 tons of liquid milk, becoming the global leader in the field of liquid milk. As the first "China's aerospace partner", Mengniu will not only "applaud for China", but will also use its white and mellow milk to cheer for the health of every astronaut and every Chinese person, and to pursue the "dream of a strong and healthy China" tirelessly. "The company's goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers.
Comparison of Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI
Shenzhou V Shenzhou VI
The size, weight, and equipment of the two are basically unchanged; the Long March 2F launch vehicle is used as the power carrier
Launch time Oct. 15, 2003 Mid-Oct. 2005 Mid-October 2005
Activities limited to the Return Module (RM) Open the RM hatch and enter the Orbital Module (OM) to conduct scientific experiments
Suits Yang Liwei's spacesuit never left his body and he had the opportunity to take off his 10-kilogram suit, which consisted of clothing, helmet, gloves and boots
Space time 21 hours 119 hours
The space crew 1 man 2 men Number of astronauts 1 person 2 people
Food Instant food, without heating or adding water 50 or so varieties: including four staple foods, dishes such as "abalone" and "salted prawns", and fruits
Toilet problems Diapers Specialized Toilet
Shenzhou VI spacecraft = for the three-compartment structure of the propulsion module, the return module, the orbital module, the shape and structure of the entire ship is the same as the original, the weight basically remained at about 8 tons. The spacecraft into orbit is first in the perigee of 200 kilometers, apogee of 350 kilometers on the elliptical orbit run 5 laps, and then orbit to 343 kilometers from the ground to the circular orbit, around the Earth to fly a circle takes 90 minutes, the flight trajectory projected to the ground as a sinusoidal curve constantly to the east of the push. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
Since there is no rendezvous and docking mission on this flight, Shenzhou VI has canceled the additional segment used for this function. In addition, more than 40 pieces of equipment and six pieces of software have been newly added to the spacecraft, bringing it to more than 600 pieces of equipment, 82 pieces of software and more than 100,000 components.
The selection of the launch season for the airship takes into account various factors that may affect the launch, of which meteorological conditions are the most direct and critical determining factor.
After the spacecraft takes to the sky, it is up to the spaceflight measurement and control network to implement measurement and control management for the spacecraft. If the Shenzhou spacecraft is compared to the "kite" flying in space, then the spaceflight measurement and control network is the important "kite line". China's spaceflight measurement and control network consists of a number of ground measurement and control stations and four spaceflight measurement ships, namely, the Pacific Ocean Surveyor, the Pacific Ocean Surveyor, the Pacific Ocean Surveyor and the Pacific Ocean Surveyor. These four survey ships are the "Yuanwang" No. 1 and "Yuanwang" No. 2 in the Pacific Ocean, the "Yuanwang" No. 4 in the Indian Ocean, and the "Yuanwang" No. 4 in the Atlantic Ocean. "Far Sight No. 3 in the Atlantic Ocean. Three of the ships are in the southern hemisphere, where latitude is relatively high.
The seasons in the southern hemisphere are exactly the opposite of ours. China's spring and summer seasons in the southern hemisphere is the fall and winter seasons, sea conditions are very poor, even normal navigation is difficult to ensure safety, let alone at sea to carry out measurement and control tasks, so it is not suitable for launching spacecraft. China's fall and winter seasons in the southern hemisphere is the spring and summer seasons, sea conditions are better, easy to navigate and perform measurement tasks. Therefore, China's Shenzhou 1 to 5 spacecraft launch timing are selected in the southern hemisphere and the opposite of the fall and winter seasons.
In addition, compared with winter in autumn, although Shenzhou IV, launched on December 30, 2002, had broken the historical record of low-temperature launches in China, in manned space flights, people-oriented and fully guaranteeing the safety of astronauts have become the most important features of the launches, and thus the meteorological conditions of the launching section are also very important. Obviously, fall is more suitable than winter. Therefore, the Shen5 two years ago and this year's Shen6 manned spacecraft both chose to launch in the fall.
According to Gong Jiancun, a researcher at the Space Environment Prediction Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "This year is exactly the position near the bottom of the cycle, and it is expected that the solar activity will be stable during the flight of Shenzhou VI, which is suitable for human space activities."
Gong Jiancun said, people have grasped the sun's activity cycle is 11 years, 2000 is the peak of this cycle, 2006 reached the bottom. Therefore, this year, the frequency of solar anomalous activity is low, the general trend is favorable to human space activities. Shenzhou VI will fly in "good weather"
The Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft is one of China's Shenzhou spacecraft series. "Shenzhou VI is no different from Shenzhou V in appearance
and remains a three-compartment structure with a propulsion module, a return module and an orbital module, weighing basically about 8 tons
and will be launched by a Long March 2F carrier rocket. . It is China's second spacecraft to carry astronauts, and also China's
first manned spacecraft to carry out "multi-person, multi-sky" missions.
Astronauts
Mission astronauts
Fei Junlong, commander
Nie Haisheng, operator
This is the first time that the two astronauts have flown on a space mission. Nie Haisheng celebrated his 41st lunar
birthday Oct. 13 in space.
Reserve astronauts
First echelon: Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng
Second echelon: Zhai Zhigang, Wu Jie
Heads of sub-systems
Chief commander of the astronaut system, chief designer: Chen Shanguang
Chief commander of the spacecraft application system, chief designer: Gu Yidong
Chef commander of the spacecraft system, Shang Zhi. Chief Designer: Zhang Bannan
Commander-in-Chief of Rocket System: Liu Yu, Chief Designer: Liu Zhusheng
Commander-in-Chief of Launching Site System: Zhang Yulin, Chief Designer: Lu Jinrong
Commander-in-Chief of Measurement, Control, and Communication System: Dong Deyi, Chief Designer: Yu Zhijian
Commander-in-Chief of Landing Site System: Sui Qisheng, Chief Designer: Hou Ying
Time line
The following times use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Oct. 11
22:15-22:17 Astronauts enter the spacecraft
22:53 Shenzhou 6 return capsule hatch closes
Oct. 12
00:27 Rocket tower operating bracket opens fully
01:00:00 LM-2 F rocket ignition
01:00:03.583 Shenzhou VI launch
01:02:03 (120th second after ignition) Rocket jettisoned the escape tower
01:02:19 (136th second after ignition) Rocket booster separation
01:02:42 (159th second after ignition) Rocket first and second stages separated, first stage Rocket falls down
01:03:23 (200 seconds after ignition) Fairing detached at an altitude of 110 kilometers
01:09:43 (583 seconds after ignition) Spaceship and rocket separated successfully at an altitude of about 200 kilometers
01:09:52 Shenzhou VI enters its intended orbit
07:56 Shenzhou VI spacecraft Orbit change
Oct 13
02:10 Astronauts conduct on-orbit anti-jamming test
18:21 Sea conditions deteriorate in the area where Farwatch 1, Farwatch 2 and Farwatch 3 are situated
21:56 Shenzhou VI maintains orbit for the first time after orbit change
Oct 15
08:29 -08:31 Astronauts speak with Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China*** and the People's Republic of China.
Oct. 16
18:40 Shenzhou VI enters its 76th orbit around the Earth over the Qingdao station's measurement and control area
18:44 Shenzhou VI's return command is unlocked
19:10 The dispatcher of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center announces that the return segment tracking has entered the 30-minute preparations
19:17 Shenzhou VI is 19:17 Shenzhou VI is flying over the South Pacific Ocean
19:18 The propulsion module's solar sailboard is zeroed vertically
19:42 The signal of Shenzhou VI has been captured by the survey ship of Far-Eye Survey Vessel No. 3 (FSSV)
19:43-19:48 FSSV has carried out a series of key control measures for Shenzhou VI, such as attitude adjustment, separation of the orbital module from the return flight, and braking and ignition, etc. The Shenzhou VI is now ready for the return segment of tracking. Shenzhou VI has successfully entered the scheduled return orbit
19:43 Far Sight 3 sends commands to Shenzhou VI, and the first attitude adjustment of Shenzhou VI begins
19:44 The orbital module and the return capsule have successfully separated
19:45 The engine of the propulsion module has ignited, and it starts to return to its home orbit
19:48:29 The orbital control engine of the propulsion module shuts down, and flies out of the Far Sight module. Engine shutdown, fly out of the Far Sight 3 measurement and control section
19:52 The capsule flew over the African continent, towards China
20:02 The capsule flew over South Asia, the astronauts reported that the spacecraft is working normally and feels good
20:07 The propulsion module and the return capsule successfully separated
20:13 The return capsule enters into the communication black barrier area.
20:16 Landing site measurement and control equipment found the spacecraft
20:19 Main parachute cover opened
20:20 Deceleration parachute off, main parachute opened, and helicopter visualized the target
20:23 Thermal bottom of Return Module was successfully thrown off
20:33 The Return Module successfully landed
21:04 The door of the return capsule was opened
21:39 Two astronauts, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, left the capsule
Launch
Shenzhou 6 was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9:00 a.m. Beijing time (UTC+8) on October 12, 2005
The two Chinese astronauts, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, were sent to space. The flight is expected to last five days. They will first orbit five times in an elliptical orbit with an inclination of 42.4 degrees, a perigee altitude of 200 kilometers and an apogee altitude of 347 kilometers, and then enter a 343-kilometer circular orbit after changing orbits. It takes 90 minutes to fly around the Earth, and the flight trajectory is projected as a sinusoidal curve that is constantly moving eastward on the Earth's surface. The orbital characteristics are the same as those of Shenzhou V.
In orbit
At 17:29 on Oct. 12, astronaut Fei Junlong opened the hatch between the Shenzhou 6 return module and the orbital module and entered the orbital
module to carry out space science experiments.
Beginning at 0400 on Oct. 13, the astronauts conducted an on-orbit disturbance force test, consciously increasing the amplitude of their movements in the capsule to try
checking the effect of human disturbance on the spacecraft's attitude. After opening and closing the hatch, putting on and taking off the pressure suit, walking through the cabin, and extracting condensate
four major "on-orbit disturbance force" tests, the astronauts' activities had little effect on the spacecraft's attitude, and the spacecraft could maintain a normal
flight without any need to correct the spacecraft's attitude.
On the morning of Oct. 14, Shenzhou VI carried out the first orbit maintenance after orbit change in the 30th lap, i.e., according to the orbit fine measurement parameters
tiny adjustments were made to bring the spacecraft back to the scheduled normal orbit. During the maintenance, the Shenzhou VI engine *** ignited for 6.5 seconds, lifting
the spacecraft 800 meters.
At 16:29 on Oct. 15, Hu Jintao spoke with astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.
At 18:05, the astronauts transmitted digital images they had taken of the spacecraft's solar sail panels to Beijing
Space Flight Control Center.
Landing
After completing its scheduled mission, the spacecraft returned to its main landing site in Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, using lift re-entry. The Shenzhou
6 manned spacecraft needs to go through four phases to return to the ground: the braking flight phase, the free gliding phase, the re-entry
layer phase and the landing phase. After the separation of the orbital module and the return capsule during the orbiting flight, Shenzhou 6 will continue to fly in orbit for six months to conduct a series of scientific experiments.
Because the first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou V, flew in space for only one day, weather changes at the main landing site could be predicted accurately and in time, so the secondary landing site has not been activated; Shenzhou VI will be in space for many days, and the weather is difficult to predict accurately, so the secondary site at the Jiuquan Satellite Launching Center will be activated as a back-up landing site. To prepare for the spacecraft's return at any time,
there are 13 landing sites on the ground***. In addition to the main and secondary landing sites at the Siziwangqi and Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centers in Inner Mongolia, there are 11 emergency landing sites at home and abroad. The landing site system includes the main and secondary landing site subsystems, the land
emergency search and rescue subsystem, the sea emergency search and rescue subsystem, the communication subsystem, and the astronauts' medical supervision and medical insurance subsystem, which are five
subsystems.
The equipment involved in astronaut search and rescue includes search and rescue helicopters, search and rescue helicopters, search and video helicopters,
command and dispatch vehicles, astronaut medical supervision and medical insurance vehicles, engineering transportation vehicles, astronaut transportation vehicles, return capsule cranes and small search
rope cars.
Four giant parachutes have been designed to ensure the safe return home of Shenzhou VI and the two astronauts. Return capsule in the landing process,
at least to successively open the guidance parachute, deceleration parachute, the main parachute *** 3 umbrellas, if necessary, but also to open the fourth backup umbrella
. Whether the spacecraft return capsule parachute can be opened smoothly is directly related to the success or failure of the recovery. The main parachute can't be opened all at once, or it will be blown through by the high-speed airflow, and the return capsule will be smashed. All is not lost when the spacecraft lands,
If the giant parachute is blown by the wind, it could drag the capsule into a fast roll. To ensure safety, a cutter on the capsule automatically cuts off the parachute harness the moment the capsule hits the ground,
allowing the parachute to float down on its own, so that the capsule isn't dragged away by the parachute.
This is the first time a spacecraft has landed on the ground.
Additionally, according to the opinion of Shenzhou V astronaut Yang Liwei, in order to minimize the impact on the astronauts when Shenzhou VI lands
, the seats of the astronauts in the capsule are also installed for the first time with "endowed shock-absorbing cushions," which are designed according to the shape of the astronauts' bodies and the shape of their bodies. The energy-absorbing seat cushion, which is made according to the different
characteristics of astronauts, can quickly disperse the stress on the human body at the moment of impact, avoiding human body damage
At 3:44 a.m. on Oct. 16, 2005, the orbital module of the spacecraft was successfully separated from the return module, and at 3:45 a.m., the engine of the spacecraft was successfully ignited to start its return voyage. At 4:07 a.m. the spacecraft's propulsion module successfully separated from the return capsule, which
re-entered Earth on its own.
During the landing, there was a point of light in the night sky at the main landing site in Siziwangqi, as if a shooting star had crossed the night sky. When the module passed through the atmosphere at 4:13 a.m., it generated high temperatures, creating a black block of communication and suspending contact with the control center
for three minutes. At 4:20 a.m., the module opened its main parachute and slowly landed at the main landing site in Siziwangqi. At
4:33 a.m., the module successfully landed, and the two astronauts, Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng, reported their safety to the control center, where
staff members applauded and celebrated. About half an hour later, a search-and-rescue helicopter spotted the capsule first, and the actual landing site was only 1 kilometer different from the predicted location
. After the crew opened the door to the return capsule, medical personnel examined the two astronauts and suggested
that the two could exit the capsule on their own.
Unlike Shenzhou 5 astronaut Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong first climbed out of the capsule on his own, wearing a space suit, and waved to workers on the scene
. Nie Haisheng also climbed out of the capsule and walked down the iron ladder, and the two men sat on chairs and accepted flower offerings from staff members
and thanked everyone for their concern and love, Fei said, noting that the trip to space had gone very smoothly, and that they had worked and lived well inside the capsule, and were in good health. The two astronauts stayed in space for 115.5 hours, more than five times the flight time of Shenzhou V
, creating the longest stay in space for Chinese people and bringing to a successful end China's first
"multi-person, multi-day" space journey. Fei and Nie were picked up by helicopters after their return to the ground, followed by
specialized flights back to Beijing, where they were temporarily quarantined for 14 days.
Technical improvements
More than 40 pieces of equipment and six pieces of software were newly added to the spacecraft, bringing it to more than 600 pieces of equipment, 82 pieces of software, and more than 100,000 pieces of meta-vehicle
pieces, and 110 technological improvements were made in four areas.
Improvements centered around a two-person, multi-day mission: food cabinets were put to real use, and astronaut water was prepared in two ways
through water tanks and separate soft packages. The condensate tank was enlarged, and all exposed piping was labeled with absorbent material to ensure that the spacecraft
humidity was kept below 80 percent.
Improvements in the functional use of the orbital module: food warmers and utensils were placed. A sleeping bag is hung in the orbital module
for the two astronauts to take turns resting. There is also a special cleaning cabinet in the capsule, where astronauts can clean themselves with items such as warm wipes. The urine and feces collection device is also being used for the first time this time.
Improvements to enhance astronaut safety: The seat cushion for astronauts has been redesigned so that astronauts can see out the porthole after the seat is lifted
before return. The rapid
automatic detection device for the hatch closure between the return module and the orbit module has been successfully developed. Developed a special rag that does not produce fibers, static electricity, or odor and is specifically designed to clean
the hatch.
Continuous improvement: The "black box" not only has a storage capacity 100 times larger than the original, but also the speed of writing and reading data
has increased by more than 10 times, while the volume is less than half of the original
Carrying
The items carried on Shenzhou VI are mainly souvenirs of the manned spaceflight project, such as postal items, paintings, flags and
other souvenirs, as well as microbial strains and crop seeds used for scientific experiments.
Experimental use
Some eggs, silkworm eggs and Yunnan Pu'er tea will be sent up with Shenzhou VI to study the possibility of genetic mutation.
Twenty-four cell culture boxes containing beating heart muscle cells and wall-stretching osteoblasts have been placed on the spacecraft, and astronauts
and ground crews are synchronizing a series of scientific comparative experiments on the two identical sets of living cells, to study the cellular molecular mechanisms by which the space environment affects the heart and skeleton, and to validate the effects of cell culture in the cell culture fluid, in the cell culture solution, in the cell culture medium, and in the bone culture solution through the real-time flight in space. culture fluid and
screened on the ground to verify the protective effects of the drugs placed in the cell culture fluid. The astronauts operated 24 sample cassettes in three time periods. During the operation, the astronauts would
place the cell culture tape on their legs, squeeze through two capsules containing activators and immobilizers at different time periods to
activate or immobilize the living cells, and examine the state and
changes of the cell samples in the different gravitational conditions before and after the spacecraft was put into orbit.
Memorial use
There are 10 grams of special clay, consisting of 9 grams of mainland clay and 1 gram of Taiwan clay, signifying ten perfections and wishing for peace and
peaceful reunification of the motherland.
Ship data
Ship name: Shenzhou VI
Launch: Oct. 12, 2005 09:00:00 BST
Takeoff: Oct. 12, 2005 09:00:03.583 BST
Landing: Oct. 17, 2005 04:33 BST
Flight time: 115 hours, 32 minutes
Orbit: 76 revolutions
Altitude: 343 kilometers
How do you escape in flight?
The Long March 2F rocket used to launch Shenzhou 6 has three modes to ensure that astronauts can escape safely in the event of an accident. The three modes are: low-altitude escape, high-altitude escape and emergency separation of the ship and rocket.
Low-altitude escape refers to the escape from 30 minutes before takeoff to 120 seconds after takeoff, i.e., before the rocket is thrown off the escape tower, including the escape on the launch pad. Low-altitude escape is realized through the escape tower, so it is called "tower escape". The escape tower is placed at the top of the rocket, about 8 meters long, shaped like a huge lightning rod. When the launch phase of the rocket catastrophic failure, it can carry the orbital module and return capsule quickly fly away from the rocket, flight to a safe area, and then throw off the escape tower and the orbital module, the return capsule by parachute to return to land on their own. The first key action after the successful liftoff of the rocket is to throw off the escape tower, which is to avoid consuming the launch vehicle thrust for nothing.
The rocket throw escape tower (120 seconds after takeoff) to the fairing separation before (200 seconds after takeoff), the implementation of high-altitude escape that is "no tower escape", by four high-altitude escape engine and two high-altitude separation engine for the fairing to provide power to take the spacecraft away from the arrow.
After the fairing separation and before the ship-arrow separation (about 584 seconds after takeoff), if a failure occurs, the ship-arrow emergency separation can be implemented. The spacecraft will land in Inner Mongolia after a successful escape